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RGS4

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RGS4
Identifiers
AliasesRGS4, Rgs4, AA004315, AA597169, ESTM48, ESTM50, RGP4, SCZD9, regulator of G-protein signaling 4, regulator of G protein signaling 4
External IDsOMIM: 602516; MGI: 108409; HomoloGene: 4100; GeneCards: RGS4; OMA:RGS4 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

5999

19736

Ensembl

ENSG00000117152

ENSMUSG00000038530

UniProt

P49798

O08899

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001102445
NM_001113380
NM_001113381
NM_005613

NM_009062

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001095915
NP_001106851
NP_001106852
NP_005604
NP_005604.1

NP_033088

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 163.07 – 163.08 MbChr 1: 169.57 – 169.58 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Regulator of G protein signaling 4 also known as RGP4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS4 gene. RGP4 regulates G protein signaling.[5]

Function

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Regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins.[6] RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein signaling 4 belongs to this family. All RGS proteins share a conserved 120-amino acid sequence termed the RGS domain which conveys GAP activity.[7] Regulator of G protein signaling 4 protein is 37% identical to RGS1 and 97% identical to rat Rgs4. This protein negatively regulates signaling upstream or at the level of the heterotrimeric G protein and is localized in the cytoplasm.[5]

Clinical significance

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A number of studies associate the RGS4 gene with schizophrenia,[8][9][10][11] while some fail to detect an association.[12]

RGS4 is also of interest as one of the three main RGS proteins (along with RGS9 and RGS17) involved in terminating signalling by the mu opioid receptor,[13] and may be important in the development of tolerance to opioid drugs.[14][15][16][17][18]

Inhibitors

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Interactions

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RGS4 has been shown to interact with:

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117152 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038530 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: RGS4 regulator of G-protein signalling 4".
  6. ^ Berman DM, Wilkie TM, Gilman AG (1996). "GAIP and RGS4 are GTPase-activating proteins for the Gi subfamily of G protein alpha subunits". Cell. 86 (3): 445–52. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80117-8. PMID 8756726. S2CID 12427406.
  7. ^ Popov S, Yu K, Kozasa T, Wilkie TM (July 1997). "The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) domains of RGS4, RGS10, and GAIP retain GTPase activating protein activity in vitro". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (14): 7216–20. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.7216P. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.14.7216. PMC 23796. PMID 9207071.
  8. ^ Stefanis NC, Trikalinos TA, Avramopoulos D, Smyrnis N, Evdokimidis I, Ntzani EE, Hatzimanolis A, Ioannidis JP, Stefanis CN (2008). "Association of RGS4 variants with schizotypy and cognitive endophenotypes at the population level". Behavioral and Brain Functions. 4: 46. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-46. PMC 2572614. PMID 18834502.
  9. ^ Prasad KM, Almasy L, Gur RC, Gur RE, Pogue-Geile M, Chowdari KV, Talkowski ME, Nimgaonkar VL (March 2009). "RGS4 Polymorphisms Associated With Variability of Cognitive Performance in a Family-Based Schizophrenia Sample". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 36 (5): 983–90. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp002. PMC 2930339. PMID 19282471.
  10. ^ Dean B, Boer S, Gibbons A, Money T, Scarr E (March 2009). "Recent advances in postmortem pathology and neurochemistry in schizophrenia". Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 22 (2): 154–60. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328323d52e. PMID 19553869. S2CID 21346147.
  11. ^ Ding L, Hegde AN (March 2009). "Expression of RGS4 splice variants in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients". Biological Psychiatry. 65 (6): 541–5. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.026. PMID 19041089. S2CID 21532854.
  12. ^ Stuart Gibbons A, Scarr E, McOmish CE, Hannan AJ, Thomas EA, Dean B (August 2008). "Regulator of G-protein signalling 4 expression is not altered in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia". The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 42 (8): 740–5. doi:10.1080/00048670802206338. PMID 18622782. S2CID 205398396.
  13. ^ Hooks SB, Martemyanov K, Zachariou V (January 2008). "A role of RGS proteins in drug addiction". Biochemical Pharmacology. 75 (1): 76–84. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.045. PMID 17880927.
  14. ^ Grillet N, Pattyn A, Contet C, Kieffer BL, Goridis C, Brunet JF (May 2005). "Generation and characterization of Rgs4 mutant mice". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 25 (10): 4221–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.10.4221-4228.2005. PMC 1087729. PMID 15870291.
  15. ^ Garzón J, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, de la Torre-Madrid E, Sánchez-Blázquez P (June 2005). "Effector antagonism by the regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) proteins causes desensitization of mu-opioid receptors in the CNS". Psychopharmacology. 180 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2248-9. hdl:10261/154655. PMID 15830230. S2CID 21952312.
  16. ^ Georgoussi Z, Leontiadis L, Mazarakou G, Merkouris M, Hyde K, Hamm H (June 2006). "Selective interactions between G protein subunits and RGS4 with the C-terminal domains of the mu- and delta-opioid receptors regulate opioid receptor signaling". Cellular Signalling. 18 (6): 771–82. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.07.003. PMID 16120478.
  17. ^ Leontiadis LJ, Papakonstantinou MP, Georgoussi Z (July 2009). "Regulator of G protein signaling 4 confers selectivity to specific G proteins to modulate mu- and delta-opioid receptor signaling". Cellular Signalling. 21 (7): 1218–28. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.03.013. PMID 19324084.
  18. ^ Wang Q, Liu-Chen LY, Traynor JR (July 2009). "Differential Modulation of {micro}- and {delta}-Opioid Receptor Agonists by Endogenous RGS4 Protein in SH-SY5Y Cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (27): 18357–67. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.015453. PMC 2709384. PMID 19416973.
  19. ^ Jin Y, Zhong H, Omnaas JR, Neubig RR, Mosberg HI (2004). "Structure-based design, synthesis, and activity of peptide inhibitors of RGS4 GAP activity". Regulators of G-Protein Signaling, Part A. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 389. pp. 266–77. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(04)89016-5. ISBN 9780121827946. PMID 15313571.
  20. ^ Roman DL, Talbot JN, Roof RA, Sunahara RK, Traynor JR, Neubig RR (January 2007). "Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of RGS4 using a high-throughput flow cytometry protein interaction assay". Molecular Pharmacology. 71 (1): 169–75. doi:10.1124/mol.106.028670. PMID 17012620. S2CID 22699604.
  21. ^ Sullivan BM, Harrison-Lavoie KJ, Marshansky V, Lin HY, Kehrl JH, Ausiello DA, Brown D, Druey KM (2000). "RGS4 and RGS2 bind coatomer and inhibit COPI association with Golgi membranes and intracellular transport". Mol. Biol. Cell. 11 (9): 3155–68. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.9.3155. PMC 14982. PMID 10982407.
  22. ^ Thaminy S, Auerbach D, Arnoldo A, Stagljar I (2003). "Identification of novel ErbB3-interacting factors using the split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid system". Genome Res. 13 (7): 1744–53. doi:10.1101/gr.1276503. PMC 403748. PMID 12840049.
  23. ^ Johnson EN, Seasholtz TM, Waheed AA, Kreutz B, Suzuki N, Kozasa T, Jones TL, Brown JH, Druey KM (December 2003). "RGS16 inhibits signalling through the G alpha 13-Rho axis". Nat. Cell Biol. 5 (12): 1095–103. doi:10.1038/ncb1065. PMID 14634662. S2CID 6798899.
  24. ^ Druey KM, Sullivan BM, Brown D, Fischer ER, Watson N, Blumer KJ, Gerfen CR, Scheschonka A, Kehrl JH (1998). "Expression of GTPase-deficient Gialpha2 results in translocation of cytoplasmic RGS4 to the plasma membrane". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (29): 18405–10. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.29.18405. PMID 9660808.

Further reading

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