Our Lady of Kibeho
| Our Lady of Kibeho | |
|---|---|
| Location | Kibeho Rwanda, Africa |
| Date | 1980s |
| Witness | Alphonsine Mumureke Anathalie Mukamazimpaka Marie Claire Mukangango |
| Type | Marian apparition |
| Approval | Approved by Bishop Augustin Misago |
| Shrine | Kibeho, Rwanda |
Our Lady of Kibeho is the name given to Marian apparitions concerning several adolescents, in the 1980s in Kibeho, south-western Rwanda. The apparitions communicated various messages to the schoolchildren, including an apocalyptic vision of Rwanda descending into violence and hatred, possibly foretelling the 1994 Rwandan Genocide.[1]
In 2001, the local bishop of the Catholic Church officially recognised the visions of three schoolchildren as authentic.[2]
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Apparitions
Kibeho is a small site located in the southern part of Rwanda. The Kibeho apparitions began on Nov. 28, 1981, at a time of increasing tension between the Tutsis and the Hutus. They occurred at Kibeho College, a secondary school for girls,[3] and included an apocalyptic vision of Rwanda descending into violence and hatred which many believe foretold the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The Virgin Mary appeared to the group with the name "Nyina wa Jambo" ("Mother of the Word") synonymous with "Umubyeyi W'Imana" ("Mother of God").[4] The teenage visionaries reported that the Virgin Mary asked everyone to pray to prevent a terrible war. In the vision of Aug. 19, 1982, they all reported seeing violence, dismembered corpses and destruction.[5]
The longest series of visions were attributed to Alphonsine Mumureke who received the first vision on November 28, 1981 and the last on November 28, 1989, shortly after she had been admitted to the Kibeho High School in October, 1981, immediately after her primary studies. Nathalie Mukamazimpaka's visions began in January 1982 and ended on 3 December 1983. In her apparitions, Our Lady of Kibeho recommended that people pray the Chaplet of the Seven Sorrows to obtain the favor of repentance.[6] Marie Claire Mukangango had visions for six months, lasting from 2 March 1982 until 15 September 1982. She was later killed in the massacre of 1995 at the same location.[5]
During his 1990 visit to Rwanda, Pope John Paul II exhorted the faithful to turn to the Virgin as a “simple and sure guide” and to pray for greater commitment against local divisions, both political and ethnic.[5]
In the 100 days that followed the April 1994 assassination of dictator Juvénal Habyarimana, by most accounts, 800,000 Rwandans, by some accounts, over one million, were slaughtered by their countrymen and, in some cases, their next-door-neighbors. The violence was the culmination of intensifying animosity between the two ethnic groups – the Hutus and Tutsis – and the civil war that had preceded it.[7] Twice, Kibeho was the site of a massive massacre, first at the parish church in April 1994, and then a year later in April 1995 where more than 5,000 refugees who had taken shelter at Kibeho were shot by soldiers.[8]
Approved sightings
Only the visions of the first three (Alphonsine, Nathalie, and Marie Claire aged 17, 20 and 21) received local Bishop Augustin Misago's solemn approval.[9]
Non-approved visionaries
The others claiming visions were Stephanie Mukamurenzi, Agnes Kamagaju, Vestine Salima and Emmanuel Segastashya, the last of whom was previously a pagan and became a Christian evangelist. Emmanuel's alleged visions included meeting Jesus Christ in a beanfield.
Interpretation
The visions may be regarded as an ominous foreshadowing of the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, and particularly the 1995 Kibeho Massacre. The school where the visions occurred became a place of slaughter during the genocide as dozens of children were hacked to death by Hutu terrorists.[10] Some of the visionaries were among the victims.
Approval
Augustin Misago, the Bishop of Gikongoro, approved public devotion linked to the apparitions on 15 August 1988 (the Solemnity of the Assumption of Mary) and declared their authenticity on 29 June 2001.[4] He was accused in 1999 of involvement in the Rwandan Genocide, and acquitted on 24 June of the following year.[10] The feast day of Our Lady of Kibeho is November 28.[11]
Shrine
The Marian sanctuary at Kibeho was named "Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows" in 1992.[4] The first stone was laid on 28 November 1992. In a 2003 agreement between the local ordinary and the Society of the Catholic Apostolate (Pallotines), the rectorate of the Shrine of Our Lady of Kibeho is entrusted to the Pallotine Fathers. The rector is appointed by the local bishop and the Regional Pallottine Rector.[12]
Cultural references
The American playwright Katori Hall dramatized the events surrounding the apparitions in Our Lady of Kibeho, produced in New York in 2014[13]
See also
References
- ^ Immaculée Ilibagiza, Steve Erwin. Our Lady of Kibeho: Mary Speaks to the World from the Heart of Africa. 2008, page xvii
- ^ Curran, Bridget. The Miracles of Mary: Everyday Encounters of Beauty and Grace. 2010, page 128
- ^ "Kibeho parish", Kibeho Sanctuary
- ^ a b c Bishop Augustin Misago of Gikongoro (2001-07-31). "Judgment on the apparitions of Kibeho". EWTN. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
- ^ a b c Rogers, Lois. "Our Lady of Kibeho", The Monitor, January 20, 2012, Diocese of Trenton
- ^ "The Chaplet of the Seven Sorrows", Marians of the Immaculate Conception
- ^ "Remembering Rwanda", The Monitor, January 20, 2012, Diocese of Trenton
- ^ Linskey, Regina. "Our Lady of Kibeho: Forgotten apparitions", Catholic News, Singapore, Vol. 58, No. 25, December 7, 2008
- ^ Misago, Augustin. "Judgement on the Apparitions of Kibeho"
- ^ a b Simpson, Chris (2000-06-24). "A bishop tried over genocide". The Tablet.
- ^ "Our Lady of Sorrows (Kibeho)", La Carte Mariale du Monde
- ^ "Pastoral Service", Kibeho shrine
- ^ "Our Lady of Kibeho", signature Theatre
External links
- Kibeho Sanctuary official web page
- Documentary on Kibeho apparitions
- 25th anniversary of apparitions to be celebrated
- Witness to Genocide -- A Personal Account of the 1995 Kibeho Massacre
- Video of the Kibeho apparitions
- Video 2 of the Kibeho apparitions
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