Ovča

Ovča Овча
Country:	Serbia
Subdivision:	City of Belgrade, Palilula municipality
Population:	2,567 (2002)
Area code:	011
Postal code:	11212
License plates:	BG

Ovča (Serbian Cyrillic: Овча, pronounced [ɔ̂ːv̞t͡ʃa]) is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in the Belgrade's municipality of Palilula.

Name

In Serbian the settlement is known as Ovča (Овча), in Romanian as Ofcea, in Hungarian as Ovcsa or Bárányos, and in German as Gisellenhain.

Location

Ovča is located in the northern, Banat section of the Palilula municipality (Pančevački Rit), 13 kilometers north of downtown Belgrade. The settlement is located 6 kilometers to the east of the settlement of Padinska Skela and the Zrenjaninski put road which connects Belgrade with the town of Zrenjanin, in Vojvodina.

History

First recorded mention of the village of Ovči is from 1456, as part of the Syrmia county of the Kingdom of Hungary. The name have a Slavic origin. As some of the first settlers were Vlach (Romanian) shepherds, it is believed that this gave name to the settlement (Serbian word ovčar means "shepherd" in English). The village was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1537, and was included into the Sanjak of Smederevo. It was granted a waqf status by the sanjak-bey Mehmet-pasha, for the mosque and imaret (public kitchen) of Belgrade's Dorćol district.

In the mid 18th century the village was evacuated because of the plague outbreak and Ovča sentry outpost was built instead. Turned into a wasteland, the village was repopulated in 1813.

Ovča was part of the municipality of Borča until May 30, 1952 when it got its own municipality. However in 1955 all the municipalities in Pančevački Rit were merged into one, municipality of Krnjača which in turn became part of the municipality of Palilula in 1965. A movement for restoring former municipality of Krnjača (under the name of Dunavski Venac) is gaining momentum since the early 2000s.

Population

Population is generally stagnating. The apparent decline of population by almost one quarter in the 1970s is a result of change of the administrative borders of the settlements as many outer farms and smaller sub-settlements were grouped in Padinska Skela, which in turn grew by this administrative measures by over 400% (in 1971 it had less inhabitants than Ovča by one third, in 1981 it outnumbered it four times).

Population of Ovča:

• 1921: 1,469
• 1932: 1.452 (1.400 Romanians, 23 Serbs, 20 Germans, 7 Slovaks and 2 Hungarians)
• 1971: 3,383
• 1981: 2,530
• 1991: 2,306
• 2002: 2,567

Ethnic structure (Census 2002): Serbs (63.96% or 1,642), Romanians (27.46%), Romani (1.36%), Yugoslavs (0.85%), Macedonians (0.62%), etc.

Economy

Despite being classified as an urban settlement, the majority of economic activity in Ovča is still agricultural. Prominent features are the large bowl natural gas tanks which dominate the flat landscape and hydrothermal spring of Ovčanska banja (Ovča spa). The spa is not arranged for public usage but is very popular among the local population. A pond with an area of 150 square meters and one meter deep has been filled by the natural salt water since the mid-1980s. Ovča is also accessible by train as it lies on the Belgrade-Pančevo railroad.