User:HuskyRat/sandbox
Low Row, Brampton, Cumbria[edit]
| Low Row | |
|---|---|
 Signpost | |
  Low Row Location within Cumbria | |
| OS grid reference | NY585630 |
| Civil parish | |
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Brampton |
| Postcode district | CA8 |
| Dialling code | 016977 |
| Police | Cumbria |
| Fire | Cumbria |
| Ambulance | North West |
| UK Parliament | |
- Not to be confused with the village of Low Row in Swaledale, North Yorkshire; the road in Cwmpennar, or the hamlet of Low Row, near Aspatria, Cumbria.
Low Row is the largest settlement in the parish of Nether Denton in north-east Cumbria and lies near the highest point for any crossing of the North Pennines using the Tyne Gap. Low Row is 4 miles east of Brampton, 13 miles east of Carlisle and 43 miles west of Newcastle on the A69 trunk road and was served by its own station on the Tyne Valley Line until 1959. Hadrian's Wall runs 2 miles to the north and is clearly visible across the Irthing valley.
While originally a hamlet based on farming, Low Row has grown to become village due to the railway and the Carrick's diary and bakery plant until its closure in 1968. More recently, the village has continued to grow with an influx of newcomers who commute to work to Brampton or Carlisle.
Low Row was originally High Row, Middle Row and Low Row [Cumbrian villages] and commonly understood to include Beckstonegate.
The route from Carlisle to Newcastle[edit]
There has been a long history of travel across the country using the Tyne Gap, namely using the Irthing valley from the west and the South Tyne valley from the east, with Low Row near the saddle point. However, the importance of this route has more often proved to have been strategic rather than economic.
Road[edit]
One of the first recorded routes was a Roman stone road, the Stanegate, built as a strategic route when the northern Roman frontier laid further north between the Forth and Clyde. It was only later Hadrian's Wall was built as part of a new frontier when the Romans withdrew from what is now Scotland.[1] The Stanegate passed near just north of Low Row. [2]
Over time, the Roman route between Brampton and Gilsland deteriorated and alternative routes were found on higher ground. Strip road maps from 1675 show Low Row by Carling Gill, 56 miles from Newcastle on a route passing via Milton and Chapelburn.[3]
Following the inability of English troops in Newcastle to intercept Bonnie Prince Charlie's army during the Jacobite rising of 1745, and the Military Road was built between between 1751 and 1758.[4] The road in Northumbria followed the straight line of Hadrian's Wall, but from Greenhead a straight road was made over the uplands to Brampton, via Temon bridge on the county border and Low Row, rather than follow the upper part of Irthing Valley. A turnpike trust for the road was established in 1751. [5] Although the road was strategic initially, the economic impact on the area was tangible.[6]. The improved road attracted traffic and the first Ordnance Survey maps in 1868 show Low Row had its own coach house.
CAPTION FOR PHOTO
The road was numbered A69 in 1923 and was confirmed as a strategic trunk road in 1936.[7]. The route also forms part of Euroroute E18 which runs from Craigavon in Northern Ireland to Saint Petersburg in Russia, albeit unmarked.
Canal[edit]
In 1795, William Chapman unveiled plans for a coast-to-coat canal using the Tyne Gap at a cost of £50,000 but he was defeated at the Third Reading in the House of Commons. In 1819, an Act of Parliament was gained to build a canal from Fisher's Cross (later renamed Port Carlisle) to Carlisle, with a view to extending to the Tyne should the venture prove successful. With Chapman as lead engineer the first 11¼ miles of the Carlisle Navigation Canal was open in 1823.
