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NEEMO

Coordinates: 24°57′00″N 80°27′13″W / 24.95000°N 80.45361°W / 24.95000; -80.45361
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NEEMO Program
File:NEEMO Seal.png
NEEMO Program Seal

Aquarius Reef Base Seal
Duration2001-present
Goal"To see what extreme environmental challenges astronauts may face in space, and to form solutions by using the ocean, as an equivalent environment on earth"
OrganizationNASA, NOAA, Aquarius Reef Base
Websiteaquarius.uncw.edu
External view of the Aquarius Reef Base

NEEMO, an acronym for NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations, is a NASA program for studying human survival in the Aquarius underwater laboratory in preparation for future space exploration.[1]

Aquarius, an underwater habitat located near Key Largo, Florida, is owned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and operated by the National Undersea Research Center (NURC) at the University of North Carolina–Wilmington as a marine biology study base. Located roughly 62 feet underwater,[2] NASA has used it since 2001 for a series of missions, usually lasting 10 to 14 days, with research conducted by astronauts and other NASA employees. The crew members are called aquanauts instead of "divers", and they perform EVAs in the underwater environment.[1] Groups of NASA employees and contractors live in Aquarius for up to three weeks at a time. For NASA, Aquarius provides an environment similar to space living, and NEEMO crew members experience some of the same tasks and challenges underwater as they would in space.[1]

Missions

NEEMO 1: October 21–27, 2001

Floorplan of Aquarius.
The first NEEMO crew, L-R: in front, Mike López-Alegría and Bill Todd, in back, Mike Gernhardt and Dave Williams

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 2: May 13–20, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 3: July 15–21, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

  • Byron Croker
  • Michael Smith

NEEMO 4: September 23–27, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 5 crew members are pictured in the bunkroom aboard the Aquarius research habitat. Top, L-R: Reisman, Hwang; Middle: Whitson, Anderson; Bottom: Talacek, Snow.

NEEMO 5: June 16–29, 2003

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 6: July 12–21, 2004

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 7: October 11–21, 2004

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 8: April 20–22, 2005

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 9: April 3–20, 2006

The NEEMO 9 crew: Left to right (rear): Broderick, Williams; front: Stott, Garan.

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 10: July 22–28, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 11: September 16–22, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

  • Larry Ward
  • Roger Garcia

NEEMO 12: May 7–18, 2007

NEEMO 12 aquanaut Broderick works with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), called Scuttle.

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 13: August 6–15, 2007

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

NURC Support Crew:

NEEMO 14: May 10–23, 2010

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

NEEMO 15: October 20–26, 2011

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

DeepWorker 2000 submersible crew:

NEEMO 16: June 11–22, 2012

The NEEMO 16 crew: Left to right: Peake, Squyres, Brown, Yui, Metcalf-Lindenburger; inside habitat: Talacek.

NASA Aquanaut Crew:

Aquarius Reef Base support crew:

DeepWorker 2000 submersible crew:

References

  1. ^ a b c NASA (March 21, 2006). "NEEMO History". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  2. ^ "Deep Sea News". Deep Sea News. Retrieved March 03, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e NASA (February 27, 2006). "Behind the Scenes: Training - NEEMO History". NASA. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  4. ^ NASA (June 2011). "Astronaut Bio: Edward Michael "Mike" Fincke (06/2011)". NASA. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  5. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
  6. ^ Walheim, Rex (September 24, 2002). "NEEMO 4 Journals". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  7. ^ NOAA (May 17, 2010). "NEEMO 4 Journals". NOAA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  8. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  9. ^ NASA (2003). "NEEMO 5". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  10. ^ "Aquarius - First Space Station Science Officer Leads Crew of Four NASA Aquanauts On 14-Day NOAA Aquarius Undersea Mission". University of North Carolina Wilmington. May 17, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  11. ^ Whitson, Peggy (June 19, 2003). "NEEMO 5 Journals". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  12. ^ NASA (August 3, 2004). "NEEMO 6". NASA. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
  13. ^ NASA (September 6, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
  14. ^ NASA (October 13, 2004). "NEEMO 7". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  15. ^ Canadian Space Agency (August 9, 2004). "CSA - Neemo 7 Mission". Canadian Space Agency. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  16. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  17. ^ NOAA (May 18, 2010). "NEEMO 8". University of North Carolina Wilmington. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
  18. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
  19. ^ NASA (2006). "NASA's Undersea Crew is Heads Above Water". NASA. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  20. ^ NASA (April 3, 2006). "NASA's NEEMO 9 Aquanaut Human Performance Study Begins". NASA. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
  21. ^ NASA (2006). "NASA Uses Undersea Lab to Prep for Future Space Exploration". NASA. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  22. ^ NASA (July 22, 2006). "NASA - NEEMO 10 Mission Journal". NASA. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  23. ^ NASA (May 11, 2010). "NEEMO 11". NASA. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
  24. ^ NASA (September 1, 2006). "NASA Continues Space Exploration Research With Undersea Lab". NASA. Retrieved November 8, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  25. ^ NASA (May 17, 2007). "NEEMO 12". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  26. ^ NEEMO 12 Topside Team (May 6, 2007). "NASA - NEEMO 12 Topside Journal". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ NASA (July 24, 2007). "NASA Announces Next Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crew". NASA. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
  28. ^ Topside Team (August 8, 2007). "NEEMO 13 Topside Report - Training Week". NURC. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
  29. ^ NASA (July 9, 2010). "NASA - NEEMO 14". NASA. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  30. ^ Alexander, Aaron (2010). "Archive for the 'NEEMO 14' Mission". NURC. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  31. ^ NASA (May 7, 2010). "NASA - NEEMO 14 Topside Report No. 1, May 7, 2010". NASA. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  32. ^ a b NASA (September 19, 2011). "NASA - NASA Announces 15th Undersea Exploration Mission Date And Crew". NASA. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  33. ^ NASA (October 27, 2011). "NASA - NEEMO 15 Topside Reports". NASA. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  34. ^ NASA (April 16, 2012). "NASA - NASA Announces 16th Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crews". NASA. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  35. ^ Peake, Tim (April 29, 2012). "NEEMO 16 - In search of an asteroid". European Space Agency. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
  36. ^ The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team (June 12, 2012). "NEEMO 16 Mission Day 2 - Status Report" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  37. ^ Love, Stan (June 17, 2012). "Dr. Love's Underwater Blog: NEEMO 16". NASA. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  38. ^ Squyres, Steve (June 17, 2012). "NEEMO 16: EVA Divers and Subs". NASA. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  39. ^ Love, Stan (June 18, 2012). "Dr. Love's Underwater Blog: Mobility and Stability with DeepWorkers". NASA. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  40. ^ Stevenin, Hervé (June 19, 2012). "The NEEMO 16 Aquanauts meet the Men in Black". Yahoo! Inc. Retrieved July 13, 2012.

24°57′00″N 80°27′13″W / 24.95000°N 80.45361°W / 24.95000; -80.45361

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