Phylica
Phylica | |
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Phylica pubescens | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Rhamnaceae |
Tribe: | Phyliceae |
Genus: | Phylica L. |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Phylica_rosmarinifolia1.jpg/220px-Phylica_rosmarinifolia1.jpg)
Phylica is a genus of plants in the family Rhamnaceae. It contains about 150 species,[1] the majority of which are restricted to South Africa, where they form part of the fynbos.[2] A few species occur in other parts of southern Africa, and on islands including Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, Île Amsterdam, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha,[1] and Gough Island. Phylica piloburmensis from the Burmese amber of Myanmar, dating to around 99 million years ago during the mid-Cretaceous, was originally described as the oldest fossil member of the genus,[3] but subsequent studies contested its assignment to the genus Phylica[4] and even to the family Rhamnaceae,[5] with one study placing it in the separate genus Nothophylica.[5]
Species
[edit]Species in the genus Phylica include:[1][6]
- Phylica abietina Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica acmaephylla Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica aemula Schltr.
- Phylica affinis Sond.
- Phylica agathosmoides Pillans
- Phylica alba Pillans
- Phylica alpina Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica alticola Pillans
- Phylica altigena Schltr.
- Phylica ambigua Sond.
- Phylica amoena Pillans
- Phylica ampliata Pillans
- Phylica anomala Pillans
- Phylica apiculata Sond.
- Phylica arborea Thouars
- Phylica atrata Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Phylica axillaris Lam.
- Phylica barbata Pillans
- Phylica barnardii Pillans
- Phylica bathiei Pillans
- Phylica bicolor L.
- Phylica bolusii Pillans
- Phylica brachycephala Sond.
- Phylica brevifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica burchellii Pillans
- Phylica buxifolia L.
- Phylica calcarata Pillans
- Phylica callosa L.f.
- Phylica capitata Thunb.
- Phylica cephalantha Sond.
- Phylica chionocephala Schltr.
- Phylica chionophila Schltr.
- Phylica comosa Sond.
- Phylica comptonii Pillans
- Phylica confusa Pillans
- Phylica constricta Pillans
- Phylica cordata L.
- Phylica costata Pillans
- Phylica cryptandroides Sond.
- Phylica curvifolia Pillans
- Phylica cuspidata Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica cylindrica J.C.Wendl.
- Phylica debilis Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica diffusa Pillans
- Phylica dioica L.
- Phylica diosmoides Sond.
- Phylica disticha Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica dodii N.E.Br.
- Phylica elimensis Pillans
- Phylica emirnensis (Tul.) Pillans
- Phylica ericoides L.
- Phylica eriophoros P.J.Bergius
- Phylica excelsa J.C.Wendl.
- Phylica floccosa Pillans
- Phylica floribunda Pillans
- Phylica fourcadei Pillans
- Phylica fruticosa Schltr.
- Phylica fulva Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica galpinii Pillans
- Phylica glabrata Thunb.
- Phylica gnidioides Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica gracilis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr.
- Phylica greyii Pillans
- Phylica guthriei Pillans
- Phylica harveyi (Arn.) Pillans
- Phylica hirta Pillans
- Phylica humilis Sond.
- Phylica imberbis P.J.Bergius
- Phylica incurvata Pillans
- Phylica insignis Pillans
- Phylica intrusa Pillans
- Phylica karroica Pillans
- Phylica keetii Pillans
- Phylica lachneaeoides Pillans
- Phylica laevifolia Pillans
- Phylica laevigata Pillans
- Phylica laevis (Schltdl.) Steud.
- Phylica lanata Pillans
- Phylica lasiantha Pillans
- Phylica lasiocarpa Sond.
- Phylica leipoldtii Pillans
- Phylica levynsiae Pillans
- Phylica linifolia Pillans
- Phylica litoralis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr.
- Phylica longimontana Pillans
- Phylica lucens Pillans
- Phylica lucida Pillans
- Phylica lutescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr.
- Phylica madagascariensis Reissek ex Engler
- Phylica mairei Pillans
- Phylica marlothii Pillans
- Phylica maximiliani Schltr.
- Phylica meyeri Sond.
- Phylica microphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr.
- Phylica minutiflora Schltr.
- Phylica montana Sond.
- Phylica mundii Pillans
- Phylica natalensis Pillans
- Phylica nervosa Pillans
- Phylica nigrita Sond.
- Phylica nigromontana Pillans
- Phylica nitida Lam.
- Phylica nodosa Pillans
- Phylica obtusifolia Pillans
- Phylica odorata Schltr.
