User:KameronSch/Ecovillage

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Lead Section[edit]

An ecovillage is a traditional or intentional community with the goal of becoming more socially, culturally, economically, and/or ecologically sustainable. An ecovillage strives to produce the least possible negative impact on the natural environment through intentional physical design and resident behavior choices. It is consciously designed through locally owned, participatory processes to regenerate and restore its social and natural environments. Most range from a population of 50 to 250 individuals, although some are smaller, and traditional ecovillages are often much larger. Larger ecovillages often exist as networks of smaller sub-communities. Some ecovillages have grown through like-minded individuals, families, or other small groups—who are not members, at least at the outset—settling on the ecovillage's periphery and participating de facto in the community. There are currently more than 10,000 ecovillages around the world.(fact check for 2024) what qualifies a community to be considered a ecovillage?

Ecovillagers are united by shared ecological, social-economic and cultural-spiritual values.(doesn't really talk about spirituality in the content, addition?) Concretely, ecovillagers seek alternatives (expand upon alternative energy not talked about in content) to ecologically destructive electrical, water, transportation, and waste-treatment systems, as well as the larger social systems that mirror and support them. Many see the breakdown of traditional forms of community, wasteful consumerist lifestyles, the destruction of natural habitat, urban sprawl, factory farming, and over-reliance on fossil fuels as trends that must be changed to avert ecological disaster and create richer and more fulfilling ways of life. (reword to fit the article better)

Ecovillages offer small-scale communities with minimal ecological impact or regenerative impacts as an alternative. However, such communities often cooperate with peer villages in networks of their own (see Global Ecovillage Network (GEN) for an example). This model of collective action is similar to that of Ten Thousand Villages, which supports the fair trade of goods worldwide. (see for example unsure if this should be included)

(overall add more information to summarize the main sections)

(ecovillage versus traditional village explanation or comparison)

(The Ecovillage Impact Assessment, global ecovillage network connects to SDGs)

Source Year Definition
Robert Gilman 1991 "human-scale full-featured settlement in which human activities are harmlessly integrated into the natural world in a way that is supportive of healthy human development, and can be successfully continued into the indefinite future."[1]
Diana Michelle Fischetti 2008 "intentional community whose members strive to live in a socially and environmentally sustainable manner, to practice voluntary simplicity, and to cultivate meaning, life satisfaction, and fulfillment."[2]
Kosha Anja Joubert, Executive Director of the GEN 2016 "intentional or traditional communities, consciously designed through participatory process to regenerate their social and natural environments. The social, ecological, economic, and cultural aspects are integrated into a holistic sustainable development model that is adapted to local contexts. Ecovillages are rural or urban settlements with vibrant social structures, vastly diverse, yet united in their actions towards low impact, high quality lifestyles."[3]
GEN 2018 "intentional, traditional or urban community that is consciously designed through locally owned, participatory processes in all 5 dimensions of sustainability (social, culture, ecology, economy and whole systems design) to regenerate their social and natural environments"[4][5]
GEN 2024 "An ecovillage is an intentional, traditional or urban community that is consciously designed through locally owned, participatory processes in all four dimensions of sustainability (social, culture, ecology and economy) to regenerate their social and natural environments."[6]

History[edit]

The most recent worldwide update emerges from the 2022 Annual Report of GEN International, detailing the mapping of 1,043 ecovillage communities on GEN's interactive ecovillage map. [7] GEN collaborated closely with a diverse array of researchers and ecovillage communities spanning the globe to develop the Ecovillage Impact Assessment. Their innovative tool serves as a means for communities, groups, and individuals to accurately report, chart, evaluate, and present their efforts toward fostering participatory cultural, social, ecological, and economic regeneration. Over the course of three years, from February 2021 to April 2024, data from 140 surveys conducted within 75 ecovillages formed the basis of the comprehensive results. Through this assessment ecovillages are empowered to understand their impact and influence their community has had. [8]

Sustainability Alignment[edit]

