List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom

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Gordon Brown was appointed Prime Minister in June 2007

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom and the Head of Her Majesty's Government. The office holder is responsible for selecting all other members of the government, chairing Cabinet meetings and deciding when to call a new general election for the House of Commons.[1][2] The Prime Minister can also make appointments to senior positions in the Church of England, appoint judges and propose the creation of new life peers.[3]

There is no specific date when the office of Prime Minister first appeared, as the role was not created but evolved over a period of time.[4] However, modern historians generally apply the title of "First" Prime Minister to Sir Robert Walpole, who lead the country for 21 years from 1721 to 1742.[5][6] As of 2008, Walpole is the longest serving Prime Minister of the country.[7]

Early Prime Ministers were appointed to a large extent on the whim of the reigning Monarch. Kings were able and often willing to overrule Parliament's attempts to remove a Prime Minister, as in the case of George III refusing to accept calls for the resignation of William Pitt "the Younger" after successive defeats in 1784 during the early months of his premiership.[8] Over time the strength of Parliament has waxed as the Monarch's has waned.[9] The only requirement of eligibility for a modern Prime Minister is to command a majority of the seats in the House of Commons, meaning that the Prime Minister is the leader of the largest party or largest coalition of parties within the House.[2]

As of November 2008, the office is held by Gordon Brown, the current Leader of the Labour Party.[10]

Colour key
(for political parties)

  Whig
  Tory
  Conservative
  Peelite/Whig
  Liberal
  Labour
  National Labour

18th century Prime Ministers

The title "Prime Minister" was first used in the Kingdom of Great Britain as a term of abuse for Robert Harley, a leading politician during the reign of Queen Anne.[11] However, modern historians generally apply the title of "First" Prime Minister to Sir Robert Walpole who was appointed by King George I in 1721.[7]

  Portrait Name Entered office Left office Political party Other ministerial offices held while Prime Minister Monarchs served Refs
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | Sir Robert Walpole
(from 1742 as Earl of Orford) 		4 April 1721 11 February 1742 Whig First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George I,
George II 		[12][7]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Earl of Wilmington 16 February 1742 2 July 1743 Whig First Lord of the Treasury George II [13]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | Henry Pelham 27 August 1743 6 March 1754 Whig First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George II [14]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Duke of Newcastle
(1st ministry) 		16 March 1754 16 November 1756 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George II [13]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Duke of Devonshire 16 November 1756 25 June 1757 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George II [13]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Duke of Newcastle
(2nd ministry) 		2 July 1757 26 May 1762 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George II,
George III 		[13]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | The Earl of Bute 26 May 1762 8 April 1763 Tory First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George III [15]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | George Grenville 16 April 1763 13 July 1765 Whig First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George III [16]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | File:Charles-Wentworth.jpg The Marquess of Rockingham
(1st ministry) 		13 July 1765 30 July 1766 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George III [17]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Earl of Chatham, "William Pitt the Elder" 30 July 1766 14 October 1768 Whig Lord Privy Seal George III [18]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Duke of Grafton 14 October 1768 28 January 1770 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George III [19]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | Lord North 28 January 1770 22 March 1782 Tory First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George III [20]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | File:Charles-Wentworth.jpg The Marquess of Rockingham
(2nd ministry) 		27 March 1782 1 July 1782 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George III [13]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Earl of Shelburne 4 July 1782 2 April 1783 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George III [13]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Duke of Portland
(1st ministry) 		2 April 1783 19 December 1783 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George III [13]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | William Pitt the Younger
(1st ministry) 		19 December 1783 14 March 1801 Tory First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George III [21]

19th century Prime Ministers

The 19th century began with the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland following the Act of Union between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland. As the century progressed, the power of Parliament increased; the Great Reform Act of 1832 led to a doubling of the number of eligible voters. Against the increasing electoral mandate of Parliament, the ability of the Monarch to influence the decisions of the Prime Minister was much reduced.[9]

