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Ormosia

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For the chioneine crane fly genus, see Ormosia (insect).

Ormosia
Seeds of Ormosia minor
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Tribe:
Ormosieae[1]
Genus:
Ormosia

Jacks. nom. cons.
Species

129–154; see text

Synonyms[2]
  • Anatropostylia (Plitmann) Kupicha
  • Fedorouia (lapsus)
  • Fedorovia Yakovlev
  • Layia Hook. & Arn. (non Hook. & Arn. ex DC.: nom. rej.)
  • Macrotropis DC.
  • Macroule Pierce
  • Ormosiopsis Ducke
  • Placolobium Miq.
  • Podopetalum F.Muell.
  • Ruddia Yakovlev
  • Toulichiba Adans. nom. rej.
  • Trichocyamos Yakovlev

Ormosia is a genus of legumes (family Fabaceae). The more than 100 living species, mostly trees or large shrubs, are distributed throughout the tropical regions of the world, some extending into temperate zones, especially in East Asia. A few species are threatened by habitat destruction, while the Hainan Ormosia (Ormosia howii) is probably extinct already.

Plants in this genus are commonly known as horse-eye beans or simply ormosias, and in Spanish by the somewhat ambiguous term "chocho". The scientific name Ormosia is a nomen conservandum, overruling Toulichiba which is formally rejected under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.[2]

The seeds of these plants are poisonous if eaten, but often look pretty, with bright colors and decorative patterns reminiscent of an eye; the common name "horse-eye beans" refers to these seeds. They resemble the seeds of Abrus, snoutbeans (Rhynchosia), and Adenanthera, but are much larger than the former two. In particular those of Ormosia coccinea are often used for jewelry and other decorative purposes, or as good luck charms. The seeds float and are occasionally found as "sea beans".

Otherwise, Ormosia wood is used as timber or firewood. Some species, for example Ormosia nobilis, are also used in folk medicine.[3]

Species

Ormosia comprises the following species:[4][5][6]

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:[6][verification needed]

  • Ormosia apiculata H.Y. Chen
  • Ormosia carinata N.Zamora
  • Ormosia clementis Merr.
  • Ormosia dubia Prain
  • Ormosia esquirolii H.Lév.
  • Ormosia floribunda Wall.
  • Ormosia friburgensis Taub. ex Harms
  • Ormosia galericulata C.H. Stirt.
  • Ormosia howii Merr. & Chun
  • Ormosia indurata H.Y. Chen
  • Ormosia inflata Merr. & Chun
  • Ormosia longipes H.Y. Chen
  • Ormosia microphylla Merr.
  • Ormosia monophylla (Harms) Stapf
  • Ormosia nanningensis H.Y. Chen
  • Ormosia olivacea H.Y. Chen
  • Ormosia pachyptera H.Y. Chen
  • Ormosia panamensis Benth. ex Seem.
  • Ormosia pingbianensis M. Cheng & R.H. Chang
  • Ormosia purpureiflora H.Y. Chen
  • Ormosia ridleyi King
  • Ormosia sericeolucida H.Y. Chen
  • Ormosia simplicifolia Merr. & Chun
  • Ormosia vagraja C.H. Stirt.
  • Ormosia xylocarpa Chun ex Merr. & H.Y. Chen
  • Placolobium ellipticum N.D. Khoi & Yakovlev[12]
  • Placolobium vietnamense N.D. Khoi & Yakovlev[12]
  • Placolobium watsonii (C. Fischer) Yakovlev[12]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ormosia (Fabaceae).
  1. ^ Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk B-E, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M. (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (5 Oct 2007). "GRIN record for genus Ormosia". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 24 Dec 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Marín-Corba C, Cárdenas-López D, Suárez-Suárez S. (2005). "Utilidad del valor de uso en etnobotánica. Estudio en el departamento de Putumayo (Colombia)" (PDF). Caldasia. 27 (1): 89–101. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Ormosia". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  5. ^ USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Ormosia". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 22 May 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ a b "The Plant List entry for Ormosia". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  7. ^ Meireles JE, de Lima HC. (2013). "A new species of Ormosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Sophoreae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest". Phytotaxa. 143 (1): 54–60. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.143.1.3.
  8. ^ a b Cardoso DBOS, Stirton CH, Torke BM. (2014). "Taxonomy of South American Ormosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae): Recircumscription of O. costulata, reinstatement of O. trifoliolata, and the new species O. lewisii from the Brazilian Atlantic forest". Syst Bot. 39 (4): 1132–1141. doi:10.1600/036364414X683903.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Cardoso DBOS, de Queiroz LP. (2010). "Ormosia limae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae): A New Species from the Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil". Syst Bot. 35 (2): 272–276. doi:10.1600/036364410791638441.
  10. ^ Aymard GA, Sanoja E. (2012). "A New Species of Ormosia (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Sophoreae) from the Guayana Shield, Bolivar State, Venezuela". Harvard Pap Bot. 17 (2): 275–279. doi:10.3100/025.017.0206.
  11. ^ Cardoso DBOS, Meireles JE, de Lima HC. (2009). "A remarkable new species of Ormosia (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Sophoreae) from Bahian Atlantic Rain Forest, Brazil". Brittonia. 61 (1): 22–27. doi:10.1007/s12228-008-9051-y.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ a b c These three are accepted species, but have yet to be formally transferred to Ormosia.
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