Ecovillages epitomize sustainability through various facets of their design, lifestyle, and community goals. They prioritize environmental stewardship through various methods such as employing renewable energy sources, minimizing waste through recycling and composting, and practicing organic agriculture, permaculture often striving for self-sufficiency in food production to reduce the ecological footprint associated with food transportation.[9][10]Ecovillage communities emphasize resource conservation through green building techniques like passive solar design, natural insulation, and rainwater harvesting as well as promoting alternative lifestyle through more sustainable modes of transportation such as cycling, walking to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.[11] Ecovillages aim to foster strong social connections and a sense of belonging among residents by encouraging collaboration, consensus decision-making, and shared responsibilities which prompts a supportive environment that enhances individuals and collective resiliency.[12]Ecovillages are an international phenomenon that embraces cultural diversity, often integrating traditional wisdom in addition to innovative practices. Many ecovillages promote multiculturalism, indigenous knowledge, and participation for enhancement of intergenerational learning.[13]In essence, these communities aim for sustainable living through a multitude of various efforts and offer valuable insight for creating a sustainable relationship between humanity and the natural world.

Environmental Impact[edit]

Ecovillages often form out of care for the environment and an effort to be more sustainable. Ecovillages often use reusable power sources, such as solar and wind power, and use natural materials like mud, wood, and straw to build with. Regenerative technologies such as bioclimatic agriculture are used.[14]

A study on an ecovillage in Ithaca, New York found that the average ecological footprint of a resident in the ecovillage was 70% less than the ecological footprint of most Americans.[15] Ecovillage residents seek a sustainable lifestyle (for example, of voluntary simplicity) for inhabitants with a minimum of trade outside the local area, or ecoregion. Many seek independence from existing infrastructures, although others, particularly in more urban settings, pursue more integration with existing infrastructure. Rural ecovillages are usually based on organic farming, permaculture and other approaches which promote ecosystem function and biodiversity.[16] Ecovillages, whether urban or rural, tend to integrate community and ecological values within a principle-based approach to sustainability, such as permaculture design.[17]

Governance[edit]

Effective governance is important within ecovillages. It provides a model to implement and promote sustainable lifestyles (Cunningham and Wearing, 2013). While the first generation of ecovillagers tended to adopt consensus decision-making as a governance method, some difficulties with consensus as an everyday decision-making method emerged: it can be extremely time-intensive, and decisions too often could be blocked by a few intransigent members. More recently many ecovillages have moved toward sociocracy and related alternative decision-making methods.

In addition, ecovillages look for alternative forms of government, with an emphasis on deeper connections with ecology rather than economics.

Ecovillages, while united by their commitment to sustainability and communal living, often differ in their approaches to governance. Every ecovillage strives to reflect the diverse needs and values of their communities.[18] Ultimately, the choice of governance model within ecovillages aims to demonstrates a balance between fostering community cohesion, promoting sustainability, and accommodating the varied needs and values of their members.

Establishing governance is a common method used by ecovillages to align individual actions with community objectives.[19] Most ecovillages maintain a distinct set of policies to govern aspects of what keeps their society functioning. Policies within ecovillages are meant to evolve with new situations prompting revisions to existing guidelines. Ecovillages commonly incorporate elements of consensus decision-making into their governance processes.[20] This approach aims to mitigate hierarchies, power imbalances, and inflexibility within their governments.[19] The governmental framework designed in the Ecovillage Tamera, Portugal promotes inclusivity that actively works to combat hierarchical structures. The Tamera community attributes their success to their Women's Council who confront patriarchal norms and empower women within the governance system.[21] Members of ecovillage communities will select their peers to serve as government members based off established trust within the community, this serves as an active strategy to mitigate the emergence of hierarchies.[20]Through involvement of community members in reviewing and revising existing rules, ecovillages ensure flexibility and adaptability to evolving needs. Active participation in policy formulation fosters a sense of ownership among members regarding community expectations and boundaries.[22] Ecovillage community members express their contentment knowing they had the opportunity to voice their concerns and contribute to the decision-making process.[23]

Each ecovillage exhibits a unique approach to how they will develop their governance. Ecovillages acknowledge that there is a delicate balance in maintaining a functioning community that appreciates and considers the perspectives of its members. Through active involvement in the governance processes, ecovillages demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity, adaptability, and collective empowerment, demonstrating the principles of collaborative decision-making and community-driven change.[23]

Environmental Impact[edit]

Ecovillages often form out of care for the environment and an effort to be more sustainable. Ecovillages often use reusable power sources, such as solar and wind power, and use natural materials like mud, wood, and straw to build with. Regenerative technologies such as bioclimatic agriculture are used.[24]

A study on an ecovillage in Ithaca, New York found that the average ecological footprint of a resident in the ecovillage was 70% less than the ecological footprint of most Americans.[25]

2019 impact of community sustainability: A life cycle assessment of three ecovillages. results of this study are notable. Residents of these ecovillages saw a 63%–71% reduction in carbon emissions compared to the average U.S. resident.

