User:Ed18m8c/sandbox
 Main entrance and gardens of the Sir William Henry Bragg Building | |
| Location | , |
|---|---|
| Affiliations | Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds |
| Website | eps |
The School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Leeds, UK, is a part of the Russell Group of research-intensive universities. According to the Research Excellence Framework (REF), 99% of research activity submitted was rated as “world-leading” or “internationally excellent”.[1] According to The Guardian University league tables, the physics courses at the University of Leeds are consistently ranked within the top 20 when compared to other courses in the United Kingdom.[2]
The school originated from the Yorkshire College of Science in 1874, which eventually became the University of Leeds in 1904. One notable figure of the school is Sir William Henry Bragg OM KBE PRS. Bragg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915, along with his son Lawrence Bragg for their work on X-ray crystallography.[3]
Research groups[edit]
The School of Physics and Astronomy is comprised of six main research groups:[4]
| Research group | Website | Head of group (2022) |
|---|---|---|
| Astrophysics | Link | René Oudmaijer |
| Condensed Matter | Link | Bryan Hickey |
| Molecular and Nanoscale Physics | Link | Stephen Evans |
| Physics Education | Link | Alison Voice |
| Soft Matter Physics | Link | Mike Ries |
| Theoretical Physics | Link | Almut Beige |
Sir William Henry Bragg Building[edit]
The School of Physics and Astronomy is based in the Sir William Henry Bragg Building, named after Sir William Henry Bragg. The building is equipped with research laboratories, computer suites, teaching spaces, and other specialised facilities.[5][6] The Bragg building houses the school as well as the School of Computing. The building connects to the Universities' Electronic and Electrical Engineering Building, Mechanical Engineering Building, and Civil Engineering Building, promoting collaboration with the schools.[7]
Construction of the Bragg building started in 2017 and finished in early 2021. An exhibition detailing Bragg and his discoveries was hosted at the Parkinson Building leading up to the grand opening.[8] The grand opening was held on June 7, 2022, were members of the Bragg family gave a speech on the life of Sir William Henry Bragg.[9]
Prior to the opening of the Bragg building, the school was based in the E.C. Stoner Building named after Edmund Clifton Stoner FRS.[10]
Notable faculty[edit]
The school employs over 75 academic and research staff: [11]
- Lorna Dougan, EPSRC Fellow and an EPSRC Public Engagement Champion, Professor of Physics. Dougan specialises in biomechanics and water structure. The British Biophysical Society awarded Dougan the BBS Elspeth Garman Prize for Public Engagement in 2022 and the BBS Young Investigator award in 2018. [12][13] The University of Leeds, in partnership with Athena SWAN awarded Dougan the Water Woman Award for Research Excellence in 2020.[14][15]
- Sarah Harris, Associate Professor of Biological Physics. Harris specialises in biomolecular simulation, biological physics and DNA topology.[16] In 2020, Harris was appointed Chair of the EPSRC Computational Collaborative Project in Biomolecular Simulation (CCPBioSim).[17]
- Peter Hine, Associate Professor. Hine specialises in single polymer composites and multi-phase composites. He worked on the invention and development of single polymer composites, which are used in Curv (website) and Samsonite products.[18]
- Melvin Hoare, Professor of Astrophysics. Hoare specialises in star formation. He was awarded the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) Education Award: Higher Education for his work on the Development in Africa with Radio Astronomy (DARA) project.[19][20][21]
- Cliff Jones FREng FRSC FRSA FInstP CPhys, Professor of Physics, EPSRC Fellow of Advanced Manufacturing. Jones specialises in soft matter and liquid crystal materials. In 2017, Jones was awarded the Katharine Burr Blodgett Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics (IOP) for his work in liquid crystal displays and founding DisplayData (website) (Formerly known as ZBD Solutions). [22][23][24] Jones is also a founder of Dynamic Vision Systems.[25]
- Robert Purdy, lecturer and Admissions Tutor. Purdy specialises in theoretical particle physics and physics education. [26]
- Mike Ries, Professor. Ries specialises in soft matter. He was awarded the Phillips Award in 2021 by the Institute of Physics for his work across decades of outreach programmes in physics education.[27]
- Mark Thompson, head of school, Professor. Thompson specialises in astrophysics. [28]
- Alan Watson FRS, Emeritus Professor and Visiting Professor of Physics. Watson specialises in cosmic rays and science education.[29] In 2011, Watson was awarded the Faraday Medal by the Institute of Physics (IOP) for founding the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina, and decades of research on cosmic rays.[30][31][32]
History[edit]
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The origins of the School of Physics and Astronomy can be traced back to the opening of the Yorkshire College of Science in 1874. The University of Leeds' courses in physical sciences and engineering have a long history of emphasising the practical applications of their subjects.[33] The Yorkshire College was established to research fibres, textiles and related technologies, which could help the UK's cloth trade compete with Europe's.[34] On opening, Arthur Rucker was appointed as Professor of Physics and Mathematics and was the first to teach physics at the Yorkshire College.[35] Following the death of Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish in 1882, the Yorkshire College established the Cavendish Chair of Physics and its professorship, of which Rucker became the first occupant.[35]