  Portrait Name Entered office Left office Political party Other ministerial offices held while Prime Minister Monarchs served Refs
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | Henry Addington 17 March 1801 10 May 1804 Tory First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George III [13]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | William Pitt the Younger
(2nd ministry) 		10 May 1804 23 January 1806 Tory First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George III [13]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Lord Grenville 11 February 1806 31 March 1807 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George III [13]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | The Duke of Portland
(2nd ministry) 		31 March 1807 4 October 1809 Tory First Lord of the Treasury George III [13]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | Spencer Perceval 4 October 1809 11 May 1812 Tory First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George III [22]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | Lord Liverpool 8 June 1812 9 April 1827 Tory First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George III,
George IV 		[23]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | George Canning 10 April 1827 8 August 1827 Tory First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George IV [13]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | The Viscount Goderich 31 August 1827 21 January 1828 Tory First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George IV [13]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | The Duke of Wellington
(1st ministry) 		22 January 1828 16 November 1830 Tory First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		George IV,
William IV 		[13]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Earl Grey 22 November 1830 9 July 1834 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		William IV [24]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Viscount Melbourne
(1st ministry) 		16 July 1834 14 November 1834 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		William IV [25]
style="background-color: Template:Tory Party/meta/color" | The Duke of Wellington
(2nd ministry) 		14 November 1834 10 December 1834 Tory First Lord of the Treasury,
Secretary of State for the Home Department,
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
& Leader of the House of Lords 		William IV [26]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Sir Robert Peel
(1st ministry) 		10 December 1834 8 April 1835 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
& Leader of the House of Commons 		William IV [27][28]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Viscount Melbourne
(2nd ministry) 		18 April 1835 30 August 1841 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		William IV,
Victoria 		[29]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Sir Robert Peel
(2nd ministry) 		30 August 1841 29 June 1846 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		Victoria [30]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Lord John Russell
(1st ministry)
(afterwards PM as Earl Russell) 		30 June 1846 21 February 1852 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		Victoria [31]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | The Earl of Derby
(1st ministry) 		23 February 1852 17 December 1852 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		Victoria [32]
style="background-color: Template:Peelite/meta/color" | The Earl of Aberdeen 19 December 1852 30 January 1855 Peelite/Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		Victoria [33]
style="background-color: Template:British Whig Party/meta/color" | The Viscount Palmerston
(1st ministry) 		6 February 1855 19 February 1858 Whig First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		Victoria [34]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | The Earl of Derby
(2nd ministry) 		20 February 1858 11 June 1859 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		Victoria [35]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | The Viscount Palmerston
(2nd ministry) 		12 June 1859 18 October 1865 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		Victoria [36]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | The Earl Russell
(2nd ministry)
(previously PM as Lord John Russell) 		29 October 1865 26 June 1866 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		Victoria [37]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | The Earl of Derby
(3rd ministry) 		28 June 1866 25 February 1868 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Lords 		Victoria [38]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Benjamin Disraeli
(1st ministry) 		27 February 1868 1 December 1868 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		Victoria [39]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | William Ewart Gladstone
(1st ministry) 		3 December 1868 17 February 1874 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury,
Leader of the House of Commons
& Chancellor of the Exchequer (1873–1874) 		Victoria [40]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Benjamin Disraeli
(2nd ministry)
(from 1876 as Earl of Beaconsfield) 		20 February 1874 21 April 1880 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury,
Leader of the House of Commons (1874–1876),
Lord Privy Seal (1876–1878)
& Leader of the House of Lords (1876–1880) 		Victoria [41]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | William Ewart Gladstone
(2nd ministry) 		23 April 1880 9 June 1885 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury,
Leader of the House of Commons
& Chancellor of the Exchequer (1880–1882) 		Victoria [42]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | The Marquess of Salisbury
(1st ministry) 		23 June 1885 28 January 1886 Conservative Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
& Leader of the House of Lords 		Victoria [43]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | William Ewart Gladstone
(3rd ministry) 		1 February 1886 20 July 1886 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury,
Lord Privy Seal
& Leader of the House of Commons 		Victoria [44]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | The Marquess of Salisbury
(2nd ministry) 		25 July 1886 11 August 1892 Conservative Leader of the House of Lords,
First Lord of the Treasury (1886–1887)
& Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1887–1892) 		Victoria [45]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | William Ewart Gladstone
(4th ministry) 		15 August 1892 2 March 1894 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury,
Lord Privy Seal
& Leader of the House of Commons 		Victoria [46]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | The Earl of Rosebery 5 March 1894 22 June 1895 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury,
Lord President of the Council
& Leader of the House of Lords 		Victoria [47]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | The Marquess of Salisbury
(3rd ministry) 		25 June 1895 11 July 1902 Conservative Leader of the House of Lords,
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1895–1900)
& Lord Privy Seal (1900–1902) 		Victoria,
Edward VII 		[48]