In 2019, a study assessed the impact of community sustainability through a life cycle assessment conducted on three ecovillages. The results of this study revealed a substantial reduction in carbon emissions among residents of these ecovillages when compared to the average United States citizen. This study reported that residents had a 63% to 71% decrease in carbon emissions due to living in an ecovillage with sustainable practices and mitigation efforts to environmental impact.[26]

Challenges[edit]

While ecovillages aim to embody admirable dimensions of sustainability and community, they are not without their challenges. One significant challenge is the initial investment required to establish or transition to an ecovillage lifestyle.[27] The costs of acquiring land, implementing sustainable infrastructure, and maintaining communal facilities can be prohibitive for some individuals or groups making available funds a limiting factor.[28]Conflicts can arise regarding community rules, resource allocation, or individual responsibilities, it can be difficult to maintain cohesion which can be expected in any community type. An explorative study results concluded that the perceived quality of life of residents in eco-developments rated higher perceived quality of life than residents of developments in conventional settings while still noting various challenges they experienced. [29]Another noteworthy challenge can be limited access to resources, like land that is adequate for agriculture, available water or renewable energy potential which can limit the viability of ecovillage initiatives.[30]Despite these challenges, ecovillages continue to serve as inspiring models of sustainable living, innovation, and the potential for change in today's anthropocentric society.

Proposed Sections[edit]

  • social dynamics/lifestyle/behaviors/consumptive habits
  • economic systems
  • ecology? ecological footprint?
  • promoting sustainability?
  • case studies
  • challenges/criticism
  • future direction

Environmental Impact[edit]

