Nidzica

Nidzica
Teutonic castle in Nidzica
Coat of arms
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Warmian-Masurian
County	Nidzica County
Gmina	Gmina Nidzica
Town rights	1381
Government
• Mayor	Dariusz Szypulski
Area
• Total	6.86 km2 (2.65 sq mi)
Population  (2006)
• Total	14,761
• Density	2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	13-100
Area code	+48 89
Car plates	NNI
Website	http://www.nidzica.pl/

Nidzica [ɲiˈd͡ʑit͡sa] (former Template:Audio-de; formerly Nibork in Polish) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland, between Olsztyn and Mława. It has a population of 14,798 (2004). It is the capital of Nidzica County.

History

The settlement was founded in 1355 by the Teutonic Knights and received town privileges in 1381 from Winrich von Kniprode. Although a member of the Prussian Confederation, it remained with the Teutonic Order after the Second Peace of Thorn (1466). It then became part of the Duchy of Prussia after the secularization of the Order's Prussian territories in 1525.

In 1656 Neidenburg was unsuccessfully besieged during the Northern Wars. The town became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. Half of Neidenburg's inhabitants died from plague from 1708-1711. It became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany.

At the beginning of World War I in 1914, Neidenburg was heavily damaged by invading Imperial Russian troops; the town was reconquered and rebuilt by the Germans after the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914.

As a result of the Treaty of Versailles, the East Prussian plebiscite was organized under the control of the League of Nations on 11 July 1920. The votes were 98.54% for remaining in Prussia and 1.46% for joining Poland.

During the Kristallnacht riots in November 1938, the synagogue was destroyed and two Jewish inhabitants, Julius Naftali and Minna Zack, were killed by Nazi SA members, while several others were injured. The surviving members of the Jewish congregation were deported and killed in the Holocaust during World War II.

Neidenburg was the seat of a district in East Prussia until 1945; in that year the Red Army entered and occupied the town while pursuing the retreating Wehrmacht. While many if not most German civilians had fled the area, many of those who remained experienced atrocities at the hands of Soviet soldiers who found themselves on German soil for the first time. Lev Kopelev, a Soviet officer and later dissident, described how he was appalled by the acts of murder and looting against those who remained. In the post-war settlement, Neidenburg fell within the area of East Prussia granted to Poland, and the remaining German population was expelled. Rather than being renamed to the traditional Polish name Nibork, the town received a new name, Nidzica.

Monuments

• Nidzica castle from 1370s
• 14th-century church
• 19th-century buildings, including the city hall and granary
• Jewish cemetery (19th-20th centuries)

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — Sister cities

Nidzica is twinned with:

• Bochum (Germany)

Notable residents

See also: Category:People from Nidzica County and Category:People from East Prussia

• Ferdinand Gregorovius (1821–1891)
• Bethel Henry Strousberg (1823–1884), industrialist
• Georg Klebs (1857–1918), botanist
• Heinrich Lissauer (1861–1891), neurologist
• Walter Kollo (1878–1940), musician
• Jürgen Nicolai (1925), ornithologist (de)
• Heinz Lilienthal (1927) (de)
• Heinz Koriath (1952) (de)
• Adam Partyka (1985), musician-drummer

External links

• Nidzica.com English City Portal Template:En icon
• Municipal webpage Template:Pl icon
• Photos and crest of pre-WWII Neidenburg Template:De icon

References

• Kopelev, Lev (1977). No Jail For Thought. London: Secker & Warburg. pp. 39–41. ISBN 0-436-23640-0.