20th century Prime Ministers

Though the head of the government had been referred to as "Prime Minister" since the 18th century, it wasn't until 1917 that the title was first recognised in legislation.[49] The Chequers Estate Act 1917, passed on 20 December 1917, designated Chequers as the "official country residence of the British Prime Minister".[50]

The jurisdiction of the Parliament of the United Kingdom changed in 1922 when, following the Anglo-Irish War, 26 counties in Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom, forming the Irish Free State.[51] The other six counties, in the northeast region of Ireland, remained in the Union, becoming Northern Ireland.[51] The official name of the United Kingdom became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927.[52]

  Portrait Name Entered office Left office Political party Other ministerial offices held while Prime Minister Monarchs served Refs
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Arthur Balfour 11 July 1902 5 December 1905 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		Edward VII [13]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman 5 December 1905 7 April 1908 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		Edward VII [13]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | H. H. Asquith 7 April 1908 7 December 1916 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury,
Leader of the House of Commons
& Secretary of State for War (1914) 		Edward VII,
George V 		[13]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" | David Lloyd George 7 December 1916 19 October 1922 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury George V [53]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Andrew Bonar Law 23 October 1922 20 May 1923 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George V [54]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Stanley Baldwin
(1st ministry) 		23 May 1923 16 January 1924 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury,
Leader of the House of Commons
& Chancellor of the Exchequer (1923) 		George V [55]
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Ramsay MacDonald
(1st ministry) 		22 January 1924 4 November 1924 Labour First Lord of the Treasury,
Leader of the House of Commons
& Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 		George V [56]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Stanley Baldwin
(2nd ministry) 		4 November 1924 5 June 1929 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George V [57]
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Ramsay MacDonald
(2nd ministry) 		5 June 1929 24 August 1931 Labour First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George V [58]
style="background-color: Template:National Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Ramsay MacDonald
(3rd ministry) 		24 August 1931 7 June 1935 National Labour (National Government) First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George V [59]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Stanley Baldwin
(3rd ministry) 		7 June 1935 28 May 1937 Conservative (National Government) First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George V,
Edward VIII,
George VI 		[60]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | File:Arthur-Neville-Chamberlain.jpg Neville Chamberlain 28 May 1937 10 May 1940 Conservative (National Government) First Lord of the Treasury
& Leader of the House of Commons 		George VI [13]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Winston Churchill
(1st ministry) 		10 May 1940 23 May 1945 Conservative (Coalition) First Lord of the Treasury,
Minister of Defence
& Leader of the House of Commons (1940–1942) 		George VI [61]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Winston Churchill
(2nd ministry) 		23 May 1945 26 July 1945 Conservative (Caretaker) First Lord of the Treasury
& Minister of Defence 		George VI [62]
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Clement Attlee 26 July 1945 26 October 1951 Labour First Lord of the Treasury
& Minister of Defence (1945–1946) 		George VI [63]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Winston Churchill
(3rd ministry) 		26 October 1951 7 April 1955 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Minister of Defence (1951–1952) 		George VI,
Elizabeth II 		[64]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | File:AREden.jpg Anthony Eden 7 April 1955 10 January 1957 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury Elizabeth II [65]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | File:Macmillan cph.3b40592.jpg Harold Macmillan 10 January 1957 19 October 1963 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury Elizabeth II [66]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Alec Douglas-Home 19 October 1963 16 October 1964 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury Elizabeth II [67]
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Harold Wilson
(1st ministry) 		16 October 1964 19 June 1970 Labour First Lord of the Treasury Elizabeth II [68]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Edward Heath 19 June 1970 4 March 1974 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury Elizabeth II [69]
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Harold Wilson
(2nd ministry) 		4 March 1974 5 April 1976 Labour First Lord of the Treasury Elizabeth II [70]
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | James Callaghan 5 April 1976 4 May 1979 Labour First Lord of the Treasury
& Minister for the Civil Service 		Elizabeth II [71][72]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | Margaret Thatcher 4 May 1979 28 November 1990 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Minister for the Civil Service 		Elizabeth II [73][74]
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | John Major 28 November 1990 2 May 1997 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury
& Minister for the Civil Service 		Elizabeth II [75][76]
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Tony Blair 2 May 1997 27 June 2007 Labour First Lord of the Treasury
& Minister for the Civil Service 		Elizabeth II [77][78]