The University of Leeds opened in 1904 after the Yorkshire college (at the time affiliated with the Victoria University) was granted Charter to be an independent institution by King Edward VII.[34] With the Charter came additional funding and the University brought on William Bragg as Cavendish Professor of Physics in 1909, succeeding William Stroud.[35] Bragg and his son, Lawrence Bragg, founded x-ray crystallography and invented the x-ray spectrometer. Both Bragg and his son were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1915 for this new avenue of science and method of analysis.[36] After Bragg's departure from the University in 1915, the Cavendish Chair remained vacant for nearly four years.[35]
Richard Whiddington became the next Cavendish Professor of Physics in 1919.[35] Whiddington dealt with influxes of students into the University after World War 1 and World War 2.[37] During World War 1, Whiddington worked on behalf of the Royal Flying Corps on radiotelegraphy. It is possible that he was the first to give firing instructions from the air to ground batteries.[35] Between the wars, Whiddington was mainly occupied with teaching students, but also studied energy distributions of electrons ejected from x-rays.[37] He developed what he called the ultra-micrometre, which could measure displacements down to the order of a tenth of a nanometre.[37] In World War 2, Whiddington served the Royal Air Force, the Admiralty, and the Royal Navy in administration and scientific roles.[37] For his work in the wars, Whiddington left with the title Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE).
During Whiddington's Cavendish Professorship in 1939, a second chair (theoretical physics) was instituted, to which Edmund Stoner was immediately appointed.[38] In 1951, Stoner succeeded Whiddington as Cavendish Professor of Physics. Stoner's work is notable in multiple disciplines of physics. In 1929, he discovered the limiting mass of a white dwarf star (later known as the Chandrasekhar limit), developed the Stoner model of ferromagnetism, and made significant contributions to the electron configurations in the periodic table.[39][40][41] In 1962, Stoner's work in theoretical physics and in the University as a whole, led to one of the largest buildings on campus being named after him, the E.C. Stoner Building.[10] The E.C. Stoner Building was home to the School of Physics and Astronomy, the School of Computing, and the School of Food Science and Nutrition, until the Sir William Henry Bragg Building was opened in 2022.[42]
In 2022, much of the modern research and developments at the School of Physics and Astronomy continue to have strong ties to industry, especially through material science.[43][44][45][46]
Cavendish Chair of Physics[edit]
The Cavendish Chair of Physics is an honoured position in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Leeds.[47] Occupying the chair comes with a professorship, named Cavendish Professor of Physics, not to be confused with the Cambridge Cavendish Professor of Physics.[48] The chair was established following the murder in 1882 of Lord Frederick Cavendish, member of parliament for the West-Yorkshire region and council member of the University of Leeds.[47]
As of 2022, there have been 10 Cavendish Professors of Physics in the school:
- Arthur Rucker FRS , Appointed in 1876. Rucker was the first Cavendish chair at the Yorkshire College, Leeds. His research at the University involved surface tension phenomena and thin films.[49]
- William Stroud, Appointed in 1885. Stroud, along with Archibald Barr, formed Barr and Stroud after designing rangefinders for the Department of Admiralty. Stroud produced early measurements of the mechanical equivalent of heat.[50]
- Sir William Henry Bragg OM KBE PRS, Appointed in 1909. Bragg founded the science of X-ray crystallography and invented the X-ray spectrometer.
- Richard Whiddington CBE FRS, Appointed in 1919. Whiddington discovered relations between energy of ejected electrons and x-ray wavelengths.[35]
- Edmund Stoner FRS, Appointed in 1951. Stoner developed the collective electron theory of ferromagnetism and discovered the limiting mass of a white dwarf star (later known as the Chandrasekhar limit).[38][51]
- John Wilson, Appointed in 1963. Wilson conducted extensive research in air showers and cosmic rays. He introduced more projects relating to nuclear physics to the school.
- Sydney Dugdale FRSC, Appointed in 1976. Dugdale made many contributions to low temperature physics and condensed matter physics. This included studies of entropy and electrical properties at low temperature.[52]
- Ian Ward FRS, Appointed in 1987. Ward developed comprehensive methodology for investigating the properties of solid polymers. He documented many mechanical properties of polymer materials.[53]
- Gwynne Morgan FInstP, Appointed in 1994. Morgan conducts research in many areas in condensed matter physics, including applying the Hall effect and electron transport simulations to nanostructures.[54]
- Helen Gleeson OBE FInstP, Appointed in 2014. Gleeson is the Head of the Soft Matter Physics Group and was the former Head of School of the School of Physics and Astronomy. A key area of her research is optical applications of liquid crystals.
