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List of Anseriformes by population

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The population of birds
Lists

Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, vultures, and kites)
Anseriformes (waterfowl)
Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds)
Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and relatives)
Charadriiformes (gulls and relatives)
Ciconiiformes (storks and relatives)
Columbiformes (doves and pigeons)
Coraciiformes (kingfishers and relatives)
Cuculiformes (cuckoos and relatives)
Falconiformes (falcons and relatives)
Galliformes (gamebirds)
Gaviiformes (loons or divers)
Gruiformes (cranes and relatives)
Passeriformes (perching birds)
Pelecaniformes (pelicans and relatives)
Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)
Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
Podicipediformes (grebes)
Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels)
Psittaciformes (parrots)
Sphenisciformes (penguins)
Strigiformes (owls)
Struthioniformes (ratites)
Tinamiformes (tinamous)
Trogoniformes (trogons and quetzals)
Key

Conservation status

  Extinct in the wild (EW)
  Critically endangered (CR)
  Endangered (EN)
  Vulnerable (VU)
  Near threatened (NT)
  Least concern (LC)
  Data deficient (DD)
Related
Lists of organisms by population
Lists of mammals by population
List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species
List of extinct birds
Lists of birds by region

This is a list of Anseriformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields.

Anseriformes (Anser being Latin for "goose") is the taxonomic order to which the ducks, geese, swans, and screamers belong. BirdLife International has assessed 166 species; 89 (54% of total species) have had their population estimated. A variety of methods are used for counting waterfowl. For example, in North America, national and sub-national agencies use planes and helicopters to make aerial transects of breeding populations, and extrapolate these counts over the species' known ranges. Methodologies are continuously being refined; thus estimates can be expected to become more accurate over time. Forecasts can be made by studying habitat condition trends and by interviewing local experts.[1] For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

The first bird in this list, the crested shelduck, retains a status of Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List but may in fact be extinct. The last confirmed reporting was in 1964 near Vladivostok. North Korea claimed a sighting in March 1971, but this record is highly suspect. Unconfirmed reports do, however, periodically roll in from Northeast China, giving scientists hope that the last individual has not yet died.[2] To be assessed as Critically Endangered a species must have experienced a decline of at least 80% in the past ten years or three generations, or be projected to decline that much in the future ten years or three generations.[3] As some species below are rapidly approaching their minimum viable population (MVP), the future may see their removal from the list and addition to the preceding paragraph.

Extinct species:

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Crested shelduck Tadorna cristata 50[2] CR[2] Unknown[2] Estimate is a likely maximum.[2]
Madagascar pochard Aythya innotata 50[13] CR[13] Steady[13] Maximum estimate; recently rediscovered.[13]
Brazilian merganser Mergus octosetaceus 50 – 249[14] CR[14] Decrease[14] Estimate is for mature individuals only; numbers may be higher.[14]
Campbell teal Anas nesiotis 150 – 300[15] EN[15] Increase[15]
Baer's pochard Aythya baeri 250 – 999[16] CR[16] Decrease[16]
White-winged duck Cairina scutulata 350 – 1500[17] EN[17] Decrease[17]
Laysan duck Anas laysanensis 521[18] CR[18] Increase[18]
Auckland teal Anas aucklandica 600 – 2000[19] VU[19] Steady[19] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[19]
Bernier's teal Anas bernieri 1500 – 2500[20] EN[20] Decrease[20]
Blue duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos 1800[21] EN[21] Decrease[21]
Brown teal Anas chlorotis 1900[22] NT[22] Increase[22]
Meller's duck Anas melleri 2000 – 5000[23] EN[23] Decrease[23]
Hawaiian duck Anas wyvilliana 2200[24] EN[24] Decrease[24]
Nene Branta sandvicensis 2500[25] VU[25] Increase[25]
Bronze-winged duck Speculanas specularis 2500 – 9999[26] NT[26] Steady[26]
Northern screamer Chauna chavaria 2500 – 9999[27] NT[27] Decrease[27]
Salvadori's teal Salvadorina waigiuensis 2500 – 20 000[28] VU[28] Decrease[28]
Scaly-sided merganser Mergus squamatus 3600 – 6800[29] EN[29] Decrease[29] Estimate is rough; further research needed.[29]
New Zealand scaup Aythya novaeseelandiae 5000 – 10 000[30] LC[30] Increase[30]
Philippine duck Anas luzonica 5000 – 10 000[31] VU[31] Decrease[31]
Chubut steamer duck Tachyeres leucocephalus 5300 – 5600[32] VU[32] Decrease[32]
White-headed duck Oxyura leucocephala 7 900 – 13 100[33] EN[33] Decrease[33]
Maccoa duck Oxyura maccoa 9 000 – 11 750[34] NT[34] Decrease[34]
Andean teal Anas andium 10 000 – 19 999[35] LC[35] Decrease[35]
Blue-winged goose Cyanochen cyanoptera 10 000 – 25 000[36] VU[36] Decrease[36]
Coscoroba swan Coscoroba coscoroba 10 000 – 25 000[37] LC[37] Steady[37]
Orinoco goose Neochen jubata 10 000 – 25 000[38] NT[38] Decrease[38] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[29]
Spotted whistling duck Dendrocygna guttata 10 000 – 25 000[39] LC[39] Steady[39]
Flying steamer duck Tachyeres patachonicus 11 000 – 26 000[40] LC[40] Decrease[40]
Freckled duck Stictonetta naevosa 11 000 – 26 000[41] LC[41] Steady[41]
White-backed duck Thalassornis leuconotus 12 000 – 28 000[42] LC[42] Decrease[42]
Cape Barren goose Cereopsis novaehollandiae 16 000 – 18 000[43] LC[43] Steady[43]
Blue-billed duck Oxyura australis 18 000[44] NT[44] Steady[44]
Hartlaub's duck Pteronetta hartlaubii 26 000 – 110 000[45] LC[45] Decrease[45]
Lesser white-fronted goose Anser erythropus 28 000 – 33 000[46] VU[46] Decrease[46]
Eaton's pintail Anas eatoni 31 200 – 41 400 [47] VU[47] Decrease[47] Has not been estimated since the 1980s; numbers have probably declined.[47]
Red-breasted goose Branta ruficollis 37 000[48] EN[48] Decrease[48] Minimum estimate.[48]
Ruddy-headed goose Chloephaga rubidiceps 43 000 – 82 000[49] LC[49] Decrease[49]
Marbled duck Marmaronetta angustirostris 50 000 – 55 000[50] VU[50] Decrease[50]
Masked duck Nomonyx dominicus 50 000 – 499 999[51] LC[51] Decrease[51]
Muscovy duck Cairina moschata 50 000 – 499 000[52] LC[52] Decrease[52]
Swan goose Anser cygnoides 60 000 – 90 000[53] VU[53] Decrease[53]
Mandarin duck Aix galericulata 65 000 – 66 000[54] LC[54] Decrease[54]
Emperor goose Chen canagica 85 000[55] NT[55] Decrease[55] Minimum estimate.[55]
Falcated duck Anas falcata 89 000[56] NT[56] Decrease[56] Minimum estimate.[56]
Black swan Cygnus atratus 100 000 – 1 000 000[57] LC[57] Steady[57]
Smew Mergellus albellus 130 000[58] LC[58] Decrease[58] Minimum estimate.[58]
Cotton pygmy goose Nettapus coromandelianus 130 000 – 1 100 000[59] LC[59] Steady[59]
Ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 170 000 – 220 000[60] LC[60] Unknown[60]
Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus 180 000[61] LC[61] Unknown[61] Minimum estimate.[61]
Pacific black duck Anas superciliosa 180 000 – 1 200 000 [62] LC[62] Unknown[62]
Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus 190 000 – 380 000[63] LC[63] Increase[63]
Lesser whistling duck Dendrocygna javanica 200 000 – 2 000 000[64] LC[64] Steady[64]
Surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata 250 000 – 1 300 000[65] LC[65] Decrease[65]
Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus 300 000[66] LC[66] Unknown[66] Minimum estimate.[66]
Spectacled eider Somateria fischeri 330 000 – 390 000[67] LC[67] Decrease[67]
Velvet scoter Melanitta fusca 380 000[68] EN[68] Decrease[68]
Red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator 510 000 – 610 000[69] LC[69] Steady[69]
Black scoter Melanitta americana 530 000 – 830 000[70] NT[70] Decrease[70]
Brant goose Branta bernicla 560 000[71] LC[71] Unknown[71] Minimum estimate.[71]
Common shelduck Tadorna tadorna 580 000 – 710 000[72] LC[72] Increase[72]
Mute swan Cygnus olor 600 000 – 610 000[73] LC[73] Increase[73]
West Indian whistling duck Dendrocygna arborea 600 000 – 610 000[74] VU[74] Increase[74]
White-winged scoter Melanitta stejnegeri 600 000 – 1 000 000[75] LC[75] Decrease[75]
King eider Somateria spectabilis 790 000 – 930 000[76] LC[76] Decrease[76]
Spot-billed duck Anas zonorhyncha 800 000 – 1 600 000[77] LC[77] Decrease[77]
Cackling goose Branta hutchinsii 920 000 – 1 400 000[78] LC[78] Unknown[78]
Magpie goose Anseranas semipalmata 1 000 000[79] LC[79] Steady[79]
Rosy-billed pochard Netta peposaca 1 000 000[80] LC[80] Increase[80]
Grey teal Anas gracilis 1 000 000 – 1 100 000[81] LC[81] Decrease[81]
Greylag goose Anser anser 1 000 000 – 1 100 000[82] LC[82] Increase[82]
Black-bellied whistling duck Dendrocygna autumnalis 1 100 000 – 2 000 000[83] LC[83] Increase[83]
Bufflehead Bucephala albeola 1 200 000[84] LC[84] Increase[84] Minimum estimate.[84]
Greater scaup Aythya marila 1 200 000 – 1 400 000[85] LC[85] Decrease[85]
Fulvous whistling duck Dendrocygna bicolor 1 300 000 – 1 500 000[86] LC[86] Decrease[86]
Common scoter Melanitta nigra 1 600 000[87] LC[87] Unknown[87]
Common merganser Mergus merganser 1 700 000 – 2 400 000[88] LC[88] Increase[88]
White-faced whistling duck Dendrocygna viduata 1 700 000 – 2 800 000[89] LC[89] Increase[89]
Common pochard Aythya ferina 2 200 000 – 2 500 000[90] LC[90] Decrease[90]
Common goldeneye Bucephala clangula 2 500 000 – 4 600 000[91] LC[91] Steady[91]
Garganey Anas querquedula 2 600 000 – 2 800 000[92] LC[92] Decrease[92]
Tufted duck Aythya fuligula 2 600 000 – 2 900 000[93] LC[93] Steady[93]
Eurasian wigeon Anas penelope 2 800 000 – 3 300 000[94] LC[94] Decrease[94]
Common eider Somateria mollissima 3 100 000 – 3 800 000[95] LC[95] Unknown[95]
Gadwall Anas strepera 3 200 000 – 3 800 000[96] LC[96] Unknown[96]
Northern pintail Anas acuta 5 300 000 – 5 400 000[97] LC[97] Decrease[97]
Northern shoveler Anas clypeata 5 500 000 – 6 000 000[98] LC[98] Decrease[98]
Long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis 6 200 000 – 6 800 000[99] VU[99] Decrease[99]
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 19 000 000[100] LC[100] Decrease[100] Minimum estimate.[100]

