List of Southern Unionists
Appearance
In the United States, Southern Unionists were white Southerners living in the Confederate States of America opposed to secession. Many fought for the Union during the Civil War. These people are also referred to as Southern Loyalists, Union Loyalists,[1] or Lincoln's Loyalists.[2] Pro-Confederates in the South derided them as "Tories" (in reference to the pro-Crown Loyalists of the American Revolution). During Reconstruction, these terms were replaced by "scalawag" (or "scallywag"), which covered all Southern whites who supported the Republican Party.
Prominent Southern Unionists
[edit]- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Florida
- Georgia
- George W. Ashburn
- Foster Blodgett
- John M. Cuyler
- Joshua Hill[6]
- Montgomery C. Meigs[3]
- James M. Wayne
- Kentucky
- George Madison Adams
- Robert Anderson[7]
- Francis Preston Blair Jr.
- Thomas E. Bramlette[8]
- Joseph Cabell Breckinridge Sr.
- Robert Jefferson Breckinridge[9]
- Samuel L. Casey
- Cassius Clay
- John J. Crittenden
- Thomas Leonidas Crittenden
- Garrett Davis
- George W. Dunlap
- Henry Grider
- Aaron Harding
- John Marshall Harlan[10]
- Joseph Holt[11][12]
- James S. Jackson
- Robert Mallory
- John W. Menzies
- James Speed
- Joshua Fry Speed[13]
- William H. Wadsworth
- Louisiana
- W. Jasper Blackburn
- John Edward Bouligny[14]
- Benjamin Flanders
- Michael Hahn
- Theodore G. Hunt
- Philip H. Morgan
- James Madison Wells[3]
- Mississippi
- North Carolina
- Elisha Baxter
- John Baxter
- Henry H. Bell
- John Gibbon
- William Woods Holden[17]
- Alexander H. Jones
- Alexander McRae
- John Pool[18]
- Fabius Stanly
- William Brickly Stokes
- John A. Winslow
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Samuel Mayes Arnell
- George Washington Bridges
- James Patton Brownlow
- John Bell Brownlow
- William Gannaway Brownlow[21]
- Roderick R. Butler
- Alfred Cate
- James P. T. Carter
- Samuel P. Carter
- William B. Carter
- Andrew Jackson Clements
- William Crutchfield[22]
- Emerson Etheridge[23]
- David Farragut[24]
- Fielding Hurst[25]
- Andrew Johnson[26]
- George Washington Kirk
- Gaines Lawson
- Horace Maynard
- William McFarland
- James Mullins
- Thomas Amos Rogers Nelson[27]
- James G. Spears
- Nathaniel Green Taylor
- Oliver Perry Temple
- Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh
- Daniel C. Trewhitt
- John Trimble
- William H. Wisener
- Texas
- Edmund J. Davis
- Edward Degener[28]
- Thomas H. DuVal[29]
- Lemuel D. Evans
- J. W. Flanagan
- Andrew Jackson Hamilton[30]
- Morgan C. Hamilton
- John Hancock
- John L. Haynes
- Sam Houston[31][32]
- Elisha M. Pease[33]
- Virginia
- John Minor Botts[34]
- Lemuel J. Bowden
- John S. Carlile[35]
- Philip St. George Cooke
- Samuel Phillips Lee
- Ebenezer E. Mason
- Samuel C. Means
- Lewis McKenzie
- Winfield Scott[3]
- Joseph Segar
- Franklin Stearns
- William Terrill
- George Henry Thomas
- Charles H. Upton
- Elizabeth Van Lew
- West Virginia
References
[edit]- ^ a b Philip B. Lyons, Statesmanship and Reconstruction: Moderate Versus Radical Republicans on Restoring the Union After the Civil War (Lexington Books, 2014), p. 262: "Hart was one of the first native white Union Loyalists to speak out in favor of black suffrage and equal rights."
- ^ Richard Nelson Current, Lincoln's Loyalists: Union Soldiers from the Confederacy (Northeastern University Press: 1992).
- ^ a b c d Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1998
- ^ Rogan Kersh. Dreams of a More Perfect Union, p. 194
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 74.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 644.
- ^ Gary Matthews, More American Than Southern Kentucky, Slavery, and the War for an American Ideology, 1828-1861 (University of Tennessee, 2014), p. 1: "Anderson ... was a staunch unionist."
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 270.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 279.
- ^ Lowell H. Harrison & James C. Klotter, A New History of Kentucky (University Press of Kentucky: 1997), p. 257.
- ^ Daniel W. Crofts, ‘Joseph Holt: Union Man’ (May 30, 2011). New York Times.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1990.
- ^ Kirk C. Jenkins, The Battle Rages Higher: The Union's Fifteenth Kentucky Infantry. University Press of Kentucky, 2003: p. 8.
- ^ Currie, David P. (2007). The Constitution in Congress: Descent into the Maelstrom, 1829-1861. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-226-13116-0. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
- ^ Scarborough, William Kauffman (2006). Masters of the Big House: Elite Slaveholders of the Mid-nineteenth-century South. Louisiana State University Press. p. 237. ISBN 0-8071-2882-1. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
- ^ William W. Freehling, The South Vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War (Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 145.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1998.
- ^ Biography of John Pool (1826-1884). digital.lib.ecu. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 819.
- ^ Susan Wyley-Jones. ‘Petigru, James Louis.’ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002), eds. David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, and David J. Coles. W. W. Norton: p. 1504-05.
- ^ Edward R. Crowther. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002), eds. David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, and David J. Coles. W. W. Norton: p. 298-9.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 417.
- ^ Lonnie Maness, Henry Emerson Etheridge, Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 22 April 2014.
- ^ Spencer C. Tucker, The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia (Vol. 1: ABC-CLIO, 2011), pp. 183-84.
- ^ Derek W. Frisby. ‘Forrest, Nathan Bedford.’ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War (2002), eds. David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, and David J. Coles. W. W. Norton: p. 721.
- ^ Paul Bergeron, Andrew Johnson, Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 3 May 2013.
- ^ Thomas Alexander, ‘Strange Bedfellows: The Interlocking Careers of T.A.R. Nelson, Andrew Johnson, and W.G. (Parson) Brownlow,’ East Tennessee Historical Society Publications, No. 24 (1952), pp. 68-91.
- ^ James Marten, Texas Divided: Loyalty and Dissent in the Lone Star State, 1856-1874 (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), pp. 115-16.
- ^ James Marten, Texas Divided: Loyalty and Dissent in the Lone Star State, 1856-1874 (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), pp. 69-70.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 300.
- ^ Dale Baum. The Shattering of Texas Unionism: Politics in the Lone Star State During the Civil War Era (1998). LSU Press: p. 87.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1936.
- ^ James Marten, Texas Divided: Loyalty and Dissent in the Lone Star State, 1856-1874 (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), pp. 70, 132.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 254.
- ^ a b c d e f Otis K. Rice & Stephen W. Brown, West Virginia: A History (University Press of Kentucky: 2d ed. 1993), p. 154: "Unconditional Unionists, such as Arthur I. Boreman, Archibald W. Campbell, Waitman T. Willey, and Chester D. Hubbard, were ready to accept emancipation of slaves, imposed by Congress, and wartime proscriptions, including suspension of habeas corpus, of the Lincoln administration in return for statehood. Conservative Unionists, including John S. Carlile, Sherrard Clemens, John J. Jackson, and John J. Davis, would jeopardize statehood rather than bow to a government that they perceived as dictatorial and abolitionist."
- ^ Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, p. 1522.