References[edit]
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- ^ "Best UK universities for physics – league table". the Guardian. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical. "Research and innovation". eps.leeds.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Sir William Henry Bragg Building, University of Leeds". www.arup.com. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "Sir William Henry Bragg Building - Constructing Excellence". constructingexcellence.org.uk. 5 January 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "Sir William Henry Bragg Building". Estates and Facilities. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "Shaping the course of modern science: William Henry Bragg and his legacy at the University of Leeds - Event - Leeds - West Yorkshire | Welcome to Yorkshire". www.yorkshire.com. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ Cherry, Natalie (13 June 2022). "The Grand Opening of the Bragg Building!". Meet in Leeds Conference & Events Venues & Facilities Leeds. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ a b "E.C. STONER BUILDING, COMPUTER SCIENCE BUILDING, MATHEMATICS/EARTH SCIENCES BUILDING, SENIOR COMMON ROOM, GARSTANG BUILDING, MANTON BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS AND EDWARD BOYLE LIBRARY, Non Civil Parish - 1393835 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical. "People | School of Physics and Astronomy | University of Leeds". eps.leeds.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "2022 Elspeth Garman Prize for Public Engagement · British Biophysical Society". britishbiophysics.org. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "2018 BBS Young Investigator · British Biophysical Society". britishbiophysics.org. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical. "Lorna wins British Biophysical Society prize". eps.leeds.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "Engagement Champions to inspire the public with impact of engineering". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
- ^ "Dr Sarah Harris". The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "Management Structure". www.ccpbiosim.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ Ward, I.M.; Hine, P.J. (2004). "The science and technology of hot compaction". Polymer. 45 (5): 1413–1427. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2003.11.050. ISSN 0032-3861.
- ^ Simion @Yonescat, Florin. "Royal Astronomical Society reveals 2022 award winners". The Royal Astronomical Society. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ Africa, Space in (5 August 2020). "Prof Melvin Hoare is Driving Development in Africa with Radio Astronomy". Space in Africa. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "DARA Home Page". dara-project. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ Jones, Cliff (2012). Handbook of visual display technology. Janglin Chen, Wayne Cranton, Mark Fihn. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 2157–2199. ISBN 978-3-540-79567-4. OCLC 773812344.
- ^ "Katharine Burr Blodgett Medal and Prize recipients". 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "DISPLAYDATA LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "DYNAMIC VISION SYSTEMS LIMITED people - Find and update company information - GOV.UK". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ Purdy, Robert (2018). The Fundamentals of Particle Physics. Mercury Learning and Information.
- ^ "2021 Phillips Award: Professor Michael E Ries". Institute of Physics. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical. "Professor Mark Thompson | School of Physics and Astronomy | University of Leeds". eps.leeds.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "Alan Watson". royalsociety.org. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "Michael Faraday Medal and Prize recipients". Institute of Physics. 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ "Fellow wins IoP Faraday Medal". Astronomy & Geophysics. 52 (5): 5.39–5.39. 1 October 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4004.2011.52539_3.x. ISSN 1366-8781.
- ^ "Auger - Leeds". archive.ph. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ^ J., Gosden, Peter Henry John Heather. Taylor, A. (1975). Studies in the history of a university, 1874-1974 : to commemorate the centenary of the University of Leeds. Arnold. pp. 20–23, 249. ISBN 0-560-00454-0. OCLC 747533950.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Heritage". University of Leeds. 20 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Nixon., Shimmin, Arnold (1954). The University of Leeds, the first half-century. Published for the University of Leeds at the University Press. pp. 139–144. OCLC 9077821.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d Feather, Norman (1 November 1971). "Richard Whiddington, 1885-1970". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 17: 741, 752. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1971.0030. ISSN 0080-4606.
- ^ a b "Who was E.C. Stoner?". Condensed Matter Physics Group. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ^ Stoner, Edmund C. (1 January 1929). "V. The limiting density in white dwarf stars". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 7 (41): 63–70. doi:10.1080/14786440108564713. ISSN 1941-5982.
- ^ "Collective electron ferronmagnetism". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 165 (922): 372–414. 14 April 1938. doi:10.1098/rspa.1938.0066. ISSN 0080-4630.
- ^ Stoner, Edmund C. (1 October 1924). "LXXIII. The distribution of electrons among atomic levels". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 48 (286): 719–736. doi:10.1080/14786442408634535. ISSN 1941-5982.
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- ^ a b "About Us". Condensed Matter Physics Group. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ^ "New Head of Physics for University | For Staff | University of Leeds". web.archive.org. 4 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
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- ^ Bates, Leslie Fleetwood (1 November 1969). "Edmund Clifton Stoner, 1899-1968". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 15: 201–237. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1969.0011. ISSN 0080-4606.
- ^ "Obituaries - Sydney Dugdale". 5 November 2005. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
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