Talk:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora

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Thank You Pylambert[edit]

Saying you have done an amazing job is a understatement :) Thank you so much for your hard work, I will try my best to keep up with you :D. I think all Assyrians should thank you for your work. Chaldean 15:26, 14 February 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Let's hope other Assyrian-related articles will become better thanks to the use of official and scientific references, not activist websites or articles who refer to unverifiable statistics. And let's hope everything you, Garzo or me are (and will be) doing won't be systematically destroyed... --Pylambert 15:48, 14 February 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Hi. It's my first attempt for editing a wiki page so please direct me in the right way if I wrote my comments to an inappropriate section. Since official and scientific references are mentioned to be important, I wanted to note that there has been no references for the Christian population numbers given in introduction regarding Ottoman Empire. I do not want to (and will not) go into discussion of "massacre" controversy, but asking for scientific or official references about the numbers is, I think, fair. According to a quick search (no worries, sources are carefully chosen to be unbiased) recent Armenian population is around 70.000 in Istanbul (reference in Turkish, and I'll try to find other sources or translate for you if need be), and if that is true, 10.000 Armenians in 1923 is not a reasonable number. Likewise, Greek population in 1924 is mentioned to be 110.000 only in Istanbul (Reference: http://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/g/greece/greec991.pdf), although which is way below right now because of nationalist waves forcing Greeks in Turkey to leave the country time to time. I have even come up with higher numbers up to 280.000 for 1924, but let's stick to 110.000. Hence, still, 20.000 Greeks in 1923 looks like missing the target by far. And a further comment, by its current look, introduction implies massacre of almost all Christians (5 million reducing to 60.000) in Ottoman Empire. I think it will be more scientific to check Ottoman Empire borders including 5 million (still in need of a scientific reference) Christians and the borders of Turkey in 1924, focusing on the lands with dominantly populated by Christian population. I have no attempt or will for denial of any killing/massacre of any nation, minority, person. However the introduction is includes speculative numbers as it is right now, and it sounds biased. And I feel these kind of biased/speculative information just produces counterparts elsewhere, making the truth more blurry and less accessible. Please, let me know if I can be of any help from Turkish resources/pages for any further addition on the page.Yazici (talk) 02:20, 6 February 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Thank You Khoikhoi[edit]

Thank you very much for the help in this page! :) Chaldean 14:50, 4 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]

You're welcome! There's one more ref that I need to fix - remind me if I forget. --Khoikhoi 20:33, 4 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Greece[edit]

I have removed the island of Makronisos. as far as i know, the island did not receive refugees, neither greek nor assyrians from asia minor. it had a very low population of fishermen till the civil war, and then was used as a place of exile for communists until 1974. now it is uninhabited. maybe i am wrong, but any possible assyrian refugees did not stay there...maybe they passed from the island before settling in attica. restore it, if i made a mistake. --Hectorian 20:50, 4 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]

You may be right, but here's the source that I found. Perhaps we could contact the Assyrian Union of Greece. --Khoikhoi 23:50, 4 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]
U are right,and i have no reason to object the accuracy of that source. but according to my knowledge of greece and to the fact that this small island was sort of a 'military zone' without actually indigenous population, and later uninhabited, i think that we should refer to the places where Assyrians settled and still reside in, and not those that they passed by. maybe we should reword the phrase in ' resided in....and now live in....'. (in the years after 1922 and subsequent the population exchange, the aegean islands served as a 'bridge' for the resettlement of the refugees in mainland greece-so, this makes sense). --Hectorian 00:15, 5 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]
I added "today uninhabited" in parenthesis. --Khoikhoi 01:22, 5 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]
Ok,perfect.i removed 'Saronikos', cause it is not an island or town, but simply the gulf of Athens. --Hectorian 01:59, 5 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]

I have added a population figure from ethnologue about the assyrians in greece. Although their number is probably higher (recent refugees from iraq), most of them are undocumented (or included in Iraquis in general). --Hectorian 03:19, 6 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, I tried really hard trying to find the Assyrian numbers in Greece. The majority of them like the rest of immigrants in Greece dont have any paper work, so even nationality census wouldn't tell us that much. I asked the Hellenic statistics office if they had any numbers on Assyrians, but all I got from them was this excel spreadshit [1] that only states which country an immigrant has come from. Chaldean 03:51, 6 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, the Hellenic statistics office counts the immigrants according to the country of origin, with no further divisions. I had read somewhere that their number in Greece is about 20,000 as a whole (descendants of Asia Minor refugees, refugees cause of the Iraq-Iran war, later of the Gulf and 2nd Gulf war, recent economic immigrants, regardless of citizenship and country of birth). to me, the number 20 thousands seems reasonable, but, unfortunately i cannot find an academic source, or an official source online. so, i cannot justify the accuracy of my words... --Hectorian 04:04, 6 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Yea, and plus you gotta remember that the majority of them are leaving for other western countries. Actually, I went through this as well. After gulf war one, the way we made it to Greece was actually from the North, Istanbul, rather then from soutern areas staright to Athens, like how Assyrian immigrants did it during asia minor crisis and after that. We came in a small boat from Istanbul to Samotraki [2], the boat dropped us off and we just waited for the Hellenic army to arrest us and take us in back to the main land. And of course, I and like all of the other 60 Assyrians that were on that boat with me, have all left Greece. I actually visited Ellatha last summer, and I visited every Assyrian community in the country, and I think 2000 seems a good estimate. 20000 is way overexaderated. But probably as much as 100,000 diffenet Assyrians since the beginning of hte 20th century have lived in Greece, but all left for westward or Australia.

ps - Zhto H Ellas :) Chaldean 04:43, 6 April 2006 (UTC)[reply]

POV[edit]

Sorry, I did not finish the explanation of removing the template. The "tone" of the introduction was changed long time ago, and the references are mostly Gov census. Chaldean 01:56, 11 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

It seems to me the article is still very much POV. For example,

"As with other Northern European countries, there is a dividing line in Sweden between the Aramaic speaking Christians. While the vast majority consider themselves Assyrian, there is a sizeable minority who refer to themselves as Syriac (Syrianska in Swedish.) They are mostly members of the Syriac Orthodox Church, but its important to note that not all Syriac Orthodox members identify with being Syriac only, as the majority of those who call themselves Assyrian are Syraic Orthodox as well.[42]"

It is widely accepted in Sweden (and the rest of the world) that the majority in Sweden consider themselves Aramean-Syriac (Syrianer in Swedish, not Syrianska). E.g. the Syriac federation in Sweden has 18923 members [3] and the Assyrian 9221 members [4].

"Since World War I, the Assyrian diaspora has steadily increased so that there are now more Assyrians living in western and eastern Europe, North America and Australia, than in the Middle East."

This is not true either, and it can easily be proven. The Assyrian people article states that their are 1,3 million Assyrians in Iraq, the total population is most likely less than 2 million (check the discussion page in Assyrian people since the total population stated in the article is strongly POV).

Obviously this isn't all, this article also claims thtat "there was an Assyrian minister in the Swedish government, Ibrahim Baylan."

So there is much more work to do until this article is free from POV. The TriZ (talk) 01:07, 18 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]

We cant tell if the majority are Assyrians or Syriacs in Sweden. The members in the Assyrian/Syriac federations show us only the members and not the people! The members in the Assyrian/Syriac federations will be around 30 000, but there are atleast 60-80 tousend Assyrian/Syriac in Sweden. My point is that we cant realy tell if the majority are consider themselve as Assyrians or Syriacs --WestAssyrian (talk) 16:58, 14 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Sweden[edit]

WestAssyrian (talk · contribs)s last edit, [5], is only a proof of his own POV. Which is being very clear, since for example the Syriac federation in Sweden has 18 923 members ([6]) while the Assyrian has 9 221 members ([7]), which shows that clearly Aramean-Syriacs are in majority and not Assyrians. The TriZ (talk) 15:12, 11 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

We cant tell if the majority are Assyrians or Syriacs in Sweden. The members in the Assyrian/Syriac federations show us only the members and not the people! The members in the Assyrian/Syriac federations will be around 30 000, but there are atleast 60-80 tousend Assyrian/Syriac in Sweden. My point is that we cant realy tell if the majority are consider themselve as Assyrians or Syriacs. So its better to remove this sentence --WestAssyrian (talk) 16:59, 14 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

No it is not, based on the numbers and the fact that the Syriac federation has more than double as many members as the Assyrian counterpart, it's pretty telling that the vast majority in Sweden sympathizes with the Aramean identity. The TriZ (talk) 01:21, 15 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

The website on the Syriac Federation does not mention anything about Arameans. There are people in the federation who do identify as Syriac Assyrians.

Did you miss the Syriac-Aramaic flag? The TriZ (talk) 19:19, 15 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Syriacs who identify as Assyrians also use that flag. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.201.99.34 (talk) 02:14, 16 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

It's the Syriac-Aramaic flag, if anyone identify as Assyrian, they will use the Assyrian flag. The TriZ (talk) 02:22, 16 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

If they are Syriac and identify as Assyrian, they use the Syriac flag and the Assyrian flag. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.201.99.34 (talk) 02:36, 16 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

The federations number dont tell us the majority of the people in Sweden we are atleast 60-80 tousend! the federation numbers show us 30 tousend! and aramean identity is only one term of a Syriac identity! there are also Syriacs which dont consider themselv as arameans! --WestAssyrian (talk) 15:18, 16 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

There is no better indicator than this, you had no problems earlier when you said that Assyrian were in majority even though you had nothing to back that up. Since you're from Sweden you know that Syriacs are in majority, it's general knowledge, and it's proven by the federation numbers. Also if there are Assyrians whom uses the Syriac flag, there must be Syriacs who use the Assyrian flag, right? So they take eachother out. The TriZ (talk) 16:43, 16 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

If you are referring to East Assyrians, no they do not use the Syriac flag. All people who say they are "Syriac" belong to either the Syriac Orthodox Church or the Syriac Catholic Church, and those who identify as "Syriac Assyrians" or "West Assyerian" use both the Syriac flag and the Assyrian flag. The Syriac flag does not indicate association with an "Aramean" identity. So they do not take eachother out. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.201.99.34 (talk) 22:06, 16 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Time for a namechange? "Assyrian" is incorrect word for Eastern Aramaic people so plz discuss before changing Eastern Aramean or Aramean to a incorrerct term "Assyrian"[edit]

Assyrians died out after collapse of the Assyrian Empire. The people that callaing they Assyrrians are Arameans. You cannot call the language "Assyrian language" because: the Ancient Assyrian language did not even exist, it was a mixture between Sumerian & Akkadian language, with more word from Akkadian. The word "Ashuraya/Athuraya" did not even exist in ancient Assyrian. The only word that is closely related is "Ashur", which is the King of the ancient Assyrian Gods, but yet they did not call themselves Ashuri/Ashuraya, they called themselves "Akkadu", meaning Akkdidan. People say "Assyrian language" which is incorrect. The language so called "Assyrian language" is Eastern Aramaic dialect, ancient Assyrians wrote in a Cuneiform (Akkadian to be precise) which contained over 500 charachters (1 for each syllable + combination), the language that they actually write in is a form of Aramaic (the Eastern dialect). Although many Eastern Arameans use the Ashuri (ancient Assyrian) flag, which is incorrect, you cannot suddenly change the name of the dialect from it's origin from "Maḏenḥoyo/Surith" to "Ashuraya/Athuraya", this is typical propaganda from Ḥanna Ḥajjar.== Since the mainpage has changed name and the Syriac diaspora article was merged into this, so I think it's time to change the name of this article to.

Assyrians never been killed by Ottomans[edit]

Its the tale of Armenian diaspora, Assyrians were the most respectible nation in the Ottoman Empire, and they never been get into the job of ringo, like armenians did. they never strike at back like armenian gypsies. God bless all of them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.108.11.75 (talk) 12:25, 1 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Genocides by the Ottomans are a fact of history. See Armenian Genocide and other articles.--DThomsen8 (talk) 14:18, 4 August 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Request Move[edit]

The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was move all. Aervanath (talk) 16:54, 24 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]


Assyrian/Syriac diaspora → Assyrian diaspora — Relisting to generate more input. —harej (talk) (cool!) 19:04, 16 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Per concensus with the main page (Assyrian people.) Concensus can be found here: Talk:Assyrian_people#Requested_move. All of these pages were moved last year with no discussion by a banned user (User:AramaeanSyriac.) Thus, they need to be moved back to their original names.

Iraqi (talk) 15:07, 9 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

  • I moved the {{movereq}} tag back to this section, because the bot that updates Wikipedia:Requested moves expects to find the reason for the move just under the tag. I also copied your signature after the first line so that the bot finds the correct date of the request. I hope it's ok. Jafeluv (talk) 16:02, 9 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
    • Since this is a multi-move request, I deleted the dup sig so that the bot would copy over all the moves to WP:RM. 199.125.109.124 (talk) 16:21, 9 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
      • Ah, it works like that. I assumed that was why it didn't find the correct date, but I guess it was just the placement of {{movereq}} that messed it up. Jafeluv (talk) 16:32, 9 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Chaldean, why are you saying the articles were moved by "a banned user (User:AramaeanSyriac.)"? Take Assyrians/Syriacs in Turkey as an example, it was created by one of your Assyrian friends User:Sargonious who was blocked indefinite and the article was moved to its current title by User:Dbachmann (a wikipedia admin, not the banned user you mentioned). The TriZ (talk) 16:12, 10 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Check the history of the page. It was moved by the suspected sock puppet User:VegardNorman. Iraqi (talk) 17:04, 10 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
  • Weak and conditional support. A simple page name is best; but the obligation to explain in the article that these are different names, and that different people self-identify by each of them, becomes ever stronger as they are simplified. Straighten that out, and then move. And if I see another article claiming that the nineteenth-century usage of Assyrian goes back to Tiglath-Pileser, I'm going to start adding {{cn}}. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 20:12, 9 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
There already is a page that explains the different naming issue and self-identity; Names of Assyrian Christians (page was also moved with no discussion) Iraqi (talk) 00:11, 10 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Looks like a nice article, although colonial times is a trifle vague for the Ottoman Empire. A one sentence summary of it, even in the most general terms, would be about what I have in mind. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 02:20, 10 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
The link you provided only shows an argument by 2-3 uses. Iraqi (talk) 00:00, 10 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
And why the link you provided shows a wrongfully made poll is explained in detail at the mainpages talkpage. The TriZ (talk) 00:49, 10 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
  • May I ask that we do not close this vote until I make my mind, which I promise to do in 48 hours. Thank you. If not, alert me to vote if you are about to close this vote. Gabr-el 01:12, 10 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
  • Gabr, check WP:Requested moves to see for how long remains such a discussion open. I have the memory of the gold-fisth, but let me guess ... at least 7 days?!--Yannismarou (talk) 13:58, 10 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
  • Maybe some of the proposed article moves should be dealt with ad hoc to respect the preferred terminology in the countries in question. However, support a move away from the slash/stroke (/) format. Use "Assyrians and Syriacs in Ruritania" if both terms are warranted. — AjaxSmack 07:01, 11 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Comment: I think that Ajax maybe correct. An ad hoc approach may be more appropriate. I also agree that the slash/stroke format is ugly, but Assyrians and Syriacs in Lebanon may be ok.--Yannismarou (talk) 17:14, 11 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

I disagree. "Assyrians and Syriacs" would imply that Assyrians and Syriacs refer to different things. We should either a) pick one and use it consistently, or b) use one term per article on an ad hoc basis. I'm very much in favour of a). Jafeluv (talk) 13:03, 12 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
If one group of people insists on being called Syriacs and another Assyrians, then they are different even if only in that sense. The article intros can explain this if necessary. — AjaxSmack 23:49, 13 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Correct me if I'm wrong, but reading Names of Syriac Christians, I get the idea that "Assyrians" refer to "Syriacs" as "Assyrians" as well, and the other way around. It's not just a self-identification for the group itself, but an identification for the larger group as a whole. Also, even if this was not the case, using "Assyrians and Syriacs" presents a problem by leaving out the subgroups that identify as Chaldeans, Aramaeans or Phoenicians. Jafeluv (talk) 08:48, 14 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Support Gabr-el 07:24, 19 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Move discussion in progress[edit]

There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Assyrian people which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 22:15, 12 August 2010 (UTC)[reply]

The move was never actually based on consensus. It was just a vote ballot-stuffed by the Assyrianist faction. Wikipedia doesn't work like that. --dab (𒁳) 16:12, 27 December 2010 (UTC)[reply]

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"Assyrian" is incorrect word for Eastern Aramaic people so plz discuss before changing Eastern Aramean or Aramean to a incorrerct term "Assyrian"[edit]

Assyrians died out after collapse of the Assyrian Empire. The people that callaing they Assyrrians are Arameans.

You cannot call the language "Assyrian language" because: the Ancient Assyrian language did not even exist, it was a mixture between Sumerian & Akkadian language, with more word from Akkadian. The word "Ashuraya/Athuraya" did not even exist in ancient Assyrian. The only word that is closely related is "Ashur", which is the King of the ancient Assyrian Gods, but yet they did not call themselves Ashuri/Ashuraya, they called themselves "Akkadu", meaning Akkdidan. People say "Assyrian language" which is incorrect. The language so called "Assyrian language" is Eastern Aramaic dialect, ancient Assyrians wrote in a Cuneiform (Akkadian to be precise) which contained over 500 charachters (1 for each syllable + combination), the language that they actually write in is a form of Aramaic (the Eastern dialect). Although many Eastern Arameans use the Ashuri (ancient Assyrian) flag, which is incorrect, you cannot suddenly change the name of the dialect from it's origin from "Maḏenḥoyo/Surith" to "Ashuraya/Athuraya", this is typical propaganda from Ḥanna Ḥajjar.— Preceding unsigned comment added by Eren202tr ‎ (talk • contribs) 01:14, November 8, 2019 (UTC)

”Assyrian”[edit]

”The Assyrian diaspora ... refers to the Assyrians...”. Why not change it to “...refers to the Assyrians & Arameans”? Since the Arameans are in a diaspora as well, and everyone consider them as the same people. Shabo.Hanna.Izgin (talk) 18:28, 8 January 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Syrian-Aramean terminology[edit]

In the French dictionary under the name Aramean it gives the explanation of two names: Araméen and Syrie, syriaque.[1]

Another authoritative dictionary is the English one, under the name Aramean it gives a similar explaining, that is; Aramean and Syrian.[2]

In the Hebrew dictionary the word Aram gives us the impression of two names; Aram and Syrian (syriac)[3] Note: Search for the word Aramite/Aramean and Syrian.

By Biblical translations the word Syria gives the meaning of Aram. [4]

By the Catholic Encyclopedia the term ’’Syria’’ gives the meaning of ‘’Aram’’ and ‘’Arameans’’. [5]

In German litterateur; regarding their ”Semetic studies” the word ”Syria” and ”Syriac” is translated to ”Aram” and ”Aramean”. (Prof. Dietrich Hermann Hegewisch & Prof. Theodor Mommsen & Prof. Theodor Nöldeke & Prof. Karl Eduard Sachau)

Now moving on to different Syriac dictionaries, these are most important since they are in the Aramaic language itself. Lets start with Bar Bahlul († 963), he compiled his famous "Lexicon", a small encyclopedia in which he collected, together with the lexicographical works of his predecessors. He wrote in his lexicon under the term "Syria":

”Syria was derived from king Syrus (Cyrus) either during his lifetime or after his death. This Syrus had killed his brother and ruled Mesopotamia. His whole kingdom was called Syria. The Syriacs were formerly called Arameans , but when Syrus ruled over them, they were henceforth called Syriacs."[6]

Next we have Elias of Nisibis (†1046) who was the Metropolitan of Nisibis. He was a prolific author, who wrote many works both in Arabic and in Syriac. In his Syriac-Arabic dictionary the term "Aramean” is renowned in "Syriac”. He equates the terms as a single one which means they have the same meaning. [7]

Next we have Abraham Yohannan , born in Urmia [Iran] in 1853 and died in New York in 1925. In his ‘modern’ Syriac-English dictionary he writes:

‘’According to generally accepted opinion the Syriacs were first known as Aramoye or Oromoye, which is Arameans, and their spoken language is Aramaya or Oromoyo, which is Aramaic. The language of the New Testament seems to make a distinction between Armoye and Oromoye grammar. Syriac lexicographers and commentators agree as regards this distinction. The former expression is used to designate the Hellenists or Pagans and the latter is applied to Syriac Christians. In course of time, however, the designation Suryaya or Suryoyo or Suroyo (Syrian/Syriac) came to be replaced by Aramean because the latter expression sounded pagan. Hitherto, indeed, it displeased the Arameans these things, that Syriac Christians despised Aramaic literature until its inception, and probably because it was destroyed by the Gentiles. The term Suraye is generally admitted to have been given to the people by the Greeks, though Syria retains a national tradition which was in use from before the Aramean designation, and the Greeks understood it from the Arameans.” [8]

Eugene Manna (1867-1928), born in Iraq was an educator and later Metropolitan of Basra Iraq. In addition to his lexicon, he wrote a Syriac grammar and two-volume Syriac literature collection "Selected Pieces of Aramaic Literature". In his Aramaic-Arabic dictionary he writes the following about the term ’’Syrian/Syriac’’:

Syriacs in general, whether East or West, were not called Syrians in ancient times , but Arameans dependent on their progenitor Aram, son of Shem, son of Noah. The dated name of Syria from a time was about 400 or 500 BC [...] […] The term Syrian was adopted by the eastern Arameans after Christ through the apostles, who had proselytized these countries.[9]

Last, but not least is a Syriac Dictionary by archbishop Touma Audo, an Aramean-Chaldean scholar and archbishop of Urmia, Iran. Touma Audo published ”The treasury of the Syriac language” in the year 1897 and it is the only Syriac Dictionary that is still used today by Syriac monks, teachers and bishops. If we look under the word Aramean (Aramaye) what we find is Aramean renowned in Syriac: Aramaya, Aramaye hanaw den Suryaye, Leshana suryaya aramaya. In English: Arameans i.e Syriacs, Aramaic language (which is) Syriac language. And if we read his preface he writes quotes like ’’The Aramean name is our genuine and original name’’.[10]

Footnotes (All of these are available to read online)

[1] Dictionnaire Syriaque-Francais

[2] Syriac-French-English-Arabic-Dictionary : Louis Costaz, C.J.

[3] Strong's Lexicon Search Results

[4] Syria from the McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia.

[5] Syria - Encyclopedia Volume - Catholic Encyclopedia - Catholic Online

[6] (R. Duval (ed.), Lexicon Syriacum, Paris, 1888-1901, p. 1323-1324)

[7] Dr. D. Chwolsohn in Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus, Band I., St. Petersburg, Buchdruckerei der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1856, p. 440)

[8] Syriac-English dictionary by Abraham Yohannan, Part 1, Columbia University, New York 1900, introduction

[9] Bishop JE Manna, Chaldean-Arabic Dictionary, Babel Center Publications. Beirut 1915, p. 11-21

[10] Treasure Of The Syriac Language (volume 1) : Thomas Audo. 185.176.246.64 (talk) 18:33, 21 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

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