Ecovillages have emerged as a model of sustainable living, aiming to minimize environmental impact. These intentional settlements often stem from a collective commitment to environmental stewardship and a dedication to establish resilient, eco-friendly practices.[31] Through dedication to various innovative practices and mindful lifestyle choices, ecovillages have been able to reduce their ecological footprint to a considerable extent.[32]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Gilman, Robert (Summer, 1991). "The Eco-village Challenge" Archived 2004-12-13 at the Wayback Machine. In Context. Retrieved on: 2008-04-09.
  2. ^ Fischetti, Diana Michelle (September 2008). Building Resistance from Home: EcoVillage at Ithaca as a Model of Sustainable Living (Thesis). University of Oregon. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  3. ^ Joubert, Kosha Anja (2016). "OVERCOMING APARTHEID-the Global Ecovillage Network - ProQuest". ProQuest: 10–12. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  4. ^ "About GEN - The Global Ecovillage Network (GEN) bridges countries, cultures, and communities!". Global Ecovillage Network. 13 April 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  5. ^ Singh, Bijay; Keitsch, Martina M.; Shrestha, Mahesh (2019). "Scaling up sustainability: Concepts and practices of the ecovillage approach". Sustainable Development. 27 (2): 237–244. doi:10.1002/sd.1882. hdl:11250/2626781. ISSN 1099-1719. S2CID 159366736. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  6. ^ "Concepts". Global Ecovillage Network. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  7. ^ "Ecovillages Archive". Global Ecovillage Network. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  8. ^ "The Ecovillage Impact Assessment". Global Ecovillage Network. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  9. ^ Kirby, Peadar (2020), Robbins, David; Torney, Diarmuid; Brereton, Pat (eds.), "Cloughjordan Ecovillage: Community-Led Transitioning to a Low-Carbon Future", Ireland and the Climate Crisis, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 287–303, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47587-1_16, ISBN 978-3-030-47586-4
  10. ^ Carragher, Vincent; Peters, Michael (2018-08-03). "Engaging an ecovillage and measuring its ecological footprint". Local Environment. 23 (8): 861–878. doi:10.1080/13549839.2018.1481021. ISSN 1354-9839.
  11. ^ Toros, Tulu (2011). "Ecological and Sustainable Urban Design: Eco-Villages, Eco-Districts, and Eco-Cities [2011]". Academia.
  12. ^ Ergas, Christina (February 16, 2010). "A Model of Sustainable Living: Collective Identity in an Urban Ecovillage". Organization & Environment. 23 (1): 32–54. doi:10.1177/1086026609360324. ISSN 1086-0266.
  13. ^ Mychajluk, Lisa (2017-10-09). "Learning to live and work together in an ecovillage community of practice". European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults. 8 (2): 179–194. doi:10.3384/rela.2000-7426.rela9092. ISSN 2000-7426.
  14. ^ "Ecovillages as an ecological alternative". Iberdrola. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
  15. ^ "Living Greener – Ecovillage at Ithaca". Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  16. ^ "The Significance of the Global Ecovillage Movement". Archived from the original on 2013-05-12. Retrieved 2014-01-23. Ted Trainer on ecovillages.
  17. ^ Holmgren, David. "The Essence of Permaculture." Retrieved on: 2013-07-31
  18. ^ Ulug, Ciska; Horlings, Lummina; Trell, Elen-Maarja (2021-01). "Collective Identity Supporting Sustainability Transformations in Ecovillage Communities". Sustainability. 13 (15): 8148. doi:10.3390/su13158148. ISSN 2071-1050. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  19. ^ a b Van Schyndel Kasper, Debbie (2008). "Redefining Community in the Ecovillage". Human Ecology Review. 15 (1): 12–24. ISSN 1074-4827.
  20. ^ a b Cunningham, Paul A.; Wearing, Stephen L. (2013-08-05). "Does consensus work? A case study of the Cloughjordan ecovillage, Ireland". Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 5 (2): 1–28. doi:10.5130/ccs.v5i2.3283. ISSN 1837-5391.
  21. ^ Esteves, Ana Margarida (2017-03). "Radical Environmentalism and "Commoning": Synergies Between Ecosystem Regeneration and Social Governance at Tamera Ecovillage, Portugal: Radical Environmentalism and "Commoning"". Antipode. 49 (2): 357–376. doi:10.1111/anti.12278. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Esteves, Ana Margarida (2017-03). "Radical Environmentalism and "Commoning": Synergies Between Ecosystem Regeneration and Social Governance at Tamera Ecovillage, Portugal: Radical Environmentalism and "Commoning"". Antipode. 49 (2): 357–376. doi:10.1111/anti.12278. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ a b Ulug, Ciska; Horlings, Lummina; Trell, Elen-Maarja (2021-01). "Collective Identity Supporting Sustainability Transformations in Ecovillage Communities". Sustainability. 13 (15): 8148. doi:10.3390/su13158148. ISSN 2071-1050. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  24. ^ "Ecovillages as an ecological alternative". Iberdrola. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
  25. ^ "Living Greener – Ecovillage at Ithaca". Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  26. ^ Sherry, Jesse (2019-11-10). "The impact of community sustainability: A life cycle assessment of three ecovillages". Journal of Cleaner Production. 237: 117830. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117830. ISSN 0959-6526.
  27. ^ "Ecovillage Transition in Action". Global Ecovillage Network.
  28. ^ Siqueira, Gabriel (2019-12-23). "Starting an Ecovillage with Few Resources". Global Ecovillage Network.
  29. ^ Bayulken, Bogachan; Huisingh, Donald (2015-07-01). "Perceived 'Quality of Life' in eco-developments and in conventional residential settings: an explorative study". Journal of Cleaner Production. Special Volume: Support your future today! Turn environmental challenges into opportunities. 98: 253–262. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.096. ISSN 0959-6526.
  30. ^ Siqueira, Gabriel (2019-12-23). "Starting an Ecovillage with Few Resources". Global Ecovillage Network.
  31. ^ Sherry, Jesse (2019-11-10). "The impact of community sustainability: A life cycle assessment of three ecovillages". Journal of Cleaner Production. 237: 117830. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117830. ISSN 0959-6526.
  32. ^ Daly, Matthew (2017-11-02). "Quantifying the environmental impact of ecovillages and co-housing communities: a systematic literature review". Local Environment. 22 (11): 1358–1377. doi:10.1080/13549839.2017.1348342. ISSN 1354-9839.
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