Letter of the Six
The Letter of the Six (Romanian: Scrisoarea celor șase) was an open letter signed in March 1989 by Silviu Brucan, together with five other Romanian Communist dignitaries (Gheorghe Apostol, Alexandru Bârlădeanu, Grigore Răceanu, Corneliu Mănescu, and Constantin Pîrvulescu).[1][2][3][4][5]
The letter's content
The document, which was immediately broadcast on Radio Free Europe, BBC Radio, and Voice of America, was a left-wing critique of the policies of the president Nicolae Ceaușescu,[4][6] and it led to the swift arrest and interrogation of the signatories by the Securitate (the secret police), and then to their house arrest at various locations.[2] The Securitate depicted Brucan as one of several "hostile, inveterate, elements" and "the agent of foreign imperialist secret services".[3] Although lacking in actual popular support,[7] the letter was argued to be the among most important and influential acts of opposition during its period, and a notorious break with the tradition of strict obedience and party discipline.[7]
Authorities' reaction
Four of the six were moved from their houses in the exclusivist district of Primăverii to places like the outskirts of Bucharest and the other two were detained:[8]
- Brucan was sent to a location on the outskirts of Bucharest, in Dămăroaia[2][8] — the reason for his subsequent colloquial moniker, "The Oracle of Dămăroaia".[9]
- Mănescu was moved to a two-room house with an earth floor in Chitila, his daughter was moved to Piatra Neamț[8]
- Pîrvulescu was moved to a village near Vaslui[8]
- Bîrlădeanu was moved in Vatra Luminoasă district of Bucharest[8]
- Apostol and Răceanu were arrested and detained until the 1989 revolution[8]
Despite increased pressure, most contributors to the protest refused to withdraw their statement.[7] Brucan later accused Apostol of having given in to pressures.[10]
References
- ^ Template:Ro icon Mirona Hrițcu, "Silviu Brucan e gata să-și îngroape profeția" ("Silviu Brucan Is About to Outlive His Prophecy"), in Cotidianul, February 5, 2005
- ^ a b c Template:Ro icon "Politologul Silviu Brucan a decedat la vârsta de 90 de ani" ("The Political Scientist Silviu Brucan Has Died at the Age of 90"), in Gardianul, September 16, 2006
- ^ a b Template:Ro icon D. Tănăsescu, "Dosare de cadre. Fișete desferecate" ("Personnel Files. Unfettered Lockers"), in Magazin Istoric, no. 40, 1998
- ^ a b Template:Ro icon Vladimir Tismăneanu, "Dubioasa convertire a lui Silviu Brucan" ("Silviu Brucan's Dubious Conversion"), in 22, September–October 2006
- ^ Cioroianu, p.487; Neumann, p.180; Tismăneanu, Stalinism pentru eternitate, p.262-263, 310
- ^ Neumann, p.180; Tismăneanu, Stalinism pentru eternitate, p.262-263
- ^ a b c Tismăneanu, Stalinism pentru eternitate, p.263
- ^ a b c d e f Dennis Deletant, Ceaușescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965-1989, M.E. Sharpe, London, 1995, ISBN 1-56324-633-3.
- ^ Template:Ro icon Ondine Gherguț, "Brucan, condamnat în procesul cu Vasile Lupu" ("Brucan, Sentenced in His Trial with Vasile Lupu") in Evenimentul Zilei, February 15, 2002
- ^ Tismăneanu, Stalinism pentru eternitate, p.292
External links
- The Letter of the Six: destinies before and after the year 1989 (essay by Pompiliu-Nicolae Constantin)
- The Unique Experience of Romania - Making the History of 1989
- The Securitate Files: Silviu Brucan and the Communist Regime in Romania in the 1980s
- Intrigues gave hints to the fall of Ceausescu's regime
- The December Revolt and the Coup D'Etat - 1989 Origins Of The National Salvation Front (NSF)