Tourettism
Tourettism refers to the presence of Tourette-like symptoms in the absence of Tourette syndrome, as the result of other diseases or conditions, known as "secondary causes".
Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological condition of multiple motor and at least one vocal tic. Although Tourette syndrome is the most common cause of tic disorders,[1] other sporadic, genetic, and neurodegenerative disorders may also exhibit tics.[2]
Tic mimickers
Genetic/chromosomal
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Citrullinemia
- Down syndrome
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Fragile X syndrome
- Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
- Huntington's disease
- Klinefelter's syndrome
- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
- Neuroacanthocytosis
- Neurodegeneration
- Phenylketonuria
- Schizophrenia
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Wilson disease
- XYY syndrome
Infectious or post-infectious
Developmental
- Pervasive developmental disorders
- Intellectual disability
- Static encephalopathy
- Stereotypic movement disorder
Toxins/insults/acquired
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Cerebral palsy
- Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Head trauma
- Hypoglycemia
- Intrauterine exposure to illicit drugs
- Intrauterine infections
- Mercury
- Neurocutaneous syndromes
- Neurosyphilis
- Perinatal asphyxia
- Stroke
- Wasp venom
Drugs
- Levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa)
- Carbamazepine (Atretol, Epitol, Tegretol)
- Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
- Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- Phenobarbital
- Antipsychotics (e.g.; haloperidol)[3][4]
See also
Notes
- ^ Jankovic J, Mejia NI (2006). "Tics associated with other disorders". Adv Neurol. 99: 61–8. PMID 16536352.
- ^ Mejia NI, Jankovic J (March 2005). "Secondary tics and tourettism" (PDF). Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 27 (1): 11–7. doi:10.1590/s1516-44462005000100006. PMID 15867978. Archived from the original on 2007-06-28.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Bharucha KJ, Sethi KD (Nov 1995). "Tardive tourettism after exposure to neuroleptic therapy". Mov Disord. 10 (6): 791–3. doi:10.1002/mds.870100613. PMID 8749999.
- ^ eMedicine article on Tardive dyskinesia Full article
References
- Bagheri M, Kerbeshian J, Burd L (1999). "Recognition and management of Tourette's syndrome and tic disorders". Am Fam Physician. 59 (8): 2263–72, 2274. PMID 10221310. Full text
- Black, Kevin J. Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders. eMedicine.com March 22, 2006.
- Evidente, GH. "Is it a tic or Tourette's? Clues for differentiating simple from more complex tic disorders." PostGraduate Medicine Online. October 2000 108:5.
- Jankovic J, Mejia NI (2006). "Tics associated with other disorders". Adv Neurol. 99: 61–8. PMID 16536352.
- Mejia NI, Jankovic J (March 2005). "Secondary tics and tourettism" (PDF). Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 27 (1): 11–7. doi:10.1590/s1516-44462005000100006. PMID 15867978.
- eMedicine article on Tardive dyskinesia Full article
External links
- Erer S, Jankovic J (Feb 2007). "Adult onset tics after peripheral injury". Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 14: 75–6. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2006.12.009. PMID 17292653.