User:Huldra/Al-'Uthmaniyya
See:
| Al-'Uthmaniyya | |
|---|---|
العثمانية | |
 Al-'Uthmaniyya, seen from inside the Haram esh-Sharif, with the double arched loggia on the first floor. Fountain of Qayt Bay to the left. | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Madrasa |
| Architectural style | Mamluk |
| Location | East Jerusalem |
| Coordinates | Bank 31°46′39.83″N 35°14′03.37″E / 31.7777306°N 35.2342694°E |
| Palestine grid | 172/131 |
| Completed | 1437 |
Al-'Uthmaniyya (Arabic: العثمانية) was first a Mamluk, later an Ottoman Madrasa in Jerusalem.
Location
[edit]Al-'Uthmaniyya is located on the south side of Zuqaq Bab al-Mathara, opposite Ribat al−Zamani. It is bordered by the Haram esh-Sharif to the east, and Al-Baladiyya (no 63) and Madrasah al-Ashrafiyya to the south.[1]
Architecture
[edit]On the ground floor, there is from north to south along the Haram side: first a tomb chamber, then a courtyard, then the "lower mosque". The tomb chamber has an entrance from the north side, that is from the Zuqaq Bab al-Mathara.[2]
On the first floor, above the portico there is a distinctive double arched loggia room, with a room to the north which used to be domed. To the south of the loggia room is an assembly hall. All of the rooms on the first floor were originally to be reached only through the assembly hall.[3]
History
[edit]
An inscription on the madrasa say:
In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. The construction of this blessed madrasa was ordered by the noble and honorable Lady Isfahan Shah Khatun, the daughter of the late Amir Mahmud, al-Uthmaniyya, known as Khanum (may God show her His benevolence). She passed away in the year 840 [1436–37 CE]. Its construction was completed at the close of the aforementioned year through the efforts of Khawaja Jami, son of Sati, from Asia Minor [al-Rumi].[5][6][7][8]
Lady Isfahan Shah Khatun has been identified as a wife of Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder, of the Çandarlı family. She came from a distinguished family, being a direct descendant of Sheikh Edebali.[9] She stipulated that the income from 10 villages in Anatolia should go to the endowment for Al-'Uthmaniyya.[10] She died in 1436 or 1437,[11] and according to Mujir al-Din, she is is buried in her Madrasa.[12][13]
Ottoman era
[edit]A defter written soon after 1540, in the early Ottoman era, noted that Kafr Qara was the only Palestinian endowment for Al-'Uthmaniyya. The whole of the revenue of Kafr Qara, a total of 3,400 aspers annually, belonged to this endowment.[14]
By the late 1500s the al-Uthmaniyya became an imperial provincial madrasa, ie, the Imperial Ottoman court appointed its Hanafi muftis. This was probably due to the Çandarlı family's close relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Hence, the Banu Abi al-Lutf family, which dominated the Jerusalem mufti position, also came to dominate the leadership of the al-Uthmaniyya.[15]
In 1066/1656 the mudarris Ali Effendi al-Lutfi requested permission to make necessary repairs. A reference early in the century is to al-Uthmaniyya having 9 students (talaba).[2]
During the 18th century, it became a private dwelling, and remain so today.[16]
References
[edit]- ^ Burgoyne, 1987, p. 544
- ^ a b Burgoyne, 1987, p. 546
- ^ Burgoyne, 1987, p. 553
- ^ van Berchem, 1920, Plate LXXXVII
- ^ Burak, 2013, p. 114
- ^ Moudjir ed-dyn, 1876, p. 144
- ^ van Berchem, 1922, pp. 322−323
- ^ van Berchem, 1925, plate LXXV
- ^ Burak, 2013, p. 115
- ^ 7 villages close to Gerede, 2 by Hayrabolu, and 1 near Iznik; Burak, 2013, p. 116, note 23 p. 123
- ^ Burak, 2013, p. 116
- ^ Moudjir ed-dyn, 1876, p. 145
- ^ Burak, 2013, p. 124
- ^ Defter no. 610; cited in Burgoyne, 1987, pp. 545−546
- ^ Burak, 2013, pp. 118−119
- ^ Burgoyne, 1987, p. 547
Bibliography
[edit]- Burak, Guy (2013). "Dynasty, Law, and the Imperial provincial Madrasa: the case of Al-Madrasa Al-ʿUthmaniyya in Ottoman Jerusalem". Int. J. Middle East Stud. 45: 111–125.
- Berchem, van, M. (1922). MIFAO 43 Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Part 2 Syrie du Sud T.1 Jérusalem "Ville" (in French and Arabic). Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale.
- Berchem, van, M. (1920). MIFAO 45.2 Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Part 2 Syrie du Sud T.3 Fasc. 2 Jérusalem Index général. Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale.
- Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem. ISBN 090503533X.
- Moudjir ed-dyn (1876). Sauvaire (ed.). Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn.
- Warren, C. (1870). "Bab el-Mathara". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 2: 107.