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La Rambla, Barcelona

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"Las Ramblas" redirects here. For other uses, see Las Ramblas (disambiguation).
La Rambla
View over the Rambla from the Christopher Columbus monument, with the quarters of El Raval to the left and Barri Gòtic to the right
Length1.2 km (0.75 mi)
LocationBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Coordinates41°22′53″N 2°10′23″E / 41.38139°N 2.17306°E / 41.38139; 2.17306
FromPlaça de Catalunya
ToChristopher Columbus Monument

La Rambla (Catalan pronunciation: [ɫə ˈrambɫə]) is a street in central Barcelona, popular with tourists and locals alike. A tree-lined pedestrian mall, it stretches for 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) connecting Plaça de Catalunya in the centre with the Christopher Columbus Monument at Port Vell. La Rambla forms the boundary between the quarters of Barri Gòtic, to the east, and El Raval, to the west.[1][2]

La Rambla can be crowded, especially during the height of the tourist season. Its popularity with tourists has affected the character of the street, with a move to pavement cafes and souvenir kiosks. It has also suffered from the attention of pickpockets and, especially towards its southern end, sex workers.[2]

The Spanish poet Federico García Lorca once said that La Rambla was "the only street in the world which I wish would never end."[3]

Orientation

Map of La Rambla

La Rambla can be considered a series of shorter streets, each differently named, hence the plural form Les Rambles (the original Catalan form; in Spanish it is Las Ramblas). The street is successively called:[1][2]

  • Rambla de Canaletes - the site of the Font de Canaletes fountain
  • Rambla dels Estudis - the site of the former Jesuit University, whose only remainder is the Church of Bethlehem
  • Rambla de Sant Josep (or de les Flors) - the site of an open-air flower market
  • Rambla dels Caputxins - the site of a former Capuchin monastery, now dominated by the Liceu opera-house
  • Rambla de Santa Mònica - named after the convent of St. Monica, now an arts centre.

To the north of La Rambla lies Plaça de Catalunya, a large square in central Barcelona that is generally considered to be both its city centre and the place where the old city and the 19th century-built Eixample meet.[1]

To the east of La Rambla is the Barri Gòtic or Gothic Quarter, the centre of the old city of Barcelona. The Barri Gòtic retains a labyrinthine street plan, with small squares and streets, many of which connect onto the Rambla. One of the larger of these squares is the Plaça Reial, a lively 19th century square with tall palm trees and street lamps designed by Antoni Gaudí, which opens down a short entrance passage off the Rambla dels Caputxins. Further into the Barri Gòtic can be found the Cathedral of Santa Eulàlia and the Plaça Sant Jaume that houses the buildings of the Generalitat of Catalonia and Barcelona’s City Council.[1]

To the west of La Rambla is the rather different El Raval quarter. Outside the city's earliest walls, this area was originally the site of various religious and medical institutions. Later factories grew up along with housing for the workers, whilst the proximity to the port led to the area becoming known for its nightlife and cabarets, as well as prostitution and crime. Today the area still retains a degree of 'edge', but it also home to several important buildings, including Gaudí's Palau Güell, which is only a few steps down the Carrer Nou de la Rambla from the Rambla dels Caputxins.[1][4]

At the southern end of the Ramblas is the Christopher Columbus Monument and the Port Vell, the old port of Barcelona, now largely given over to pleasure craft. Near to the port end of the Rambla are the Royal Dockyards (in Catalan, Drassanes), which house a maritime museum specifically devoted to naval history in the Mediterranean[1]

Extensions at either end of the Rambla also carry the name Rambla, but are not normally considered part of La Rambla itself. To the north, the Rambla de Catalunya extends into the Eixample district. To the south, construction of the Maremàgnum in the early 1990s resulted in a continuation of La Rambla on a wooden walkway into the harbour called the Rambla de Mar.[1]

History

Barcelona around 1700, showing La Rambla running down the centre flanked by the old city wall on its right.

The course of La Rambla was originally a sewage-filled stream-bed,[5] usually dry but an important drain for the heavy rainwater flowing from the Collserola hills during spring and autumn. (Rambla, from the Arabic رمل "sand", is Catalan for "wadi".[6]) It separated the walled city on its north-east bank from the settlements of El Raval ("the suburb") on its south-west.[7]

In the year 1377, construction started on an extension of the city walls to include La Rambla and El Raval. In 1440, the stream was diverted to run outside the new walls, and La Rambla gradually started turning into a street.[8]

Over the next few centuries, La Rambla became established as a centre of Barcelona city life, a long wide thoroughfare used for festivals, markets, and sports. Several large religious establishments were also built along the street during this period. These include the Jesuit Bethlehem monastery and college (1553), of which just the later church remains; the Carmelite St. Joseph's monastery, on the site of the current Boqueria market; and a Capuchin monastery at the lower end of the street.[8]

In 1703, the first of the trees lining La Rambla were planted.[8]

Various conflicts over recent centuries took their toll on La Rambla's religious buildings, most notably the St. James's Night riots in 1835 when revolutionaries burned the monasteries and churches and massacred the monks and nuns;[9] and the Spanish Civil War in 1936-39, when Barcelona came under the control of anarchists who again targeted religious buildings and personnel, as well as being damaged by artillery and air attacks on the area from pro-Franco forces.

