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Retardo

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I searched "Retardo" and was redirected to this page.. ????? 72.84.76.17 (talk) 22:51, 30 July 2014 (UTC)[reply]

A Google search suggests that "Retardo" is a brand name drug that contains phenformin.


The identifying numbers on the article (CAS, etc) are for phenformin. The "Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics" section discusses phenformin hydrochloride, which has different identifying numbers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.193.84.250 (talk) 17:37, 23 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

anticancer section

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Formerly the anticancer was a work of WP:OR, picking and choosing this and that primary source to tell a story. This is not how we edit WP. Here is the section as it was:


Phenformin, along with buformin and metformin, inhibits the growth and development of cancer. Respective studies were initiated by Vladimir Dilman (see f.e.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The anticancer property of these drugs may be due to their ability to disrupt the Warburg effect and revert the cytosolic glycolysis characteristic of cancer cells to normal oxidation of pyruvate by the mitochondria.[7] Metformin reduces liver glucose production in diabetics and disrupts the Warburg effect in cancer by AMPK activation and inhibition of the mTor pathway.[8]

Recent studies have shown that phenformin and metformin are inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I, the former drug being more potent. Phenformin is less polar and more lipid soluble and exhibits a higher affinity for mitochondrial membranes than metformin.[9] It has been demonstrated that phenformin also inhibits mitochondrial complex I to exert its antitumor effects in experimental models of cancer.[10]

References

  1. ^ Dilman, VM; Berstein, LM; Zabezhinski, MA; Alexandrov, VA; Bobrov, JF; Pliss, GB (1978). "Inhibition of DMBA-induced carcinogenesis by phenformin in the mammary gland of rats". Archiv für Geschwulstforschung. 48 (1): 1–8.
  2. ^ Caracia, Filippo; Chisari, Mariangela; Frasca, Giuseppina; Chiechio, Santina; Salomone, Salvatore; Pinto, Antonio; Angela Sortino, Maria; Bianchi, Alfredo (2003). "Effects of phenformin on the proliferation of human tumor cell lines". Life Sciences. 74 (5): 643–650. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.015.
  3. ^ Anisimov, Vladimir N. (2003). "Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway driving aging and cancer as a target for pharmacological intervention". Experimental Gerontology. 38 (10): 1041–1049. doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(03)00169-4.
  4. ^ Alexandrov, Valery A.; Anisimov, Vladimir N.; Belous, Natalia M.; Vasilyeva, Inna A.; Mazon, Vera B. (1980). "The inhibition of the transplacental blastomogenic effect of nitrosomethylurea by postnatal administration of buformin to rats". Carcinogenesis. 1 (12): 975–978. doi:10.1093/carcin/1.12.975.
  5. ^ Anisimov, VN; Ostroumova, MN; Dil'man, VM (1980). "Inhibition of the blastomogenic effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in female rats by buformin, diphenin, a polypeptide pineal extract and L-DOPA". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 89 (6): 819–822. doi:10.1007/bf00836263.
  6. ^ Anisimov, Vladimir N.; Berstein, Lev M.; Popovich, Irina G.; Zabezhinski, Mark A.; Egormin, Peter A.; Tyndyk, Margarita L.; Anikin, Ivan V.; Semenchenko, Anna V.; Yashin, Anatoli I. (2005). "Central and Peripheral Effects of Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling in Aging and Cancer: Antidiabetic Drugs as Geroprotectors and Anticarcinogens". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1057: 220–234. doi:10.1196/annals.1356.017.
  7. ^ Vander Heiden, Matthew G.; Cantley, Lewis C.; Thompson, Craig B. (2009). "Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation". Science. 324 (5930): 1029–1033. doi:10.1126/science.1160809. PMC 2849637. PMID 19460998.
  8. ^ Shaw, RJ; Lamia, KA; Vasquez, D; Koo, SH; Bardeesy, N; Depinho, RA; Montminy, M; Cantley, LC (Dec 2005). "The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin". Science. 310 (5754): 1642–6. doi:10.1126/science.1120781.
  9. ^ Weinberg, Samuel E; Chandel, Navdeep S. "Targeting mitochondria metabolism for cancer therapy". Nature Chemical Biology. 11 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1712. PMC 4340667. PMID 25517383.
  10. ^ Birsoy, Kıvanç; Possemato, Richard; Lorbeer, Franziska K.; Bayraktar, Erol C.; Thiru, Prathapan; Yucel, Burcu; Wang, Tim; Chen, Walter W.; Clish, Clary B. "Metabolic determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to glucose limitation and biguanides". Nature. 508 (7494): 108–112. doi:10.1038/nature13110. PMC 4012432. PMID 24670634.

I replaced that with this, sourced to recent secondary sources, as every content policy calls us to do:

Vladimir Dilman first proposed in 1971 that biguanides like metformin and phenformin may have potential to treat cancer, prevent cancer, and to extend life, an idea that was subsequently supported by in vitro and animal studies, as well as an apparent reduction in the incidence of cancer in people taking metformin for diabetes.[1] Laboratory studies attribute these apparent effects to inhibition of mTOR[1] inhibition of complex I,[2] and inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b Anisimov VN. Do metformin a real anticarcinogen? A critical reappraisal of experimental data. Ann Transl Med. 2014 Jun;2(6):60. Review. PMID: 25333035 PMC 4200660
  2. ^ Pryor R, Cabreiro F. Repurposing metformin: an old drug with new tricks in its binding pockets. Biochem J. 2015 Nov 1;471(3):307-22. Review. PMID 26475449 PMC 4613459
  3. ^ Leone A, et al. New perspective for an old antidiabetic drug: metformin as anticancer agent. Cancer Treat Res. 2014;159:355-76. Review. PMID 24114491

- Jytdog (talk) 02:48, 23 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I'd like to see the compare-and-contrast bit with metformin in the article (but as part of its chemistry, not as if it has anything to do with cancer). Other than that, I think the newer version is more encyclopedic. That is, it's a better summary of the main points rather than a catalog of details and individual studies. WhatamIdoing (talk) 15:51, 23 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
a compare/contrast would be a good idea--Ozzie10aaaa (talk) 17:10, 23 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
The Anisimov review (2014, Ann. Transl. Med.) makes me a bit twitchy. The guy's obviously been into the field for a long time, so he knows the arguments for his own side, but the piece may be geared more towards advocating for his position rather than presenting a balanced review of the literature. The journal itself is too new to have an impact factor (only around since 2013), but doesn't look like it's going to be a particularly highly-cited venue; it's part of a stable of new open-access journals from a Chinese publisher I've never heard of. While quality of English doesn't necessarily correlate closely with quality of science, the paper itself is in desperate need of basic copy editing. (The title itself – "Do metformin a real anticarcinogen? A critical reappraisal of experimental data" &dnash; is just wrong.) The author, Anisimov, also cites himself pretty heavily—24 out of 81 cites are his own papers, which is an awfully narrow field. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 19:13, 23 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
Thanks for catching that User:TenOfAllTrades - I missed that. i torpedoed that source. Jytdog (talk) 08:28, 28 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
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