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- 600s BC: Greek colonists establishes colonies south of the mouths of the Danube, in present-day Bulgarian and Romanian Dobruja.
- 500s BC: Gataen tribes settle in the region.
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Persian Empire
- Before 500 BC: Achaemenid Persia conquers present-day Bulgaria. The region is populated by Thracian and Vlach tribes.
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Odrysian kingdom
- 470 BC: In the region as well as in Eastern Thrace tribes unite under king Teres I of Odrysia. This kingdom is part of the time divided into sub-kingdoms, which becomes vassals of Hellenestic Macedonia.
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Scythia
- 340s BC: The Scythians ruled by king Ateas conquer the region.
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Kingdom of Macedonia
- 339 BC: The Scythians are defeated by Macedonia, who extend their rule over the region.
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- after 300 BC: The Getaen and Dacian rulers extend their rule to the mouths of the Danube.
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Kingdom of Thrace
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- After 280 BC: Celtic tribes invade Thrace.
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- 146 BC: Odrysia is conquered by and becomes a vassal of the Roman Empire.
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Roman Republic
- 146 BC: Thrace is conquered by Rome.
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Kingdom of Pontus
- around 100 BC: King Mithridates of Pontus extends his authority over the Greek cities in the region.
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Dacian Kingdom
- around 55 BC: King Burebista of the Dacians conquers the region.
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Roman Empire
- 27 BC: Gaius Octavius becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor.
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Bulgarian Khanate
- 681: Asparuh of the Bulgars defeats the Romans. The Roman Empire has to accept a Bulgarian state within its territory. Asparuh becomes the first khan of Bulgaria. The Bulgars merge with the Thracians, Vlachs and Slavs and are Slavicized. Bulgaria includes present-day Macedonia and parts of Romania.
- 708: The Bulgarians defeat at Anchialus the Romans.
- 716: A peace treaty ends the war and establishes the borders between both countries.
- 718: The second Arab attack on Constantinople is stopped by the combined Roman-Bulgarian forces.
- 756: Between 756 and 775, the Roman Emperor Konstantinos V leads nine campaigns against Bulgaria to establish a Roman border on the Danube. Due to the frequent change of rulers (eight Khans held the throne in twenty years) and the constant political crisis, is was on the verge of destruction.
- 792: In a following war, Khan Kardam of Bulgaria defeats emperor Konstantinos VI.
- 807: Khan Krum forces the surrender of the Romans in Serdica (present-day Sofia).
- 811: After huge advances of emperor Nikephoros, he is defeated at Pliska by joint forces of Bulgaria and the Magyars and dies.
- 813: The new emperor Michael Rhangabe is defeated at Versinikia.
- 815: Khan Omurtag and emperor Leon V end the war with a peace treaty.
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Roman Empire
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Principality of Bulgaria
- 864: Khan Boris is christianized and assumes the title and name of prince Michael of Bulgaria. He conquers parts of Serbia.
- 894: The war between the Roman Empire and Bulgaria, that started in 894, leads to Bulgarian territorial gains in Thrace.
- 895: Prince Simeon of Bulgaria allies with the Pechenegs and attacks the Magyars, forcing them to retreat towards West and enter in the Carpathian Basin.
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Bulgarian Empire
- 913: Simeon assumes the title of tsar of Bulgaria. Simeon and Konstantinos VII commence a war.
- 917: Simeon I invades and defeats Serbia and defeats at Achelous the Romans. His imperial title is recognized.
- 923: A revolt the frontier region of Bulgaria and Serbia, instigated by Prince Zaharija of Serbia, leads tsar Simeon to invade Serbia.
- 924: A Serbian army defeats a small Bulgarian army. A retaliatory campaign ends with the annexation of Serbia.
- 927: King Tomislav of Croatia defeats in the Bosnian Highlands Simeon and stops the Bulgarian expansion to the west. With prince Časlav Serbia regains independence from Bulgaria. In the east the Roman-Bulgarian war ends with a Bulgarian victory. Simeon's successor Petar is recognized as emperor.
- 966: A Hungarian army attacks Bulgaria and force tsar Petar to conclude peace with them and to let them cross to the Roman Empire.
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Grand Principality of Rus'
- 968: Grand prince Svyatoslav of Rus' invades of Thrace and Bulgaria and conquers present-day Dobruja.
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- 1018: After a bitter 50-years struggle the Roman conquest of Bulgaria is completed by emperor Basileios II. Tsar Presian II is defeated. Byzantium establishes control over Bulgaria and much of the Balkan Peninsula.
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Bulgarian Empire
- 1185: After a revolt against the Roman rulers, Ivan Asen I becomes emperor of Bulgaria including present-day Macedonia. The liberation war lasts until 1204.
- 1202-1204: Bulgaria supports the Roman Empire against a crusade, that leads to the destruction of the Roman Empire and the establishment of the Latin Empire and other crusader states.
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- 1187: The region falls to Bulgaria.
- 1202-1204: Bulgaria supports the Roman Empire against a crusade, that leads to the destruction of the Roman Empire and the establishment of the Latin Empire and other crusader states.
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Duchy of Philippopolis
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- 1230: Emperor Theodoros of Thessalonica is defeated. Thessalonica is divided. Philippopolis is incorporated into Bulgaria.
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Great Mongol State
- 1241: The region is conquered by the Mongol Empire.
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- 1241: A Mongol army raids Central-Europe. After the death of Ögedei Khan the Mongols retreat and devaste Bulgaria.
