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more on Guánica, Puerto Rico

The indigenous Taíno called the island Borikén, which changed when expressed in Spanish to Borinquen. To this day Puerto Rico is also known as Borinquen, and the Puerto Rican people as Boricuas. The Spanish called the island San Juan Bautista (St John the Baptist) and the capital they called Ciudad Puerto Rico (City Rich Port). Over the years, Ciudad Puerto Rico came to be called San Juan, and the island of San Juan Bautista became Puerto Rico.

BARRIO - PUEBLO GUANICA - Asentado sobre el valle de su mismo nombre y frente a la bahía y al puerto que da al mar Caribe. Por su puerto entró la civilización cristiana a nuestra Isla el 12 de agosto de 1508, con don Juan Ponce de León. Fue conocido en los tiempos de la Colonización española como el Puerto de Mosquitos y el Mosquital de Guánica. Importantes acontecimientos puertorriqueños tuvieron por escenario a este pueblo, como: el desembarco del General Greenville, de Inglaterra, la llegada de Fray Diego de Salamanca, la llegada del Capitán General Palacio, el nacimiento de Enrique Molina Henríquez, la invasión americana el 25 de julio de 1898, las emigraciones a Hawaii a principios de este siglo y la conquista de su independencia municipal el 13 de marzo de 1914, segregándose de Yauco, municipio del que era barrio desde1875. Guánica es conocido por la Puerta de la Cultura Puertorriqueña, el Pueblo de las Doce Calles y el Pueblo de la Amistad. Información suministrada por Don Pedro Juan Vargas Mercado.

Fred Schaaf

(also add as ilustre to Millville article)

Fred Schaaf Millville, New Jersey author and astronomer a contributing editor and columnist for Sky & Telescope and writer of a weekly astronomy newspaper column for more than a quarter-century author of ten books on popular astronomy, including 40 Nights to Knowing the Sky and Comet of the Century has spent years perfecting the teaching of skywatching and astronomy to newcomers issue of light pollution

fschaaf@aol.com

selected books

40 Nights to Knowing the Sky: A Night-By-Night Skywatching Primer 1998 Planetology: Comparing Other Worlds to Our Own 1996 Comet of the Century: From Halley to Halle-Bopp 1996 Seeing the Solar System: Telescopic Projects, Activities, and Explorations in Astronomy 1991 Planetology: Comparing Other Worlds to Our Own Mankind's Comet: Halley's Comet in the Past, the Future, and Especially the Present 1985 Seeing the Deep Sky: Telescopic Astronomy Projects Beyond the Solar System 1992 The Starry Room: Naked Eye Astronomy in the Intimate Universe 1988 Seeing the Sky: 100 Projects, Activities, and Explorations in Astronomy 1990 The Amateur Astronomer: Explorations and Investigations 1994 A Year of the Stars: A Month-By-Month Journey of Skywatching 2003 Forty Nights to Knowing the Sky 1999 Cal 97 Space Calendar: A Photo & Fact Anthology 1996 Seeing the Sky: 100 Projects, Activities, and Explorations in Astronomy 1990 A Year of the Stars: A Month-by-Month Journey of Skywatching

Wonders of the sky Fred Schaaf Dover Publ. Inc. New York (1983) - ISBN 0-486-24402-4

Starry Room Informative and inspiring essays that teach beginning star-gazers how and where to find planetary conjunctions, shooting stars, streaking comets, lunar eclipses, stellar constellations, meteor showers, halos, and other celestial and atmospheric phenomena. An enriching and entertaining book.

"Fred Schaaf is one of the most experienced astronomical observers of our time. For more than two decades his view of the sky - what will be visible, when it will be visible, and what it will look like - has encouraged tens of thousands of people to turn their eyes skyward. Now Fred's knowledge and enthusiasm paints the sky into a single book, which will be a wonderful resource." - David H. Levy, Science Editor, Parade Magazine, discoverer of 21 comets including the Jupiter colliding Shoemaker-Levy, and author of Starry Night and Cosmic Discoveries

"Fred Schaaf is a poet of the stars. He brings the sky into people's lives in a way that is compelling and his descriptions have all the impact of witnessing the stars on a crystal clear dark night." - William Sheehan, author of Mars: The Lure of the Red Planet and The Transits of Venus

Belsnickel

from The Companions of Saint Nicholas

In parts of Austria, Krampusse, who local tradition says are Nikolaus's helpers (typically children of poor families), roamed the streets and sledding hills during the festival. They wore black rags and masks, dragging chains behind them, and occasionally hurling them towards children in their way. These Krampusläufe (Krampus runs) still exist, although perhaps less violent than in the past.

In parts of the United States in the 19th century, "Pelznickel" traditions were maintained for a time among immigrants at least as far west as the US state of Indiana. In this branch of the tradition, the father or other older male relative was often "busy working outside" or had to see to some matter elsewhere in the house when Pelznickel arrived. Today, remnants of this tradition remain, known as the Belsnickel, especially in Pennsylvania

places structure/template

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• Geography
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  • area
  • land/water & %
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  • example (cityscale hoodscale & suburbscale (? Aus)): {{Mapit-US-cityscale|40.009469|-76.124781}}
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{{Mapit-US-cityscale|39.258562|-74.659297}} Zip Code: 08223 PO Name: Marmora (NJ) Population (1990): 4420 Location: 39.258562 N, 74.659297 W Browse Tiger Map of area.