Phạm Quỳnh

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His Excellency
Phạm Quỳnh (范瓊)
Thượng Chi (尚之), Hoa Đường (華堂), Hồng Nhân (紅人)
Thượng thư of the Ministry of Personnel
In office
1942–1945
MonarchBảo Đại
Preceded byThái Văn Toản
Succeeded byTrần Đình Nam (as Minister of Internal Affairs)
Thượng thư of the Ministry of National Education
In office
1933–1942
MonarchBảo Đại
Preceded byThân Trọng Huề (as Minister of Education)
Succeeded byTrần Thanh Đạt
Đổng lý of the Ngự tiền Văn phòng
In office
1932–1933
MonarchBảo Đại
Preceded byPosition established
Editor-in-Chief of the Nam Phong magazine
In office
1917–1932
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byNguyễn Tiến Lãng
Personal details
BornDecember 17, 1892
Hanoi, Tonkin, French Indochina
DiedSeptember 6, 1945
Thừa Thiên province, Trung Bộ, Democratic Republic of Vietnam
SpouseLê Thị Vân (1892-1953)
ChildrenPhạm Giao
Phạm Thị Giá
Phạm Thị Thức
Phạm Bích
Phạm Thị Hảo
Phạm Thị Ngoạn
Phạm Khuê
Phạm Thị Hoàn
Phạm Tuyên
Phạm Thị Diễm (Giễm)
Phạm Thị Lệ
Phạm Tuân
Phạm Thị Viên.
Parent
  • Phạm Hữu Điển (father)
EducationPomelo School
ProfessionJournalist, mandarin
Signature

Phạm Quỳnh (December 17, 1892 – September 6, 1945) was a monarchist during the late Nguyễn dynasty and supporter of adhering to traditional Vietnamese customs in the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. He was born near Hanoi, Vietnam, to a literati family of Hải Dương province. He was appointed Minister of Education to the royal court at Huế in 1932, and held several other posts in the court as premier and Minister of the Interior for Emperor Bảo Đại's government.[1] He served as a government minister along with Ngô Đình Diệm under Emperor Bảo Đại's administration. After the August Revolution, he was killed by the Viet Minh along with two other high-ranking members of Bảo Đại's cabinet in September 1945.

Phạm Quỳnh graduated top of his class from the College of the Protectorate in Hanoi and was appointed as an interpreter in the Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient. Phạm Quỳnh dedicated his early years at the school to mastering classical Chinese, and could easily read the Confucian classics which he thought represented the soul of Vietnamese people. In 1913, fellow journalist and collaborator Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh invited him to be an assistant editor to the weekly journal Đông Dương tạp chí (Indochina Magazine).[2] However, the journal’s aggressive pro-French position alienated its prospective readership, and in 1917 Governor-General Albert Sarraut and chief of the Surete Louis Marty decided to sponsor the creation of Nam Phong (Southern Wind), a new journal with Phạm Quỳnh at the head.[3] Apart from editing Nam Phong, Phạm Quỳnh also wrote for several other French and Vietnamese journals, and authored one of the earliest Quốc ngữ dictionaries.

Nam Phong[edit]

Nam Phong Tap Chi 1

Nam Phong (Southern Wind) was a periodical that sought to create a new forum for elite debates surrounding colonial society and was written in Quốc ngữ. Phạm Quỳnh often engaged in heated debates with Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh over the issue of assimilation versus association in their respective journals, Nam Phong and L'Annam Nouveau. However, Nam Phong's political platform was also deemed too pro-French and sycophantic by some,[4] and was often mocked by rival journal Phong Hóa, which was run by members of the Tự-Lực văn-đoàn.

Heritage[edit]

On May 28, 2016, the Phạm's Council in Vietnam collaborated with the family of musician Phạm Tuyên held the inauguration ceremony of the tomb restoration work and the erecting of Phạm Quỳnh's statue in Huế City.

The bust of Phạm Quỳnh was designed by his grandson, architect Tôn Thất Đại, is 60 cm tall x 50 cm wide, placed on a pedestal nearly 2 meters high, behind his grave in front of the Vạn Phước pagoda (Trường An Ward, Huế City).

The front of the tomb is covered with a black stone stele engraved with his famous saying:[5]

Truyện Kiều còn tiếng ta còn. Tiếng ta còn nước ta còn.
("The Tale of Kieu remains then Our language remains. Our language remains then Our country remains.")

References[edit]

  1. ^ Womack, Sarah. "Colonialism and the Collaborationist Agenda: Phạm Quỳnh, Print Culture, and the Politics of Persuasion in Colonial Vietnam." PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan, 2003.
  2. ^ Goscha, Christopher. "The Modern Barbarian: Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh and the Complexity Of Colonial Modernity in Vietnam." European Journal of East Asian Studies 3, no. 1 (2004): 135-69. doi:10.1163/1570061033004758.
  3. ^ Womack, Sarah. "Colonialism and the Collaborationist Agenda: Phạm Quỳnh, Print Culture, and the Politics of Persuasion in Colonial Vietnam." PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan, 2003.
  4. ^ Marr, David G. Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920-1945. Berkeley: Univ. of Calif. Press, 1984
  5. ^ "Inauguration of the statue of Scholar Phạm Quỳnh". tuoitre.vn. 29 May 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

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