- Phylica oleaefolia Vent.
- Phylica oleoides DC.
- Phylica paniculata Willd.
- Phylica papillosa J.C.Wendl.
- Phylica parviflora P.J.Bergius
- Phylica parvula Pillans
- Phylica pauciflora Pillans
- Phylica pearsonii Pillans
- Phylica pedicellata DC.
- Phylica pinea Thunb.
- Phylica pinifolia L.f.
- Phylica piquetbergensis Pillans
- Phylica plumigera Pillans
- Phylica plumosa L.
- Phylica polifolia (Vahl) Pillans
- Phylica propinqua Sond.
- Phylica pubescens Aiton
- Phylica pulchella Schltr.
- Phylica purpurea Sond.
- Phylica pustulata E.Phillips
- Phylica radiata L.
- Phylica reclinata J.C.Wendl.
- Phylica recurvifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica reflexa Lam.
- Phylica retorta Pillans
- Phylica retrorsa E.Mey. ex Sond.
- Phylica reversa Pillans
- Phylica rigida Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica rigidifolia Sond.
- Phylica rogersii Pillans
- Phylica rosmarinifolia Thunb.
- Phylica rubra Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Phylica salteri Pillans
- Phylica schlechteri Pillans
- Phylica selaginoides Sond.
- Phylica sericea Pillans
- Phylica simii Pillans
- Phylica spicata L.f.
- Phylica squarrosa Vent.
- Phylica stenantha Pillans
- Phylica stenopetala Schltr.
- Phylica stipularis L.
- Phylica stokoei Pillans
- Phylica strigosa P.J.Bergius
- Phylica strigulosa Sond.
- Phylica subulifolia Pillans
- Phylica thodei E.Phillips
- Phylica thunbergiana E.Mey. ex Sond.
- Phylica tortuosa E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.
- Phylica trachyphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr.
- Phylica trichotoma Thunb.
- Phylica tropica Baker
- Phylica tuberculata Pillans
- Phylica tubulosa Schltr.
- Phylica tysonii Pillans
- Phylica variabilis Pillans
- Phylica velutina Sond.
- Phylica villosa Thunb.
- Phylica vulgaris Pillans
- Phylica willdenowiana Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Phylica wittebergensis Pillans
References
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- ^ a b c James E. Richardson; Michael F. Fay; Quentin C. B. Cronk; Mark W. Chase (2003). "Species delimitation and the origin of populations in island representatives of Phylica (Rhamnaceae)". Evolution. 57 (4): 816–827. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0816:SDATOO]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 3094618. PMID 12778551.
- ^ James E. Richardson; Frans M. Weitz; Michael F. Fay; Quentin C. B. Cronk; H. Peter Linder; Gail Reeves; Mark W. Chase (2001). "Phylogenetic analysis of Phylica L. (Rhamnaceae) with an emphasis on island species: evidence from plastid trnL-F and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ribosomal) DNA sequences". Taxon. 50 (2): 405–427. doi:10.2307/1223889. JSTOR 1223889.
- ^ Shi, Chao; Wang, Shuo; Cai, Hao-hong; Zhang, Hong-rui; Long, Xiao-xuan; Tihelka, Erik; Song, Wei-cai; Feng, Qi; Jiang, Ri-xin; Cai, Chen-yang; Lombard, Natasha (2022-01-31). "Fire-prone Rhamnaceae with South African affinities in Cretaceous Myanmar amber". Nature Plants. 8 (2): 125–135. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-01091-w. ISSN 2055-0278. PMID 35102275. S2CID 246443363.
- ^ Oskolski, Alexei A.; Morris, Benjamin B.; Severova, Elena E.; Sokoloff, Dmitry D. (2024). "Flowers from Myanmar amber confirm the Cretaceous age of Rhamnaceae but not of the extant genus Phylica". Nature Plants. 10 (2): 219–222. Bibcode:2024NatPl..10..219O. doi:10.1038/s41477-023-01591-x. PMID 38278949.
- ^ a b Beurel, Simon; Bachelier, Julien B.; Schmidt, Alexander R.; Sadowski, Eva-Maria (2024). "Novel three-dimensional reconstructions of presumed Phylica (Rhamnaceae) from Cretaceous amber suggest Lauralean affinities". Nature Plants. 10 (2): 223–227. Bibcode:2024NatPl..10..223B. doi:10.1038/s41477-023-01592-w. PMID 38278948.
- ^ "African Plant Database". Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Ville de Genève. Retrieved June 18, 2010.