Revolutionary Serbia
Revolutionary Serbia Устаничка Србија Ustanička Srbija | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1804–1813 | |||||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||||
 Revolutionary Serbia in 1813. | |||||||||||||||
| Capital | Topola (1805–13) | ||||||||||||||
| Official languages | Serbian | ||||||||||||||
| Government | Autonomous principality[clarification needed] | ||||||||||||||
| Grand Leader (Template:Lang-sr) | |||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
• Establishment of government | 1804 | ||||||||||||||
| 1804–13 | |||||||||||||||
| July 1806–January 1807 | |||||||||||||||
| 10 July 1807 | |||||||||||||||
• Restoration of Ottoman rule | October 1813 | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1813 | ||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||
| 1815[1] | 24,440 km2 (9,440 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||||
• 1815[1] | 332,000 | ||||||||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | RS | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
Revolutionary Serbia (Template:Lang-sr) or Karađorđe's Serbia (Карађорђева Србија) refers to the state established by Serbian revolutionaries in Ottoman Serbia (Sanjak of Smederevo) after successful military operations against the Ottoman Empire and establishment of government in 1805. The Sublime Porte first officially recognized the state as autonomous in January 1807, however, the Serbian revolutionaries rejected the treaty and continued fighting the Ottomans until 1813. Although the uprising was crushed, it was continued by the Second Serbian Uprising in 1815, which resulted in the creation of the Principality of Serbia, as it gained semi-independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1817.
Political history
First Serbian Uprising
Stratimirović's Memorandum
- Stratimirović's Memorandum (1804)[2]
Ičko's Peace
Between July and October 1806 Petar Ičko, an Ottoman dragoman (diplomat) and representative of the Serbian rebels, negotiated a peace treaty known in historiography as "Ičko's Peace". Ičko had been sent to Constantinople twice in the latter half of 1806 to negotiate peace. The Ottomans seemed ready to grant Serbia autonomy following rebel victories in 1805 and 1806, also pressured by the Russians, who had taken Moldavia and Wallachia; they agreed to a sort of autonomy and clearer stipulation of taxes in January 1807, by which time the rebels had already taken Belgrade. The rebels rejected the treaty and sought Russian aid to their independence, while the Ottomans had declared war on Russia in December 1806. A Russian-Serbian alliance treaty was signed on 10 June 1807.
Russian–Serbian Alliance
On 10 July 1807, the Serbian rebels under Karađorđe signed an alliance with the Russian Empire during the First Serbian Uprising. After the Ottoman Empire had allied itself with Napoleon in late 1806, and was attacked by Russia and Britain, it sought to meet the demands of the Serbian rebels. At the same time, the Russians offered the Serbs aid and cooperation. The Serbs chose alliance with the Russians over autonomy under the Ottomans (as set by the "Ičko's Peace"). Karađorđe was to receive arms, and military and medical missions, which proved to be a turning point in the Serbian Revolution.
Proclamations
- A proclamation (Slavonic-Serbian: Проглашенie) calling for the unity of Serbs, dated 21 February 1809.[3]
- A proclamation with 15 points, dated 16 August 1809.[4]
Treaty of Bucharest (1812)
Second Serbian Uprising
Government
Rule was divided between Grand Leader Karađorđe, the Narodna Skupština (People's Assembly) and the Praviteljstvujušči Sovjet (Ruling Council), established in 1805.
Ruling Council
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The Ruling Council was established by recommendation of the Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs Chartorisky and on the proposal of some of the dukes (Jakov and Matija Nenadović, Milan Obrenović, Sima Marković).[5] The idea of Boža Grujović, the first secretary, and Matija Nenadović, the first president, was that the council would become the government of the new Serbian state.[6] It had to organize and supervise the administration, the economy, army supply, order and peace, judiciary, and foreign policy.[6]
| Date | Members |
|---|---|
| August 1805 | Mladen Milovanović, Avram Lukić, Jovan Protić, Pavle Popović, Velisav Stanojlović, Janko Đurđević, Đurica Stočić, Milisav Ilijić, Ilija Marković, Vasilije Radojičić (Popović, Jović), Milutin Vasić, Jevto Savić-Čotrić, Dositej Obradović and Petar Novaković Čardaklija |
| End of 1805 | Prota Matija Nenadović (president), and members Jakov Nenadović, Janko Katić, Milenko Stojković, Luka Lazarević and Milan Obrenović. |
| November 1810 | Jakov Nenadović (president), and members Pavle Popović, Velisav Perić, Vasilije Jović (Radojičić), Janko Đurđević, Dositej Obradović, Ilija Marković, and secretaries Stevan Filipović and Mihailo Grujović. |
Ministries
 |
In 1811, the government system was reorganized, with the formation of ministries (popečiteljstva) instead of nahija-representatives.
| Ministries | Ministers |
|---|---|
| President | Karađorđe (s. –1813) |
| International Affairs | Milenko Stojković (s. 1811); Miljko Radonić (s. 1811–12) |
| Education | Dositej Obradović (s. 1811); Ivan Jugović (s. 1811–12) |
| Military | Mladen Milovanović (s. 1811–13) |
| Internal Affairs | Jakov Nenadović (s. 1811–13) |
| Law | Petar Dobrnjac (s. 1811); Ilija Marković (s. 1811–13) |
| Finance | Sima Marković (s. 1811–13) |
| Secretaries | Mihailo Grujović (1st) and Stevan Filipović (2nd) |
See also
References
- ^ Michael R. Palairet (2002). The Balkan Economies C.1800-1914: Evolution Without Development. Cambridge University Press. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-0-521-52256-4.
- ^ Vladislav B. Sotirović. ""The Memorandum (1804) by the Karlovci Metropolitan Stevan Stratimirović", Serbian Studies: Journal of the North American Society for Serbian Studies, Vol. 24, 2010, № 1−2, ISSN 0742-3330, 2012, Slavica Publishers, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA, pp. 27−48".
- ^ Vjesnik Kr. državnog arkiva u Zagrebu. Vol. 17–18. Tisak zaklade tiskare narodnih novina. 1915. p. 124.
- ^ Trifunovska 1994, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Janković 1955, p. 18.
- ^ a b Čubrilović 1982, p. 65.
Sources
- Ćorović, Vladimir (2001) [1997]. Историја српског народа (in Serbian). Belgrade: Јанус.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Čubrilović, Vasa (1982). Istorija političke misli u Srbiji XIX veka. Narodna knjiga.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Đorđević, Miroslav R. (1970). Razvitak političkih i državnopravnih ustanova Srbije od kraja XVIII do početka XX veka. Fakultet političkih nauka, Seminar za društvenu i političku istoriju.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Janković, Dragoslav (1955). Istorija države i prava Srbije u XIX veku. Nolit.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Novaković, Stojan (1907). "Ustavno pitanje i zakoni Karađorđeva vremena". (Public Domain)
- Morison, W. A. (2012) [1942]. The Revolt of the Serbs Against the Turks: (1804-1813). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-67606-0.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Petrovich, Michael Boro (1976). A history of modern Serbia, 1804-1918. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Ranke, Leopold von (1847). History of Servia, and the Servian Revolution: From Original Mss. and Documents. J. Murray.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Mitrinović, Čedomil; Brašić, Miloš N. (1937). Југословенске народне скупштине и сабори. Izd. Narodne skupštine.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Trifunovska, Snežana (1994). Yugoslavia Through Documents: From Its Creation to Its Dissolution. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 3–4. ISBN 0-7923-2670-9.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)