See also

References

  1. ^ United States Fish and Wildlife Service (20 July 2012). "Waterfowl Population Status, 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  2. ^ a b c d e BirdLife International (2012). "Tadorna cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  3. ^ IUCN (2001). "V. THE CRITERIA FOR CRITICALLY ENDANGERED, ENDANGERED AND VULNERABLE". Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  4. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Alopochen kervazoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  5. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Alopochen mauritianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  6. ^ Olson, Storrs L.; Jouventin, Pierre (February 1996). "A new species of small flightless duck from Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean (Anatidae: Anas)" (PDF). The Condor. 98 (1): 1–9. doi:10.2307/1369501. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  7. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Anas marecula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  8. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Anas theodori". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  9. ^ Amidon, Fred (23 Feb 2004). "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing the Mariana Mallard and the Guam Broadbill From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife" (PDF). Federal Register. 69 (34): 8116–8119. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  10. ^ "New Zealand Ecology: Teal". TerraNature Trust. 2010–2011. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  11. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Camptorhynchus labradorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  12. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  13. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya innotata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  14. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus octosetaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  15. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas nesiotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  16. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya baeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  17. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Cairina scutulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  18. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas laysanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  19. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Anas aucklandica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  20. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas bernieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  21. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  22. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas chlorotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  23. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas melleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  24. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas wyvilliana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  25. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Branta sandvicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  26. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Speculanas specularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  27. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Chauna chavaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  28. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Salvadorina waigiuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  29. ^ a b c d e BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus squamatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  30. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya novaeseelandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  31. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas luzonica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  32. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Tachyeres leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  33. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Oxyura leucocephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  34. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Oxyura maccoa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  35. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas andium". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  36. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Cyanochen cyanoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  37. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Coscoroba coscoroba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  38. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Neochen jubata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  39. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna guttata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  40. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Tachyeres patachonicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  41. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Stictonetta naevosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  42. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Thalassornis leuconotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  43. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Cereopsis novaehollandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  44. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Oxyura australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  45. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Pteronetta hartlaubii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  46. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anser erythropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  47. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Anas eatoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  48. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Branta ruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  49. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Chloephaga rubidiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  50. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Marmaronetta angustirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  51. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Nomonyx dominicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  52. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Cairina moschata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  53. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anser cygnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  54. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Aix galericulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  55. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Chen canagica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  56. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Anas falcata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  57. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Cygnus atratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  58. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Mergellus albellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  59. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Nettapus coromandelianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  60. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Tadorna ferruginea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  61. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Cygnus cygnus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  62. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas superciliosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  63. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Histrionicus histrionicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  64. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna javanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  65. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  66. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Cygnus columbianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  67. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Somateria fischeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  68. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta fusca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  69. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus octosetaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  70. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  71. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Branta bernicla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  72. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Tadorna tadorna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  73. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Cygnus olor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  74. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna arborea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  75. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta stejnegeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  76. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Somateria spectabilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  77. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas zonorhyncha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  78. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Branta hutchinsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  79. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anseranas semipalmata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  80. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Netta peposaca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  81. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas gracilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  82. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anser anser". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  83. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna autumnalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  84. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Bucephala albeola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  85. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya marila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  86. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  87. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta nigra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  88. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus merganser". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  89. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna viduata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  90. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya ferina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  91. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Bucephala clangula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  92. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas querquedula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  93. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya fuligula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  94. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas penelope". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  95. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Somateria mollissima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  96. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas strepera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  97. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas acuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  98. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Anas clypeata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  99. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Clangula hyemalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  100. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2012). "Anas platyrhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
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