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Golden Horde
- 1259: The Golden Horde separates itself from the Mongol Empire.
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Roman Empire
- 1263: Philippopolis is part of the Roman Empire.
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Despotate of Dobruja
- c. 1340: Balik secedes Dobruja from Bulgaria and becomes its ruler.
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- 1344: Philippopolis is surrendered to Bulgaria.
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Empire of the Serbs and Greeks
- 1348: Parts of Bulgaria are occupied by Serbia.
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Tsardom of Vidin
- 1356: Tsar Ivan Aleksandar gives Vidin to his son Ivan Sratsimir Vidin.
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- 1356: Bulgarian rule is restored.
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Kingdom of Hungary
- 1365: Vidin is conquered by Hungary.
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- 1366: Savoy stages a campaign against Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.
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Tsardom of Vidin
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- 1389: Despot Ivanko is defeated and accepts Ottoman vassalage. Part of Dobruja falls to Wallachia.
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Subleme Ottoman Empire
- 1396: The Ottoman Empire wins a decisive victory at Nicopolis of Bulgaria and its allies. Emperor Ivan Sratsimir is defeated by the Ottoman Empire, captured and imprisoned where he is strangled. His son Konstantin II resists the Ottoman rule, but doesn't succeed in defeating the Ottomans. Bulgaria is annexed by the Ottoman Empire.
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Roman Empire
- 1413: Varna is captured by the Roman Empire.
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- 1444: The Ottomans are victorious over the allied armies and Władysław III dies. Varna is incorporated into the Ottoman Empire.
- 1875: Separatists stage an uprising. This revolt fails.
- 1876: It is followed by a second uprising. This uprising is defeated by the Ottoman forces.
- 1877: In reaction to the Ottoman reprisals against the Bulgarians, Russia starts the Russo-Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire.
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| Principality of Bulgaria
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- 1879: Eastern Rumelia gets a governor-general appointed by the Ottoman Empire and a parliament with directly elected, appointed and permanent members.
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- 1881: Prince Aleksandar suspends the constitution, leading to a personal authoritarian rule.
- 1883: The old constitution is restored.
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- 1885: Prince Aleksandar becomes also governor-general of Eastern Rumelia.
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Eastern Rumelia
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- 1886: Prince Aleksandar I resigns.
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- 1887: Ferdinand becomes the new governor-general of Eastern Rumelia.
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Kingdom of Bulgaria
- 1908: Bulgaria becomes independent. Ferdinand I becomes tsar of Bulgaria. Eastern Rumelia becomes part of Bulgaria.
- 1912: Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia establish the Balkan League. After an ultimatum by the League, the Ottoman Empire declares war, the First Balkan War commences.
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| Kingdom of Romania
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- 1913: The Balkan League defeats the Ottoman forces. As a result of the war the Ottoman Empire loses most of its European part. In the Treaty of London this territory is ceded to the Balkan League, with the exception of Albania that becomes independent. The division of the territories ceded to the Balkan League is not addressed in the Treaty. As a result of Bulgarian dissatisfaction with the de facto military division of Macedonia, the Second Balkan War breaks out between Bulgaria and Serbia, supported by Greece, Montenegro, Romania and the Ottoman Empire. Danev is replaced by Vasil Radoslavov (LPR). Western Thrace secedes from Bulgaria. The war ends with the Treaty of Bucharest. According to this treaty Western Thrace becomes again part of Bulgaria, Macedonia is divided between Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria and Bulgaria cedes Southern Dobruja to Romania.
- 1915: Bulgaria joins the Central Powers in World War I and conquers a part of Serbia.
- 1918: Bulgaria and the other Central Powers are defeated. Bulgaria withdraws from Serbia.
- 1919: The elections are won by the BZNS, confirmed in the elections. The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine between France, the United Kingdom, Italy and other allied powers with Bulgaria ends the war. Bulgaria has to cede parts of the country to its neighbours.
- 1920: Bulgaria joins the League of Nations. Bulgaria cedes Western Thrace to Greece.
- 1923: Bulgaria becomes a dictatorship under Aleksandar Tsankov. An uprising is surpressed the same year.
- 1925: After an incident involving sentries on the border, Greek troops invade Bulgaria. After the League of Nations condemned the invasion, Greece withdraws.
- 1926: The democracy is restored.
- 1934: After a military coup overthrows the government, Kimon Georgiev becomes dictator.
- 1935: Tsar Boris III overthrows the military government and establishes a royal dictatorship.
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- 1940: Southern Dobruja is restored by Romania to Bulgaria under the Treaty of Craiova.
- 1941: Bulgaria enters World War II as an ally of Nazi Germany. It conquers parts of Yugoslavia and Greece.
- 1944: Bulgaria withdraws the alliance with Germany. The Soviet Union invades and conquers Bulgaria. Communists overthrow the government and take power.The annexations of parts of Yugoslavia and Greece are annulled.
- 1945: Bulgaria loses the annexed territories in Yugoslavia and Greece.
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| People's Republic of Bulgaria
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Republic of Bulgaria
- 1990: Bulgaria allows opposition parties and becomes a democratic republic in transition.
- 1991: A new constitution establishes a popularly elected president and a government responsible to the parliament, elected in free multi-party elections. Both the Warsaw Pact and the Comecon are disbanded.
- 1992: Bulgaria joins the Council of Europe.
- 2004: Bulgaria joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
- 2007: Bulgaria joins the European Union.[2]
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