San José brush rabbit

San José brush rabbit
Conservation status
	; Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Lagomorpha
Family:	Leporidae
Genus:	Sylvilagus
Species:	S. bachmani
Subspecies:	S. b. mansuetus
Trinomial name
	Sylvilagus bachmani mansuetus; Nelson, 1907
	San Jose brush rabbit range

The San José brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani mansuetus) is a critically endangered subspecies of the brush rabbit, in the family Leporidae.^[2]^[3]

Taxonomy

It was formerly thought to be its own species, but more recent studies indicate that it is a subspecies of S. bachmani.^[4]

Distribution

It is endemic to the 170 km² (66 sq mi) San José Island in the Gulf of California, a desert habitat island in the state of Baja California Sur in Mexico.^[1] The island is only separated from the mainland by a 5–8 km (3.1–5.0 mi) channel.^[5] The rabbit only occurs on roughly 20 km² (8 sq mi) with a population density estimated at 25-35 individuals per km².^[6]

Conservation

The subspecies is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List, which was last updated on May 31, 2016. This is due primarily to predation by feral cats, and are also effected by habitat loss, human developments and rats^[5] and hunting which have all led to population declines since 1995/1996.^[1] To preserve the species it has been recommended that the feral cats be removed and further research be conducted.^[6] Although protected under Mexican law they are commonly poached by hunters legally hunting invasive goat species.^[1]

Description

The San José brush rabbit is distinguishable from its relatives by its palеr pelage, larger ears and longer and more narrow skull. The winter pelage bull yellow or yellow-grey with short black tips. The sided are pale and grey compared to its top pelage.^[6]

Behavior

S. b. mansuetus has been seen resting in the shade of trees on the island such as the Palo Verde.^[1] The rabbit becomes reproductively active in November. Being crepuscular the rabbit is most active from sunset till 2am, and 6am to 10am.^[1] San José Island is home to one of the most diverse mammalian populations of the islands in Baja California.^[1] Areas on the island rich in the plants; Fouquieria digueti, Jatropha cinerea, Pachicerus pringley, Opuntia cholla, B. microphylla, Simmondsia chinensis, Cercidium peninsulare, Stenocerus gummosus, Cyrtocarpa edulis, Esenbeckia flava, Lycium and Olneya tesota usually have the highest abundance of S. b. mansuetus.^[1] The name mansuetus is derived from Latin and means tame, regarding how close S. b. mansuetus can be approached.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Lorenzo, C. & Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. (2019). "Sylvilagus mansuetus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21210A131232447. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21210A131232447.en. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
^ Hoffman, R.S.; Smith, A.T. (2005). "Order Lagomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ "Sylvilagus bachmani (Waterhouse, 1839)". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
^ ÁLVAREZ-CASTAÑEDA, SERGIO TICUL; LORENZO, CONSUELO (2016-11-22). "Genetic evidence supports Sylvilagus mansuetus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) as a subspecies of S. bachmani". Zootaxa. 4196 (2): 289. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4196.2.7. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27988677.
^ ^a ^b ^c Thomas, Howard H. & Troy L. Best (1994). "Sylvilagus mansuetus". Mammalian Species. 464: 1–2. JSTOR 3504137.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lorenzo Consuelo, Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda Sergio, Vázquez Jorge (2011). "Conservation Status of the Threatened, Insular San Jose Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus mansuetus)". Western North American Naturalist. 71: 10–16. doi:10.3398/064.071.0102. S2CID 54921696.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[IUCN-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Lorenzo, C. & Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. (2019). "Sylvilagus mansuetus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21210A131232447. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21210A131232447.en. Retrieved 9 March 2022.

[MSW3-2] Hoffman, R.S.; Smith, A.T. (2005). "Order Lagomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[3] "Sylvilagus bachmani (Waterhouse, 1839)". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 2021-07-06.

[4] ÁLVAREZ-CASTAÑEDA, SERGIO TICUL; LORENZO, CONSUELO (2016-11-22). "Genetic evidence supports Sylvilagus mansuetus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) as a subspecies of S. bachmani". Zootaxa. 4196 (2): 289. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4196.2.7. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27988677.

[mam-5] Thomas, Howard H. & Troy L. Best (1994). "Sylvilagus mansuetus". Mammalian Species. 464: 1–2. JSTOR 3504137.

[con-6] Lorenzo Consuelo, Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda Sergio, Vázquez Jorge (2011). "Conservation Status of the Threatened, Insular San Jose Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus mansuetus)". Western North American Naturalist. 71: 10–16. doi:10.3398/064.071.0102. S2CID 54921696.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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