Rockefeller University
| File:Rockefeller University seal.gif | |
| Motto | Scientia pro bono humani generis (Latin) |
|---|---|
Motto in English | Knowledge for the good of humanity |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 1901 |
| Endowment | $1.53 billion[1] |
| President | Marc Tessier-Lavigne |
| Location | |
| Website | Rockefeller.edu |
The Rockefeller University is a private university offering postgraduate and postdoctoral education. It has a strong concentration in the biological sciences. It is also known for producing numerous Nobel laureates. The Rockefeller University is located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, between 63rd and 68th Streets along York Avenue.
Marc Tessier-Lavigne—previously executive vice president of research and chief scientific officer at Genentech—is the university's tenth president.
The Rockefeller University Press publishes the Journal of Experimental Medicine, the Journal of Cell Biology, and The Journal of General Physiology.
History
What is now The Rockefeller University was founded in June 1901 as The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research—often called simply The Rockefeller Institute—by John D. Rockefeller, who had founded the University of Chicago in 1889, upon advice by his adviser Frederick T. Gates[2] and action taken in March 1901 by his son, John D. Rockeller Jr.[3] Greatly elevating the prestige of American science and medicine, it was America's first biomedical institute, alike France's Pasteur Institute (1888) and Germany's Robert Koch Institute (1891).[2]
(The Rockefeller Foundation, a philanthropic organization, founded in 1913, is a separate entity, but had close connections mediated by prominent figures holding dual positions.[4])
The first director of laboratories was Simon Flexner, former Johns Hopkins University student of the Institute's first scientific director, William H. Welch, first dean of Hopkins' medical school and known as the dean of American medicine.[3] Flexner retired in 1935 and was succeeded by Herbert Gasser,[5] succeeded in 1953 by Detlev Bronk who broadened The Rockefeller Institute into a university that began awarding the PhD degree in 1954.[3] In 1965 The Rockefeller Institute's name was changed to The Rockefeller University.[3]
For its first six decades the Institute focused on basic research to develop basic science, on applied research as biomedical engineering, and, since 1910—when The Rockefeller Hospital opened on its campus as America's first facility for clinical research—on clinical science.[6] The Rockefeller Hospital's first director, Rufus Cole, retired in 1937 and was succeeded by Thomas Milton Rivers,[7] who as director of The Rockefeller Institute's virology laboratory established virology as an independent field apart from bacteriology.
Research breakthroughs
Rockefeller researchers were the first to culture the infectious agent associated with syphilis,[8] showed that viruses can be oncogenic and enabled the field tumor biology,[9] developed tissue culture techniques,[10] developed the practice of travel vaccination,[11] identified the phenomenon of autoimmune disease,[12] developed virology as an independent field,[13] developed the first antibiotic,[14] obtained the first American isolation of influenzavirus A and first isolation of influenzavirus B,[15] showed that genes are structurally composed of DNA,[16] discovered blood groups, resolved that virus particles are protein crystals,[17] helped develop the field cell biology,[18] resolved antibody structure, developed methadone treatment of heroin addiction, devised the AIDS drug cocktail, and identified the appetite-regulating hormone leptin.[19]
Notable individuals
Notable figures to emerge from the Institution include Alexis Carrel, Peyton Rous, Hideyo Noguchi, Thomas Milton Rivers, Richard Shope, Thomas Francis Jr, Oswald T. Avery, Cornelius P. Rhoads, Wendell Meredith Stanley, and René Dubos. Others attained eminence before being drawn to the university. Joshua Lederberg, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958, served as president of the university from 1978 to 1990.[20] Paul Nurse, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2001, became President in 2003.[21] (Before Nurse's tenure, Thomas Sakmar was acting-president from 2002.[22]) In all, 24 Nobel Prize recipients have been associated with the University. In the mid-1970s, the University attracted a few prominent academicians in the humanities, such as Saul Kripke.
The Rockefeller family has maintained links with the institution; David Rockefeller is the Honorary Chairman and a Life Trustee.
At a glance
Fostering an interdisciplinary atmosphere among its 72 laboratories, a faculty member is assigned to one of only six interconnecting research areas.[23]
Research areas
- biochemistry, structural biology, chemistry
- molecular cell & developmental biology
- medical sciences & human genetics
- immunology, virology, microbiology
- physics & mathematical biology
- neuroscience
University community
- Over 70 heads of laboratories
- 190 research and clinical scientists
- 360 postdoctoral investigators
- 1,000 support staff
- 150 Ph.D. students
- 50 M.D.-Ph.D. students
- 890 alumni
Nobel Prize winners
- 2011 Ralph Steinman
- 2003 Roderick MacKinnon
- 2001 Paul Nurse
- 2000 Paul Greengard
- 1999 Günter Blobel
- 1984 R. Bruce Merrifield
- 1981 Torsten Wiesel
- 1975 David Baltimore
- 1974 Albert Claude
- 1974 Christian de Duve
- 1974 George E. Palade
- 1972 Stanford Moore
- 1972 William H. Stein
- 1972 Gerald M. Edelman
- 1967 H. Keffer Hartline
- 1966 Peyton Rous
- 1958 Joshua Lederberg
- 1958 Edward L. Tatum
- 1953 Fritz Lipmann
- 1946 John H. Northrop
- 1946 Wendell M. Stanley
- 1944 Herbert S. Gasser
- 1930 Karl Landsteiner
- 1912 Alexis Carrel
Prominent alumni
- David Albert
- David Baltimore, recipient of Nobel Prize in Physiology & Medicine in 1975 for the discovery of reverse transcriptase. Has served as president of both The Rockefeller University and the California Institute of Technology.
