Main Guard (Valletta)
| Main Guard | |
|---|---|
 The Main Guard | |
 | |
| Former names | Guardia della Piazza |
| General information | |
| Status | Intact |
| Type | Guardhouse |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| Location | Valletta, Malta |
| Coordinates | 35°53′57.4″N 14°30′48.4″E / 35.899278°N 14.513444°E |
| Current tenants | Heritage Malta |
| Completed | 1603 |
| Renovated | 1814 (portico added) |
| Technical details | |
| Material | Limestone |
| Renovating team | |
| Architect(s) | Giorgio Pullicino or George Whitmore (portico, attributed) |
The Main Guard, originally called the Guardia della Piazza, is a building in Valletta, Malta, located in the square facing the Grandmaster's Palace in the city centre. It was originally built as a guardhouse in 1603 by the Order of St. John, and it remained in use after the British took over Malta in 1800. A Neoclassical portico was added in 1814, and a British coat of arms and a commemorative inscription were installed later on above the portico. These have become one of the main symbols of British rule in Malta. The building used to house the Office of the Attorney General.
History
[edit]
The Main Guard building was built in 1603 to house the Regimento di Guardia, the personal guards of the Grand Master of the Order of St. John. It was built in the square facing the Grandmaster's Palace.[1] The building's original form without the portico is visible in a painting dating back to the French occupation of Malta.[2]
In 1814, a neoclassical portico was added to the Main Guard by the British,[3] during the governorship of Sir Thomas Maitland. Early paintings from the first few years of British rule in Malta show the building with the portico, as well as three trophies on its roof.[4] Some time later, the trophies were removed, and a relief of the British coat of arms was added above the portico, with the following Latin inscription below it:[1][5]
magnæ et invictæ britanniae
melitensium amor et europae vox
has insulas confirmat a.d. 1814
(meaning The love of the Maltese and the voice of Europe assigned these Islands to great and unconquered Britain. A.D. 1814)
The portico was designed in the Greek Revival style, hence neoclassic, and is among the first of this design in the country.[6] The design of the portico is attributed either to the Maltese architect Giorgio Pullicino, or to Colonel George Whitmore of the Royal Engineers. The sculpted coat of arms was probably the work of Vincenzo Dimech.[7] The portico, coat of arms and inscription are considered to be one of the most iconic symbols of British rule in Malta.[4]
The British continued to use the building to house the guards of the Governor of Malta, who resided in the Grandmaster's Palace. Life in the Main Guard was quite boring, and many soldiers painted or carved regimental badges or other things on the walls of the building.[8] In 1851, the original coat of arms and inscription had deteriorated to such an extent that they had to be removed and replaced. The new coat of arms was a replica of the original arms of King George III, and not that of the then-reigning monarch Queen Victoria.[4]
In 1974, the building was converted into the Libyan Cultural Centre, and the British coat of arms and inscription were covered in a zinc and plywood box bearing an Arabic inscription. The Libyan Cultural Centre moved elsewhere after the change of government in 1987, and the coat of arms was once again uncovered. The Main Guard subsequently became an annex of the Office of the Attorney General until it was eventually transferred to Heritage Malta for restoration.
In 2009, the inscription and coat of arms were restored once again as part of the regeneration of St. George's Square, but this resulted in a number of spelling errors within the inscription.[4] In 2015, there were plans to transfer the Valletta Local Council into the Main Guard, but they were never implemented.[9] The building is now under Heritage Malta's wing and is currently undergoing restoration. Once complete, it will serve as an interpretation center for all Heritage Malta sites in the capital city.
Layout
[edit]The building's façade has a single floor, but the rear part of the building, which is located in Strait Street, has three floors. This is due to a difference between the levels of the streets.[1]
Further reading
[edit]- Malta p. 102
- The Main Guard and Its Murals
- Morana, Martin (2011). Bejn Kliem u Storja (in Maltese). Malta: Books Distributors Limited. ISBN 978-99957-0137-6. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
- Bonello, Giovanni (18 June 2010). The Latin inscription on Main Guard. Times of Malta.
- Valletta – vibrant city of many styles
- The Maltese Nobility in Maltese History
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "The Main Guard and the Chancellery - Valletta" (PDF). Maltese Newsletter (62): 12. 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ "St. George's Square". maltain360.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017.
- ^ "Architecture in Malta under the British". culturemalta.org. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b c d Bonello, Giovanni (14 January 2018). "Mysteries of the Main Guard inscription". Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018.
- ^ Bonney, Thomas George (1907). The Mediterranean: Its Storied Cities and Venerable Ruins. University of Michigan: J. Pott. p. 283. ISBN 1-4655-7163-9.
Main guard.
- ^ Bianco, Lino (1995). "Valletta: A city in history" (PDF). Melita Theologica. 60 (2). University of Malta: 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2018.
- ^ Ellul, Michael (1982). "Art and architecture in Malta in the early nineteenth century" (PDF). Proceedings of History Week: 9–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 April 2016.
- ^ "Products Of boredom". The Malta Independent. 19 April 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ Diacono, Tim (17 July 2015). "Previous government wanted Main Guard for Valletta local council". Malta Today. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