21st century Prime Ministers

  Portrait Name Entered office Left office Political party Other ministerial offices held while Prime Minister Monarchs served Refs
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | Gordon Brown 27 June 2007 Incumbent Labour First Lord of the Treasury
& Minister for the Civil Service 		Elizabeth II [79]

See also

Timelines

References

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  2. ^ a b "Prime minister". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 16 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
  3. ^ "Glossary - Parliamentary Jargon Explained; Prime Minister". Parliament of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
  4. ^ Hennessy (2001), pp. 39–40
  5. ^ Clarke (1993), p. 266
  6. ^ Hennessy (2001), p. 39
  7. ^ a b c "Parties and Prime Ministers". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 19 May 1998. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  8. ^ Clarke (1993), p. 281
  9. ^ a b Hennessy (2001), p. 41
  10. ^ "Her Majesty's Government". Parliament of the United Kingdom. 2008-10-27. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
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  12. ^ Clarke (1993), p. 266
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "PMs through history". Telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group. 21 September 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  14. ^ "Leaders of the House; Henry Pelham". Office and Ministers. Office of the Leader of the House of Commons. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
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  19. ^ Thomas (2002), pp. 197–218
  20. ^ Clarke (1993), pp. 278–279
  21. ^ Clarke (1993), p. 281
  22. ^ Priestley (2002), p. 62
  23. ^ Priestley (2002), p. 65
  24. ^ Clarke (1993), pp. 293–294
  25. ^ Black (2006), p. 180
  26. ^ Anderson (1856), pp. 442–443
  27. ^ Black (2006), pp. 180–181
  28. ^ Clarke (1993), p. 294
  29. ^ Longford (1998), p. 63
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  33. ^ Longford (1998), p. 232
  34. ^ Longford (1998), p. 246
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  37. ^ Longford (1998), p. 346
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  50. ^ "Chequers Estate Act 1917". UK Statute Law Database. Ministry of Justice. 20 December 1917. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
  51. ^ a b "1921-22: The Irish Free State and civil war". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 March 1999. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
  52. ^ "Royal And Parliamentary Titles Act 1927". Office of Public Sector Information. 12 April 1927. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
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  55. ^ Rose (1983), p. 272
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  60. ^ Rose (1983), p. 398
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  65. ^ Hennessy (2001), p. 207
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  76. ^ "'John Major? Who's he?' asks Thatcher". The Independent. Newspaper Publishing PLC. 6 August 1995. Retrieved 2008-10-13.
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  78. ^ "The Blair Years: 1997-2007". Telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group. 28 June 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-13.
  79. ^ Summers, Deborah (27 June 2007). "Brown declared prime minister". guardian.co.uk. Guardian News & Media. Retrieved 2008-10-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Bibliography

External links

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