PADI4

PADI4
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1WD8, 1WD9, 1WDA, 2DEW, 2DEX, 2DEY, 2DW5, 3APM, 3APN, 3B1T, 3B1U, 4DKT, 4X8C, 4X8G
Identifiers
Aliases	PADI4, PAD, PAD4, PADI5, PDI4, PDI5, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4
External IDs	OMIM: 605347; MGI: 1338898; HomoloGene: 7883; GeneCards: PADI4; OMA:PADI4 - orthologs
EC number	3.5.3.15
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	17,364,004 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	140,501,547 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	blood; ; bone marrow; ; bone marrow cells; ; monocyte; ; spleen; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; right lung; ; right lobe of liver; ; gallbladder; ; smooth muscle tissue;
	Top expressed in
	lip; ; hair follicle; ; cervix; ; bone marrow; ; morula; ; blood; ; corneal stroma; ; skin of abdomen; ; skin of back; ; thymus;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	metal ion binding; arginine deiminase activity; protein binding; hydrolase activity; protein-arginine deiminase activity; calcium ion binding; arginine binding; protein homodimerization activity;
Cellular component	nucleoplasm; nucleus; cytosol; cytoplasm; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	chromatin remodeling; nucleosome assembly; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; immune system process; transcription, DNA-templated; stem cell population maintenance; innate immune response; chromatin organization; arginine deiminase pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	23569
	18602
	ENSG00000280908; ENSG00000159339
	ENSMUSG00000025330
	Q9UM07
	Q9Z183
	NM_012387
	NM_011061
	NP_036519
	NP_035191
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Peptidyl arginine deiminase, type IV, also known as PADI4, is a human protein which in humans is encoded by the PADI4 gene.^[5]^[6]

Molecular biology

The human gene is found on the short arm of Chromosome 1 near the telomere (1p36.13). It is located on the Watson (plus) strand and is 55,806 bases long. The protein is 663 amino acids long with a molecular weight of 74,095 Da.^[5]

Function

This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine to citrulline residues. This gene may play a role in granulocyte and macrophage development leading to inflammation and immune response.^[6] PADI4 plays a role in the epigenetics, the deimination of arginines on histones 3 and 4 can act antagonistically to arginine methylation (Chromatin modifications and their function, Kouzarides 2007, Cell, review)

The protein may be found in oligomers and binds 5 calcium ions per subunit. It catalyses the reaction:

Protein L-arginine + H₂O = protein L-citrulline + NH₃

Subcellular and tissue distribution

It is normally found in the cytoplasm, nucleus and in cytoplasmic granules of eosinophils and neutrophils. It is not expressed in peripheral monocytes or lymphocytes. It is also expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues.