The Chips Are Down (screenplay)
Les jeux sont faits is a screenplay written by Jean-Paul Sartre in 1943 and published in 1947. The title translates literally as "The Plays are Made", an idiomatic French expression used mainly in casino gambling meaning the bets have been placed. An English translation (no longer in print) was made from the French by Louise Varése in 1952, and published as The Chips Are Down.
The story is set in Paris, in a setting vaguely suggestive of either occupied France or Vichy France during World War II. The plot concerns two characters, Pierre Dumaine and Ève Charlier. They are predestined to be soulmates, but this destiny is prevented by their premature violent deaths, and they do not meet until passing into the afterlife.
Plot synopsis
Ève and Pierre have never met each other in their respective lives. At the beginning of the book, Ève is very sick, and unknown to her, it is her husband André who is poisoning her, in order to marry her sister Lucette and keep the dowry. Pierre on the other hand is planning a revolution, but is killed by his friend Lucien. Both Pierre and Ève do not realize that they have been dead for a while. Pierre and Ève realize different truths about their own lives as they walk invisibly as ghosts amongst the living, with the power to interact only with other deceased souls. Pierre and Ève have difficulty adjusting to this powerless condition. They meet each other in line to register at a bureaucratic clearing house for the recently deceased. They meet each other in the dead, and slowly find out that there has been a mistake. They are surprised to be informed that there has been a mistake in the paperwork and in fact they were predestined to be soulmates, according to article 140.
Pierre and Ève are revived and are given 24 hours in order to show their love to each other, otherwise their second chance at life will be revoked. However, they are each distracted by unfinished business from their previous lives. Ève was poisoned by her husband, and needs to convince her sister that he is not a good man. Pierre needs to stop a revolution he had planned to overthrow the Regent. In death, Pierre has discovered the Regent knows of the plans to revolt, and Pierre realizes that if the revolt occurs it will result in the massacre of his friends and the end of the resistance.
Unable to explain the unique circumstances in which they acquired their knowledge, they both have difficulty convincing their friends of what they know is the right thing to do. Neither is able to completely dissociate themselves from the things that were once important to them, and they realize that by not concentrating on their love they might be sacrificing their second chance at life.
Characters
Pierre Dumaine – Pierre is a leader of an underground resistance movement against the local Regent in the unnamed city in which the story is set. His death was a result of a betrayal by Lucien, another member of the rebellion, and a police informant.
Ève Charlier – Ève is the wife of André Charlier, the Chief of the Militia (Milice). Like Pierre, her death is a result of betrayal. Her husband André slowly killed her by poisoning her drinks as she lay stricken in bed, in order to inherit her wealth and marry her beautiful younger sister for her dowry.
André Charlier – Ève's husband, who kills her and is warming up to Lucette
Lucette – Ève's sister, who is very naive
Analysis
Pierre and Ève are permitted to return to the living for the express purpose of falling in love. But in the afterlife they have seen terrible things that they overlooked while living and attempt to prevent these things from occurring, rather than loving one another. After 24 hours, the pair die once more, having accomplished nothing, including a consummation of their love. This reinforces Sartre's view that one is condemned to follow one's choices (see determinism)[1], no matter how good or bad. He also shows that it is impossible to know if a choice is right, even if it is done with the best possible motivations. To Sartre, there is no absolute truth or morality. Instead, he suggests in this screenplay that destiny will always win over the power of life.
Sartre shows that though freedom is perhaps an illusion, it is also a necessity. Pierre and Ève realize the absurdity of death as they wander the streets and witness the problems of friends and loved ones after their second demise. They are powerless to help and thus powerless to relieve themselves of their own suffering in reaction to what they see; they are forced to view life, yet they cannot participate in it themselves since they are mere ghosts. All that keeps us from leading useless, fleeting lives is our power and freedom to interact with the surrounding world according to our own choices.
Film adaptation
A film adaptation directed by Jean Delannoy was made in 1947, with Micheline Presle playing the role of Eve and Marcel Pagliero as Pierre.
References
- ^ Interview with Paul Carrière in Le Figaro 29th april 1947; in this interview Sartre makes clear that the screenplay is not influenced by the controversial idea of existentialism.