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Qasr al-Sir

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Qasr al-Sir
Template:Hebrew
قصر السر
Etymology: Fortress of Mystery
CountryIsrael
DistrictSouthern
CouncilNeve Midbar
Founded2003
Founded byGovernment of Israel
Area
4,776 dunams (4.776 km2 or 1.844 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
1,090[1]

Qasr al-Sir (Arabic: قصر السر; Hebrew: קסר א-סיר, lit. Fortress of Mystery) is a Bedouin village in the Negev desert in southern Israel. It falls under the jurisdiction of Neve Midbar Regional Council.

Location

Qasr al-Sir is situated in the Northern Negev desert, only 3 km west of Dimona. It is adjacent to the highway 25. The village covers 4,776 dunams (477.6 hectares).[2]

Demography

In December 2011, Qasr al-Sir had an officially reported population of 1,090.[3] It is home (along with the adjacent unrecognised village of al-Hawashla) to the al-Hawashla tribe.[4]

History

Early history

Prior to the establishment of Israel, the Negev Bedouins were a semi-nomadic society going through a process of sedentariness since the Ottoman rule of the region. Most researches agree that Bedouins arrived to the Negev around 1800 AD, but there is evidence of earlier migrations as well.[5]

During the British Mandate period, the administration did not provide a legal frame to justify and preserve lands’ ownership. Thus Israel’s land policy was adapted to a large extent from the Ottoman land regulations of 1858 as the only preceding legal frame. It enabled Israel to nationalize most of the Negev lands using the state’s land regulations from 1969.[5]

Bedouin settlement

Israel has continued the policy of sedentarization of Negev Bedouins imposed by the Ottoman authorities, and at first it included regulation and re-location - during the 1950s Israel has re-located two-thirds of the Negev Bedouins into an area that was under a martial law.[5]

The next step was to establish seven townships built especially for Bedouins in order to sedentarize and urbanize them by offering them better life conditions, proper infrastructure and high quality public services in sanitation, health and education, and municipal services. All the more so the rate of the Bedouin population in Israel is among the highest in the world - it doubles its size every 15 years.[6] These townships are: Hura, Lakiya, Ar'arat an-Naqab (Ar'ara BaNegev), Shaqib al-Salam (Segev Shalom), Tel as-Sabi (Tel-Sheva), Kuseife and the city of Rahat, the largest among them).[7] These townships cannot resolve the issue of high population density and illegal construction in the Negev absolutely, so besides expanding existing towns, the Israeli government has decided to construct 13 additional settlements for the Negev Bedouin, and Qasr al-Sir is one of them.[8]

Not all Bedouins agree to move from tents and structures built on the state lands into apartments prepared for them. In permanent planned villages live about 60% of Bedouin citizens of Israel, while the rest - in illegal homes spread all over North Negev subject to demolition and lacking basic services and they refuse to move into the newly built townships with the full basic infrastructure.[6]

Creation

After many years of unrecognized status, the village of Qasr al-Sir was granted formal recognition by the State following Government Resolution 881 on 29 September 2003, which recognized eight previously-illegal Bedouin settlements in the northern Negev.[9] Installation of roads, water, sewage, and electricity to the town's homes has since been authorized by the government. Since previously the village was not officially recognized by the state, many homes are constructed of re-used scrap material and do not meet current Israeli building codes, so the village needs vast investment.

As of July 2013, the village is headed by Ibrahim al-Hawashla.[2]

Development plans

The al-Hawashla tribe in Qasr al-Sir is working together with a number of NGOs and government representatives in an attempt to produce a development plan that will avoid mistakes made with the resettlement of Bedouin families in previous decades and create a new model of desert sustainability.[10] A specific goal is to help revive knowledge of the desert environment in a way that is compatible with sedentary agricultural life, as an alternative to the forced urbanization policy followed for Bedouin in Israel and neighboring countries. This will allow the Bedouin to become producers of local agricultural, food, and handicraft products, fostering closer integration with other Bedouin and Jewish communities in the Negev, and allow them to maintain their connection with the desert while incorporating the modern-day requirement for stationary life.[11]

The first big project of this development plan is the construction of a large community center, built using a combination of traditional and modern green methods. A group of the young men from the village has taken a course on green building methods. Bustan hopes to leverage the construction of the community center in order to develop a series of other projects, including attracting solar energy companies to the village and setting up an indigenous tree nursery, run as a women's cooperative.[12]

Community projects and enterprises

Some community projects have grown from these efforts.

  • Amina and Thanawa al-Hawashla, Qasr al-Sir women are putting their traditional cooking skills into catering and promoting a revival of typical Bedouin fare.[13]
  • The EcoKhan project, aimed at supporting Bedouin self-determination, promoting Bedouin-Jewish co-existence, developing and demonstrating sustainable strategies for enhanced food security and environmental protection, and supporting the development of eco-tourism and small business opportunities in the Bedouin sector in Israel.[14]

Education opportunities

There are two elementary schools, one secondary school, several kindergartens and a youth center inside Qasr al-Sir.[2] Also the village is situated in a close proximity to the town of Arad with its own school network. The nearest university, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, is situated in Be'er Sheva.

See also

References

  1. ^ Population by settlement Central Bureau of Statistics
  2. ^ a b c Abu Talul, Abu Basma Regional Council official site Template:He icon
  3. ^ Population by settlement Central Bureau of Statistics
  4. ^ Negev Bedouin Israel Land Administration
  5. ^ a b c Dor Fridman. "About the Negev Bedouins". LocalEconomySeminar.
  6. ^ a b "The Beduin of the Negev. Background" (PDF). Israel Land Administration official site. 2007.
  7. ^ State of Israel. Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. List of Issues to be taken up in Connection with the Consideration of Israel's Fourth and Fifth Periodic Reports of Israel (CEDAW/C/ISR/4 and CEDAW/C/ISR/5)
  8. ^ Bedouin information Israel Land Administration
  9. ^ Government resolutions passed in recent years regarding the Arab population of Israel The Abraham Fund Initiative
  10. ^ Bustan's Mud Huts With Plasma Screens
  11. ^ Bustan L'Shalom
  12. ^ Bustan Builds a Model of Desert Sustainability
  13. ^ Ronit Vered, Desert flowers, Haaretz, June 13, 2013
  14. ^ Bustan EcoKhan
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