Pathein
Pathein
ပုသိမ်မြို့ Bassein | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country |  Burma |
| Division | Ayeyarwady Region |
| District | Pathein District |
| Township | Pathein Township |
| Population | |
• Total | 315,600 |
| • Ethnicities | Bamar Burmese Indians Kayin |
| • Religions | Buddhism |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (MST) |
| Area code | 42[1] |
Pathein (Burmese: ပုသိမ်မြို့; MLCTS: pu. sim mrui., Burmese pronunciation: [pəθèiɴ mjo̰]; Template:Lang-mnw, [pha sɛm]), formerly called Bassein, is a port city with a 2004 population estimated at 315,600, and the capital of the Ayeyarwady Region, Burma. It lies on the Pathein River (Bassein), which is a western branch of the Irrawaddy River.[2] Pathein is the fourth largest city of Burma (Myanmar), situated 190 kilometres (120 mi) west of Yangon.
It is located within the Pathein Township of Pathein District and is also the seat of all. Although once part of the Mon kingdom, Pathein has few ethnic Mon residents today. The majority are of Bamar, Burmese Indians, Karen ethnicity. There are, however, notable minoritiy Rakhine.
Etymology
The city's name is believed to derive from the Mon name, ဖာသီ ([pha sɛm]).[3] The name was corrupted to Bassein during the British colonial period.
An alternate theory holds that the city's name comes from the classical name of Pathein, Kusimanagara, a name used by ancient writings and the Kalyani inscriptions.[4] Pathein itself is a corruption of Mon "Kuthen," which itself is a contraction of Kusimanagara.[4] This is supported by the fact that the Portuguese call Pathein "Cosmim."[4]
History
Pathein was part of the Mon kingdom. The British built a fort and established a garrison in 1826, after the First Anglo-Burmese War. The 1983 census recorded a population of 144,092.
Geography and economy
Lying at the western edge of the Ayeyarwady River delta, on the Pathein (Ngawan) River 118 miles (190 km) west of Yangon, Pathein is accessible to large vessels and despite its distance from the ocean, it is the most important delta port outside of Yangon. The city is also a terminus of a branch of the main railroad line which connects it to Hinthada, Letpadan and Yangon. In the 1990s, the road network along the Irrawaddy to Monya was improved.[2]
The coastline along the Bay of Bengal is surrounded by the Arakan Mountains. In the area is Inye Lake, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, which is known for its fishing. There is also an offshore reef, Diamond Island which is popular with bathers. Diamond Island is also noted as a turtle breeding ground.[2]
The city is a rice-milling and export centre. Aside from several rice mills, the town has numerous sawmills and umbrella workshops. The colourful handmade parasols made in Pathein are widely known throughout Burma.[2] They are known locally as "Pathein Hti".[5] Pathein is also known for its pottery and colourful hand-made baskets and buckets.
The surrounding area of Pathein are employed in agriculture and cultivate sesames, groundnuts, jute, maize, pulses, tobacco, chilies etc.[5]
Climate
| Climate data for Pathein | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39.9 (103.8) |
40.8 (105.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
42.9 (109.2) |
42.6 (108.7) |
41.2 (106.2) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.1 (104.2) |
40.5 (104.9) |
41.4 (106.5) |
40.3 (104.5) |
38.7 (101.7) |
42.9 (109.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.7 (87.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
35.2 (95.4) |
36.4 (97.5) |
34.3 (93.7) |
30.2 (86.4) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.4 (86.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.1 (89.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
22.3 (72.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.5 (68.9) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.4 (70.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| [citation needed] | |||||||||||||
Pathein has a Tropical monsoon climate (Am) according to the Köppen climate classification system. Pathein experiences a sustained period of extraordinary rainfall from June through August. The dry season which runs from December through April, generally sees noticeably cooler temperatures than the remainder of the year.
Landmarks
Pathein has a scenic waterfront and many Buddhist temples, including the main sight of Shwemokhtaw Pagoda.
Education
The city is home to the Pathein Education College for elementary teachers and Pathein University. Pathein has a large hospital which also serves those in the surrounding district. There is a GTC Technical University and a Computer IT University.
See also
References
- ^ "Myanmar Area Codes". Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ a b c d "Pathein". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
- ^ Dictionary of Modern Spoken Mon by H.L. Shorto (1962, Oxford University Press)
- ^ a b c James Gray, ed. (1892). Buddhaghosuppatti. London: Luzac & Company. p. 11.
- ^ a b "Pathein (Bassein)". Journeysmyanmar.com. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
16°46′27″N 94°43′54″E / 16.77417°N 94.73167°E
