Tetela del Volcán
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Tetela del Volcán or simply Tetela, is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Morelos. It is located on the slopes of the volcano Popocatépetl. 18°57′48″N 99°15′12″W / 18.96333°N 99.25333°W. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. It is notable for its sixteenth century Dominican ex-convent which together with a number of other early monasteries nearby in the area has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The municipality reported 16,428 inhabitants in the year 2000 census. Other towns in the municipality of Tetela del Volcán include Hueyapan, Xochicalco (not to be confused with the archeological site of the same name) and Tlamimilulpan.
The toponym Tetela comes from Nahuatl and means "place of rocks". The Volcán ("volcano") referred to is, of course, Popocatépetl.
History
In 1503, Tetela del Volcán and nearby Hueyapan were subjugated to the Aztec Empire by Moctezuma II. The first Spaniards to arrive in Tetela were Bernardino Vázquez de Tapia and Pedro de Alvarado in 1519. After the fall of Tenochtitlán Cortés arrived in Tetela del Volcán, where he found the Indians to be resistant and fierce. According to Diego Durán their subjugation was achieved only thanks to the intervention of María Estrada and her husband Pedro Sánchez Farfán, for which Cortés awarded the couple the lands of Tetela as an encomienda. In 1561 this encomienda was revoked and laid under the Spanish Crown directly, and in the Relacion Geográfica from 1665 this "realengo" appears to be administrated by corregidor Cristóbal Martínez de Maldonado.[1]
In the 17th century the indigenous authorities were still functioning to a large extent (Gibson) and the Spanish and native government coexisted for a while as separate systems.
In 1784, Tetela del Volcán was incorporated into the Subdelegación de Cuautla and lost its status as "cabecera" (capital) of the district. When the administrative structure of corregimientos and alcaldías was abolished Tetela lost any special status.
When the state of Morelos was first established, Tetela del Volcán belonged to the municipality of Ocuituco. It was established as a separate municipality on January 31, 1937, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas. During the early period of PRI governance municipal presidents were mostly appointed by the state governor.[2]
After the 2006 Mexican election, Mario Soberanes (Nueva Alianza) was elected municipal president[1][2] and became the first citizen of Hueyapan to be elected president of the municipality. He was also the first municipal president from a party other than the Institutional Revolutionary Party since the municipality's founding [3].
Monastery
The monastery of San Juan Bautista in Tetela del Volcán is one of the Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl and a UNESCO world heritage site.[3] It was built by the Dominicans in the first half of the 16th century and was even visited by Hernán Cortés.[4] The exterior has arcades that surround the complex but are partially hidden by trees. The upper parts of the walls around the complex are covered in paint, the lower floor of the cloister has figures depicted in the arches and walls. In the vaults over the walkways, there are numerous cherubs defeating evil spirits and some even fighting with each other.[5] One unique architectural element is the Moorish-style wood been roofing in the sacristy.[6]
Municipal Presidents
| Name | Period of presidency |
|---|---|
| Pompeyo Montero Rodríguez (PRI) | 1958-1960 |
| Venancio Anzurez Mendoza (PRI) | 1961-1963 |
| Carlos Pérez Solís (PRI) | 1964-1966 |
| Anselmo Martínez Reyes (PRI) | 1967-1970 |
| Ladislao Trujillo Arenas (PRI) | 1970-1973 |
| León Montero Rodríguez (PRI) | 1973-1976 |
| Rosendo Rodríguez García (PRI) | 1976-1979 |
| Silvano Ariza Mendoza (PRI) | 1979-1982 |
| Pablo Torres Mendoza (PRI) | 1982-1985 |
| Mario Jiménez Gutiérrez (PRI) | 1985-1988 |
| Vardomiano Vazaldua Carrillo (PRI) | 1988-1991 |
| Paulino Velázquez Álvarez (PRI) | 1991-1994 |
| Leopoldo Mendoza Lavín (PRI) | 1994-1997 |
| Leoncio Pérez Jiménez (PRI) | 1997-2000 |
| Antonio López Mendoza (PRI) | 2000-2003 |
| Jorge Lozada Martinez (PRI) | 2003-2006 |
| Mario Soberanes Perez (NA) | 2006-2009 |
| Jorge Hernandez Mendieta (PAN, previously PSD)) | 2009-2012 |
| Javier Montes (PV, previously PAN and PT) | 2012-2015 |
| Ana Berta Haro Sánchez (NA) | 2015-2018 |
References
- ^ Martínez Marín, Carlos. 1968. Tetela del Volcán: su historia y su convento. Mexico, D.F. : Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas.
- ^ Arias, Patricia, and Lucía Bazán. 1979. Demandas y conflicto: el poder político en un pueblo de Morelos. México, D.F.: Centro de Investigaciones Superiores del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: Editorial Nueva Imagen.
- ^ "Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl". World Heritage Organization. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "Explora la Ruta de los Monasterios" [Explore the Route of the Monasteries]. Terra (in Spanish). Mexico. May 10, 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Heidy Torres (April 3, 2004). "La Ruta de los Volcanes: Vigilan conventos el sueno del Popo" [The Route of the Volcanos: Monasteries watch the sleep of Popocatepetl]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 16.
- ^ "Los monasterios en las laderas del Popocatépetl" [The monasteries on the sides of Popocatepel] (in Spanish). Catholic.net Inc. 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- http://www.e-morelos.gob.mx/e-gobierno/DirMunicipios/tetela_del_volcan.htm
- Tetela del Volcán, Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México
- This article draws partly on material from the Spanish Language Wikipedia