- Michael Bratman, Durfee Professor of philosophy at Stanford University.
- Gerald Edelman, recipient of Nobel Prize in Physiology & Medicine in 1972.
- Barbara Ehrenreich, social commentator and author of the 2001 book Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By In America.
- Jonathan Lear, the John U. Nef Distinguished Service Professor in the Committee on Social Thought and professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago, who specializes in Aristotle and psychoanalysis.
- Seth Lloyd
- Robert Sapolsky, Stanford Professor, MacArthur Grant recipient, and writer of numerous books on stress and natural history.
- Amos Smith, Rhodes-Thompson professor of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania
- Richard Wolfenden, professor of chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Notes
- ^ As of June 2009. "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2009 Endowment Market Value and Percentage Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2008 to FY 2009" (PDF). 2009 NACUBO-Commonfund Study of Endowments. National Association of College and University Business Officers.
- ^ a b Chernow R. Titan: The Life of John D Rockefeller Sr (New York: Vintage Books, 2004), pp 471–2.
- ^ a b c d Swingle AM. "The Rockefeller chronicle". Hopkins Medical News. Fall 2002.
- ^ Hannaway C. Biomedicine in the Twentieth Century: Practices, Policies, and Politics (Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008), p 230, note 46.
- ^ "Herbert S Gasser—biography". Nobelprize.org. 6 Sep 2011 (Web-access date).
- ^ "The Rockefeller University Hospital". Rockefeller.edu. 18 Feb 2011 (Web-access date).
- ^ "At Rockefeller Hospital". Time. 24 May 1937.
- ^ Yoshida H (2009). "Seroimmunological studies by Dr Hideyo Noguchi: Introduction and illustration of his seroimmunological research, with a connection to recent seroimmunology". Rinsho Byori. 2009 Dec;57(12):1200–8. PMID 20077823.
{{cite journal}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|journal=(help) - ^ Van Epps HL (2005). "Peyton Rous: Father of the tumor virus". J Exp Med. 201 (3): 320. doi:10.1084/jem.2013fta. PMC 2213042. PMID 15756727.
- ^ Fischer A (1922). "Cultures of organized tissues". J Exp Med. 36 (4): 393–7. doi:10.1084/jem.36.4.393. PMC 2128315. PMID 19868681.
- ^ Frierson JG (2010). "The yellow fever vaccine: A history"—section "First vaccine attempts". Yale J Biol Med. 2010 Jun;83(2):77–85. PMC 2892770. PMID 20589188.
{{cite journal}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|journal=(help) - ^ Van Epps, H. L. (2005). "Thomas Rivers and the EAE model". J Exp Med. 202: 4. doi:10.1084/jem.2021fta.
- ^ "Rivers, Thomas Milton (1888-1962)". American Decades. 2001. 18 Feb 2011 (Web-access date).
- ^ Zimmerman BE, Zimmerman DJ. Killer Germs (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003), p 35.
- ^ "Thomas Francis Jr". Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 Feb 2011 (Web-access date).
- ^ McCarty, Maclyn (2003). "Discovering genes are made of DNA". Nature. 421 (6921): 406. doi:10.1038/nature01398. PMID 12540908.
- ^ "Wendell Meredith Stanley". Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 Feb 2011 (Web-access date).
- ^ Simon SM (1999). "An award for cell biology". J Cell Biol. 147 (5): 2 p following table of contents. doi:10.1083/jcb.147.5.1-a. PMC 2169337. PMID 10627187.
- ^ "Jeffrey Friedman, discoverer of leptin, receives Gairdner, Passano awards". Medical News Today. 14 Apr 2005.
- ^ "Joshua Lederberg—biography". Nobelprize.org. 18 Feb 2011 (Web-access date).
- ^ "Paul Nurse to resign as Rockefeller president to become president of Royal Society of London in December". Newswire. The Rockefeller University. 23 Apr 2010.
- ^ Nybo, Kristie (2010). "Profile of Thomas Sakmar". BioTechniques. 49: 779. doi:10.2144/000113534.
- ^ "Research areas". Rockefeller.edu. 18 Feb 2011 (Web-access date).
References
- Hanson, Elizabeth. The Rockefeller University Achievements: A Century of Science for the Benefit of Humankind, 1901-2001 (New York: The Rockefeller University Press, 2000).
External links
- The Rockefeller University
- The Rockefeller University Newswire
- The Rockefeller University Hospital
- The Rockefeller University Press
- Natural Selections (an unofficial Rockefeller University newsletter)
- Rockefeller Archive Center
- Rockefeller University Archives