Townpark
In the history of land use in Ireland, a townpark or town park was a smallholding near a town and farmed by someone resident in the town.[1] Typically, a major landowner provided a contiguous area near the town which was subdivided into multiple townparks, each rented on a short-term lease, for a higher rent than that paid by a full-time resident farmer.
Townlands[edit]
The Boundary Survey of 1825–44, associated with Griffith's Valuation and the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, set down the names and denominations of subdivisions of land. Griffith often erected a contiguous block of townparks into a single townland named "Town Parks" or "Town Parks of [name of town]". The 1901 townland index recorded such townlands by the following towns: Ballycastle, Larne, Ballymena, Antrim, Ballymoney, Ballyhaise, Cavan, Cloyne, Midleton, Lifford, Ballyshannon, Newtownards, Skerries (Holmpatrick civil parish), Swords, Ballinasloe, Galway, Portumna, Castledermot, Athy, Birr, Daingean (then Philipstown), Carrick on Shannon, Longford, Newtown Forbes, Ardee, Dundalk, Navan, Athboy, Kells, Borris-in-Ossory, Mountmellick, Roscrea, Carrick-on-Suir, Cahir, Lismore, Delvin, Wexford, Lismore, Tallow, Tuam, Donaghadee, and Killeshandra.[2] There were also "Town Fields" (Borrisokane), "Town Lands" (Clonakilty), "Town Lot" (Tipperary), "Town Lots" (Bantry), and "Townplots" (Kinsale and Killala).[2] Town Parks was also the townland containing the centre of Belfast; it is listed in the 1861 index,[3] but was entirely within the county borough boundary by 1901.[2] Thurles Townparks is the townland, now almost entirely urbanised, around the historic centre of Thurles.[4]
Land Acts[edit]
The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act 1870 and the Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881, which were designed to enable tenant farmers to purchase their holdings from landlords, specifically excluded townparks from their terms.[5][6] This led to case law interpreting the Acts' definition of "townpark",[7] which had three components:
- That they adjoin or are near a city or town;
- That they bear an increased value as accommodation land beyond their ordinary letting value for merely farming purposes
- That they are occupied by a person living in a city or town or its suburbs
A "town" need not be a municipality with town commissioners or other government, and conversely a place within the municipal boundary might yet be too far from the built-up area to be considered a townpark. Population was suggestive but not definitive: Portglenone with 800 people was held not to be a "town", whereas Timoleague was, with only 366.
See also[edit]
Sources[edit]
- Cherry, Richard R.; Wakely, John (1903). The Irish land law and land purchase acts, 1860 to 1901 : (including the congested districts board acts) : together with the rules and forms issued thereunder (3rd ed.). Dublin: John Falconer. pp. 355–360. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
References[edit]
- ^ Crawford, W. H.; Foy, R. H. (1998). Townlands in Ulster: Local History Studies. Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 97. ISBN 9780901905840. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
Elsewhere in Ulster townlands so close to the town were often divided into small fields called townparks because they were let only to the townspeople.
- ^ a b c 1901 Census of Ireland: General topographical index. Command papers. Vol. Cd.2071. HMSO. 1904. pp. 886–7. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
- ^ General Alphabetical Index to the Townlands and Towns, Parishes, and Baronies of Ireland: Based on the Census of Ireland for the Year 1851. Command papers. 1861. p. 874.
- ^ "VII. Area ... and population, together with the valuation ... in 1901; Thurles Urban District". Census of Ireland 1901; Area, houses, and population; Volume II: Munster; No.5: County of Tipperary. Command papers. Vol. Cd.1058-IV. 1902. p. 83. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
- ^ "Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act, 1870, Section 15 (1)". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
- ^ "Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881, Section 58 (2)". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
- ^ Stubbs, William Cotter (1895). "Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881". The Irish Law Times Digest of Cases 1867–1893. Dublin: John Falconer. cc268–274, §§214–252.
Further reading[edit]
- Royal Commission on the Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881, and Purchase of Land (Ireland) Act, 1885 (1887). Report. Parliamentary Papers. Vol. HC 1887 xxvi (C. 4969) 1. HMSO.
- Volume III: Index to Evidence and Appendices [C. 4969-II] pp.131–132 "Townparks" refers to evidence in Volume II: Evidence and Appendices [C. 4969-I]
External links[edit]