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Sophoreae

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Sophoreae
Sophora tetraptera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
(unranked):
Core genistoids
Tribe:
Sophoreae

(Spreng. ex DC. 1825) Cardoso et al. 2013[1][2]
Genera

See text.

Synonyms[2]
  • Euchresteae (Nakai) H.Ohashi 1973
  • Sophora group sensu Polhill 1994
  • Sophoreae sensu stricto
  • Sophoreae sensu Polhill 1981 pro parte 7
  • Thermopsideae Yakovlev 1972

The tribe Sophoreae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae. Traditionally this tribe has been used as a wastebasket taxon to accommodate genera of Faboideae which exhibit actinomorphic, rather than zygomorphic floral symmetry and/or incompletely differentiated petals and free stamens.[2][3][4] Various morphological[5][6][7][8] and molecular[9][10][11][12][13] analyses indicated that Sophoreae as traditionally circumscribed was polyphyletic.[14] This led to a re-circumscription of Sophoreae, which resulted in the transfer of many genera to other tribes (Amburaneae, Angylocalyceae, Baphieae, Camoensieae, the Cladrastis clade, Exostyleae, Leptolobieae, Ormosieae, Podalyrieae, and the Vataireoids).[2] This also necessitated the inclusion of two former tribes, Euchresteae and Thermopsideae, in the new definition of Sophoreae.[2][15][16][17][18] Tribe Sophoreae, as currently circumscribed, consistently forms a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses.[2][12][17][19][20][21][22] The Sophoreae arose 40.8 ± 2.4 million years ago (in the Eocene).[8][23]

Description of morphological synapomorphies has yet to be undertaken, but members of this tribe can be distinguished by the relatively simple flowers, unspecialized pinnate leaves, accumulation of quinolizidine alkaloids,[24] and the presence of free stamens.[2] The tribe does have a node-based definition: the crown clade originating from the most recent common ancestor of Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms and Sophora davidii (Franch.) Pavol..[23]

Genera

Sophoreae comprises the following genera:[2]

Notes

  1. ^ Often included in Sophora, rather than treated as a segregate genus.

References

  1. ^ Wojciechowski MF. (2013). "Towards a new classification of Leguminosae: Naming clades using non-Linnaean phylogenetic nomenclature". S Afr J Bot. 89: 85–93. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. 2013. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  3. ^ Polhill RM. (1981). "Sophoreae". Advances in Legume Systematics, Parts 1 and 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 213–230. ISBN 9780855212247. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Polhill RM. (1994). "Classification of the Leguminosae". Phytochemical Dictionary of the Leguminosae, Plants and Their Constituents, Volume 1. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, London. pp. xxv–xlvii. ISBN 9780412397707. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Chappill JA. (1995). "Cladistic analysis of the Leguminosae: the development of an explicit hypothesis". Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 7: Phylogeny. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 1–9. ISBN 0947643796. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Herendeen PS. (1995). "Phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Swartzieae". Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 7: Phylogeny. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 123–132. ISBN 0947643796. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Pollen morphology of the tribe Sophoreae and relationships between subfamilies Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae". Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 6: Structural Botany. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1994. pp. 53–96. ISBN 0947643788. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b "Papilionoid flowers from the early Eocene of southeastern North America". Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 4: The Fossil Record. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1992. pp. 43–55. ISBN 0947643400. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Molecular evolution of the Leguminosae: Phylogeny of the three subfamilies based on rbcL-sequences". Biochem Syst Ecol. 24 (5): 365–378. 1996. doi:10.1016/0305-1978(96)00032-4. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  10. ^ "The distribution and phylogenetic significance of a 50-Kb chloroplast DNA inversion in the flowering plant family Leguminosae". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 5 (2): 429–438. 1996. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0038. PMID 8728401. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  11. ^ "A phylogeny of the chloroplast gene rbcL in the Leguminosae: taxonomic correlations and insights into the evolution of nodulation". Am J Bot. 84 (4): 541–554. 1997. doi:10.2307/2446030. PMID 21708606. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  12. ^ a b "Phylogenetic relationships of basal papilionoid legumes based upon sequences of the chloroplast trnL intron". Syst Bot. 55 (5): 818–836. 2001. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.537. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  13. ^ "New insights into floral evolution of basal Papilionoideae from molecular phylogenies". Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2000. pp. 233–248. ISBN 184246017X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Tribe Sophoreae". Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2005. pp. 227–249. ISBN 1900347806. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Lock JM. (2005). "Tribe Thermopsideae". Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 263–265. ISBN 1900347806. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Ohashi H. (2005). "Tribe Euchresteae". Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 260–261. ISBN 1900347806. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ a b LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] (2013). "Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades". Taxon. 62 (2): 217–248. doi:10.12705/622.8.
  18. ^ "A phylogeny of Thermopsideae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences". Bot J Linn Soc. 151: 365–373. 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00512.x. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  19. ^ "Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.85 sequences in the tribe Millettieae (Fabaceae): Poecilanthe–Cyclolobium, the core Millettieae, and the Callerya group". Syst Bot. 27 (4): 722–733. 2002. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-27.4.722. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  20. ^ "Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages". Am J Bot. 99 (12): 1991–2013. 2012. doi:10.3732/ajb.1200380. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  21. ^ "A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family". Am J Bot. 91 (11): 1846–1862. 2004. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846. PMID 21652332. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  22. ^ "RbcL and legume phylogeny, with particular reference to Phaseoleae, Millettieae, and allies". Syst Bot. 26 (3): 515–536. 2001. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.515. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  23. ^ a b "Evolutionary rates analysis of Leguminosae implicates a rapid diversification of lineages during the tertiary". Syst Biol. 54 (4): 575–94. 2005. doi:10.1080/10635150590947131. PMID 16085576. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  24. ^ "Evolution of chemical defense traits in the Leguminosae: mapping of distribution patterns of secondary metabolites on a molecular phylogeny inferred from nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene". Biochem Syst Ecol. 31 (8): 897–917. 2003. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00085-1. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)

External links

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