By this time, a railway – one of the world’s first – was proposed which would link Newcastle and Carlisle. This ended any contemporary hope of a coast-to-coast canal but the Carlisle Canal Company supported the railway as it would help increase their own trade. [Sloppy.org.UK]
However, proposals for a modern coast-to-coast shipping canal continue to be made, as recently as 20XX.[cite]
Rail[edit]
History of Low Row[edit]
Denton Hall and the early history of Low Row[edit]
After the Jacobite uprising (1745-)[edit]
The Military Road was built between 1751 and 1758.[4] The road in Northumbria followed the straight line of Hadrian's Wall, but from Greenhead a straight road was made over the uplands to Brampton, via Temon bridge on the county border and then Low Row, rather than follow the upper part of Irthing valley. A turnpike trust for the road was established in 1751.[5] 1800 - 3,300 acres [1336 ha] of common land in Nether and Upper Denton were enclosed [1] ???Dairy Cottages was also a blacksmith's shop, pub, post office and school until a village school was built in 1874 - now closed. Today the cottages are homes with only the post office still there, but at the opposite end. 1818 School for 40
The Coming of the Railway (1836-)[edit]
1850 Wesleyan schoolroom 1856 William Hodgson donated a field to the parish whereby the rent be given to the poor. The field was sold in the 1980s and the yearly interest on the money is given to pensioners and widows of the parish. William Hodgson's Charity: Printed copies (7) of the original deed to establish the charity, 1850 PR 125/91 n.d. circa 1900? 6 of these copies are in a fragile condition Administrative history: William Hodgson of Lowhouses p. Nether Denton gent. conveyed to the Churchwardens of Nether Denton a piece of land called Skollicks field upon Trust to let the land and out of the rent to pay £2 p.a. to the Parish Clerk and £8 for the tuition of poor children at the parochial school. The residue to go to the rector for distribution to poor people http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=023-pr125&cid=-1#-1 1868 Rebuild of St Cuthbert's, Nether Denton - Nothing remains of the ancient parish church of Nether Denton, except a sculpture possibly 12th century. 1880 Carrick Dairy formed 1883 Wesleyan Chapel and Sunday School 1895-1901 Rebuilt school for 100 - Reading room & library? The village shop was built a century ago - made of tin and completely lined with wood. The interesting feature is that today it is exactly as it was then, complete with rows of small drawers for dried goods. The old scales and coffee grinder are still on view in the shop. The house was built on in 1910 and the present owner, Isabel Burn, is the third generation of her family to run this business. 1916 Taylor Institute – village hall – gift from Christopher Taylor
Carrick's at Low Row (1880-)[edit]
Thomas Carrick was the son of a bacon factor, and worked as a book keeper for his uncle who was a bacon curer and shopkeeper with his own 500-acre farm in Mumpshall in present day Gilsland. By 1871, Thomas had his own farm of 47 acres at Low Row and was also a provision merchant. Then in 1880 with an inheritance and an eye on the trend for industrialised cheese making, he formed Carrick’s Cumberland Dairy and Pure Milk Supply Co Ltd.[8]
Carrick's soon produced good quality product and in volume. In 1883 the Newcastle Courant gave production figures of 482,371 gallons of milk, 175,407 lbs of butter and 361,779 lbs of cheese for a 15-month period. Later that year, the Grocer announced that the firm had been awarded a Dairy Association medal for fresh butter. With the factory near the station and a siding that passes right into the premises, produce could be sent to market quickly. The Preston Guardian in January 1884 bemoaned that the high quality of the Cumberland Dairy could no longer be procured in the town as it was being sent instead to Manchester where it could fetch a higher price. Cumber 9/1/2009 By 1901, it had grown to employing 75 people who made butter and cheese.[9]
Carrick's became a principle source of economic activity for the village. As an entrepreneur with an office in Newcastle, Carrick had also branched out into cafés, opening a number of 'Cocoa and Coffee Rooms' in Newcastle and the North East. A laundry and a bakery also making sausages and pies were added to the plant in the 1920s to service the cafés and the workforce in Low Row also steadily grew. [10] The company also built houses for the workers.[11]
At the end of the 1950s, Carrick's owned more than 100 outlets but Low Row had ceased to be a dairy: waitress service was becoming the exception and Carrick's management model was outdated and losing ground to energetic local competitors such as Greggs of Gosforth.[12]
Until 1970, most of the working population of the village was employed by Carrick's.[13] The laundry closed in 1965 with half of the department of 20 being made redundant. The bakery department closed on 1 April 1968 with the loss of a further 50 jobs, with the Low Row site becoming a distribution hub. http://www.cumbriacountyhistory.org.uk Cumber 9/1/2009
Carrick's was taken over by Bakers Oven in 1984, which in turn was bought by Greggs in 1994.
After Carrick's (1968-)[edit]
1977 Silver jubilee
2013 Diamond jubilee
Shop, pub, post office closed
New signal box and barriers
References[edit]
- ^ Breeze, David J. (2000). Hadrian's Wall (4. ed.). Penguin. pp. 16–24. ISBN 0-14-027182-1.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Hadrian's Wall: Historical Map & Guide. Ordnance Survey. 1989. ISBN 0-319-29018-2.
- ^ Norgate, Martin and Jean (1675). Old Cumbria Gazetteer. pp. plate 86 http://www.geog.port.ac.uk/webmap/thelakes/html/lgaz/lk07388.htm. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help); More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help) - ^ Hindle, Paul (1998). Roads and tracks of the Lake District (Rev. ed.). Milnthorpe: Cicerone. pp. 74–76. ISBN 1852842598.
- ^ Hindle, Paul (1998). Roads and tracks of the Lake District (Rev. ed.). Milnthorpe: Cicerone. p. 153. ISBN 1852842598.
- ^ Hutchinson, William (1976). The History and Antiquities of the City of Carlisle. Oxford University. p. 80.
- ^ "Trunk Roads Act 1936". The National Archives.
- ^ "The dairy empire that spawned a café culture". Cumberland News. 9 January 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ Davis, Edward & Stella B. "Nether Denton". Cumbria County History Trust. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "The dairy empire that spawned a café culture". Cumberland News. 9 January 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ Cumbria Federation of Women's Institutes (1991). The Cumbria Village Book (Villages of Britain). Countryside Books. ISBN 1853061409.
- ^ Brennan, Patrick. "Whatever happened to Carrick's?". Donmouth website. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ Cumbria Federation of Women's Institutes (1991). The Cumbria Village Book (Villages of Britain). Countryside Books. ISBN 1853061409.
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