Musavat (newspaper)

Musavat
Type	Weekly newspaper
Founder(s)	Sayyid Muhammad Riza Shirazi
Founded	3 October 1907
Language	Persian
Ceased publication	1909
Headquarters	Tabriz
Country	Iran
	Media of Iran; List of newspapers;

Musavat (Mosāwāt; Persian: Equality) was a weekly newspaper being one of the publications that were started following the Iranian constitutional revolution.^[1] It is known for being the most radical title^[1] and was one of the most successful publications of this period.^[2] The paper headquartered in Tabriz and existed between 1907 and 1909.

History and profile

Musavat was first published on 3 October 1907.^[3] Its founder and editor was Sayyid Muhammad Riza Shirazi who was a member of the secret organization, Revolutionary Committee, established to encourage the constitutional rule in Iran.^[2]^[4]

Musavat was based in Tabriz and had also offices in Tehran.^[5] It was published on a weekly basis.^[1] The paper was a supporter of the constitutionalism and argued that the constitutional rule would bring freedom to the country.^[1] It frequently attacked the Qajar ruler Mohammad Ali Shah.^[2]^[3] It was extremely popular among the poor people and women due to its focus on the needs of these groups.^[1]

Musavat sold nearly 3,000 copies.^[2] The paper ceased publication in 1909,^[5] and Sayyid Muhammad Riza Musavat went into exile following the end of the constitutional regime.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Negin Nabavi (2005). "Spreading the Word: Iran's First Constitutional Press and the Shaping of a 'New Era'". Middle East Critique. 14 (3): 310, 319–320. doi:10.1080/10669920500280656. S2CID 144228247.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ali Akabr Saidi Sirjani (15 December 1992). "Constitutional revolution. Press". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VI. pp. 202–212.
^ ^a ^b Iago Gocheleishvili (February 2007). "Georgian Sources on the Iranian Constitutional Revolution (1905-1911): Sergo Gamdlishvili's Memoirs of the Gilan Resistance". Iranian Studies. 40 (1): 60. doi:10.1080/00210860601138632. JSTOR 4311875. S2CID 153631653.
^ Ervand Abrahamian (1979). "The Causes of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 10 (3): 408. doi:10.1017/S0020743800000179. JSTOR 162146. S2CID 162341446.
^ ^a ^b Nader Sohrabi (May 1995). "Historicizing Revolutions: Constitutional Revolutions in the Ottoman Empire, Iran, and Russia, 1905-1908". American Journal of Sociology. 100 (6): 1447. doi:10.1086/230667. JSTOR 2782676. S2CID 144939087.

[negnab-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Negin Nabavi (2005). "Spreading the Word: Iran's First Constitutional Press and the Shaping of a 'New Era'". Middle East Critique. 14 (3): 310, 319–320. doi:10.1080/10669920500280656. S2CID 144228247.

[said-2] Ali Akabr Saidi Sirjani (15 December 1992). "Constitutional revolution. Press". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VI. pp. 202–212.

[iago-3] Iago Gocheleishvili (February 2007). "Georgian Sources on the Iranian Constitutional Revolution (1905-1911): Sergo Gamdlishvili's Memoirs of the Gilan Resistance". Iranian Studies. 40 (1): 60. doi:10.1080/00210860601138632. JSTOR 4311875. S2CID 153631653.

[4] Ervand Abrahamian (1979). "The Causes of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 10 (3): 408. doi:10.1017/S0020743800000179. JSTOR 162146. S2CID 162341446.

[nader-5] Nader Sohrabi (May 1995). "Historicizing Revolutions: Constitutional Revolutions in the Ottoman Empire, Iran, and Russia, 1905-1908". American Journal of Sociology. 100 (6): 1447. doi:10.1086/230667. JSTOR 2782676. S2CID 144939087.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]