Laevicaulis alte
| Tropical leatherleaf | |
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| Species: | L. alte
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| Binomial name | |
| Laevicaulis alte (Férussac, 1822)
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Vaginula alte Férussac, 1821 | |
The tropical leatherleaf, scientific name Laevicaulis alte, is a species of tropical land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Veronicellidae, the leatherleaf slugs.
Description
Laevicaulis alte is a round, dark-coloured slug with no shell, 7 or 8 cm long. Its skin is slightly tuberculated. The central keel is beige in colour.
This slug has a unique, very narrow foot; juvenile specimens have a foot 1 mm wide and adult specimens have a foot that is only 4 or 5 mm wide.
The tentacles are small, 2 or 3 mm long, and they are only rarely extended beyond the edge of the mantle.
Parasites
This slug is an intermediate host for Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm, a round worm, the most common cause of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis.[1]
Predators
This slug is eaten by the frog Rana tigrina.[2]
Distribution
This species is probably indigenous to Africa (western Africa and eastern Africa).
It has been introduced and become an invasive species[4] in the following areas:
- southern Asia
- Pratas Islands, Taiwan[5]
- United States (Hawaii)[6]
- islands in the Indian Ocean
- Australia (since 1889)
- Samoa
- and others
This species is already established in the USA, and is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore, it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.[7]
Habitat
This species lives in dry areas, mostly at lower altitudes.[citation needed]
Feeding habits
What this slug eats in the wild is not known. In captivity this slug will eat:
- Dandelion leaves
- Tomatoes - it nibbles the skin first and then the pulp
- cucumber
- apples
- spinach
- carrot
- When other items are not available, it will eat dill
In captivity it will not eat:
Life cycle
This slug hatches from eggs. This species has several adaptations for living in dry conditions: a rounded shape with as small as possible surface area, and a narrow foot to reduce evaporation.
Juvenile specimens search for food nearly always at night, and stay buried in the soil during the day. Larger specimens are active during the day sometimes. This slug can grow up from 0.5 cm to approximately 4 cm in length in 7 months.
References
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Rowson B., Warren B. H. & Ngereza C. F. (2010). "Terrestrial molluscs of Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, and its status as an "oceanic" island". ZooKeys 70: 1-39. doi:10.3897/zookeys.70.762.
- ^ [2]
- ^ Wu S.-P., Hwang C.-C., Huang H.-M., Chang H.-W., Lin Y.-S. & Lee P.-F. (2007). "Land Molluscan Fauna of the Dongsha Island with Twenty New Recorded Species". Taiwania 52(2): 145-151. PDF.
- ^ [3]
- ^ Cowie R. H., Dillon R. T., Robinson D. G. & Smith J. W. (2009). "Alien non-marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States: A preliminary risk assessment". American Malacological Bulletin 27: 113-132. PDF Archived 2016-06-16 at the Wayback Machine.
External links
- articles at PubMed
- Profile at ITIS[permanent dead link]
- Distribution in Australia
- Distribution in United States
- In English and in Chinese
Images:
- Drawing of ventral part of body, photo (In Japanese)
- Laevicaulis alte at Samoan Snail Project
- Photo (Japanese)
- [4], [5] (Japanese)
- Photo (Japanese)
Genome:
- Sequences 18S rRNA
- Vernacular names: [6]:
- 皺足蛞蝓 (Chinese)
- アシヒダナメクジ (Japanese)