Until 2010, the Rambla dels Estudis was the site of an open-air market for caged birds and other small pets. However animal protection laws made it difficult for the market to continue. After years of fighting the legislation, the market was forced to close down.[10]

Sights

Florist's shop on La Rambla

The tree-lined central promenade of La Rambla is crowded during the day and until late in the night. Its origins as a watercourse are reflected in the paving design, which appears to ripple like water. Along the promenade's length are kiosks that sell newspapers and souvenirs, other kiosks selling flowers, street traders, performers, and pavement cafes and bars. Several notable sights are also located within the promenade, including a mosaic by Joan Miró, and the Font de Canaletes, a famous fountain and popular meeting point.[1][11][12]

Strolling along the Rambla, one can see such historic buildings as the Palace of the Virreina and the famous Liceu Theatre (Liceo in Spanish), in which operas and ballets are staged. The La Boqueria market opens off the Rambla and is one of the city's foremost tourist landmarks, housing a very diverse selection of goods.[1][11]

One of the side streets, only a few metres long, leads to the Royal Square (Plaça Reial), a plaza with palm trees and porticoed buildings containing many pubs and restaurants, and in which stamp and coin collectors gather on the weekends.[1][13]

Culture

Pavement mosaic by Joan Miró on la Rambla

The Rambla is the location for several of Barcelona's cultural establishments, including:

In the Pla de l'Os can be found a pavement mosaic created in 1971 by the famed artist Joan Miró.[8]

Transport

Pedestrian traffic and entrance to Liceu metro station

The most obvious transport mode on La Rambla is its heavy flow of pedestrians, who largely use the wide central pedestrianised area. This is flanked by two narrow service roads, which in turn are flanked by narrow pedestrian walkways in front of the buildings. Despite its length, no vehicular traffic is permitted to cross the central pedestrian walkway.[1]

Line L3 of the Barcelona Metro runs beneath the length of La Rambla, with stations at:[18]

  • Catalunya, immediately adjacent to Plaça Catalunya, is a major interchange station served by several metro and suburban railway lines.
  • Liceu, in front of the opera house Liceu, serves the central section of La Rambla.
  • Drassanes is by the port next to Centre d'Art Santa Mònica.

Three Barcelona Bus lines operate along the service roads flanking La Rambla during the day (numbers 14, 59 and 91), whilst three different night time services also operate along La Rambla (numbers N9, N12 and N15).[19][20][21][22][23][24]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "La Rambla, Barcelona". a view on cities. van ermengem bvba. Retrieved 2013-12-01.
  2. ^ a b c "Guide to Barcelona Las Ramblas". www.barcelona-tourist-guide.com. Retrieved 2013-12-02.
  3. ^ "Lorca i Catalunya". Teatre Nacional de Catalunya. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  4. ^ "Història - Raval" (in Catalan). Fundació Tot Raval. Retrieved 2013-12-02.
  5. ^ Michael Eaude (12 October 2011). Catalonia - A Cultural History. Andrews UK Limited. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-908493-25-5. From the Plaça de Catalunya, the Ramblas follows a slightly zigzag line, the contour of the sewage-filled medieval stream it was, down to the Columbus column and the sea.
  6. ^ http://www.diccionari.cat/lexicx.jsp?GECART=0113564
  7. ^ Eaude, Michael (2007). Catalonia: A Cultural History. Signal Books. ISBN 9781904955320.
  8. ^ a b c d "Història de la Rambla: Cronologia" (in Catalan). Amics de la Rambla. Retrieved 2013-04-28.
  9. ^ "Història de la Rambla: La nit que va canviar la Rambla" (in Catalan). Amics de la Rambla. Retrieved 2013-04-28.
  10. ^ Corrigan, Damian (2010-07-18). "Ramblas Bird Market Closes". About.com. Retrieved 2013-12-01.
  11. ^ a b "La Rambla". Turisme de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  12. ^ Bryant, Sue. Barcelona p.343. New Holland. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  13. ^ "Plaça Reial". Turisme de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  14. ^ "Gran Teatre del Liceu". Turisme de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  15. ^ "Historia - Teatre Principal" (in Catalan). Barcelona Teatre Principal. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  16. ^ "Arts Santa Mònica". Turisme de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  17. ^ "La Virreina Centre de la Imatge". Turisme de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  18. ^ "L3" (in Catalan). trenscat.com. Retrieved 2013-12-02.
  19. ^ "Línia 14 - Poblenou / Bonanova". Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  20. ^ "Línia 59 - Pg. Marítim / R. M. Cristina". Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  21. ^ "Línia 91 - Rambla / La Bordeta". Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  22. ^ "Línia N12". Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  23. ^ "Línia N15". Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  24. ^ "Línia N9". Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
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