User:Kevmin/sandbox

Klondike Mountain Formation has 67 families and 141 genera per "Through the Quaternary looking glass: the Middle Eocene Republic flora over short timescales" Passmore, S. M., Johnson, K. R., Reynolds, M., Scott, M, & Meade-Hunter, D. GSA 2002 Denver Annual Meeting, Session No. 244, (Posters)

References to find[edit]

Mathewes, R. & Brooke, R.C., 1971; "Fossil Taxodiaceae and new angiosperm macrofossils from Quilchena, British Columbia" Syesis 4:209-216

Reference Bank[edit]

^ ^a ^b Dillhoff, R.; Leopold, E.; Manchester, S. (2005). "The McAbee flora of British Columbia and its relation to the Early-Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands flora of the Pacific Northwest". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42: 151–166.
^ ^a ^b ^c Greenwood, D.; Archibald, S.; Mathewes, R.; Moss, P. (2005). "Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 167–185.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference Barton2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Hilton&Lance2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Early works[edit]

Canadian[edit]

<ref name="Dawson1890">Dawson, J. W. (1890). On fossil plants from the Similkameen Valley and other places in the southern interior of British Columbia. Royal Society of Canada.
<ref name="Penhallow1908">Penhallow, D.P. (1908). "A report on Tertiary plants of British Columbia, collected by Lawrence M. Lambe in 1906 together with a discussion of previously recorded Tertiary floras". Report 1013. Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey Branch. pp. 1–167.
<ref name=Scudder1879>Scudder, S. H (1879). "Appendix A. The fossil insects collected in 1877, by Mr. G.M. Dawson, in the interior of British Columbia". Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress for. 1877–1878: 175–185.
<ref name="Scudder1890">Scudder, S. H. (1890). "The Tertiary insects of North America". United States Geological Survey of the Territories, Washington: 615. ISBN 9780665263149.
<ref name=Scudder1895v1>Scudder, S. H (1895). "Canadian fossil insects, myriapods and arachnids, 1. The Tertiary Hemiptera of British Columbia". Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. 2: 5–26.
<ref name=Scudder1895v2>Scudder, S. H (1895). "Canadian fossil insects, myriapods and arachnids, Vol II. The Coleoptera hitherto found fossil in Canada". Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. 2: 5–26.
<ref name="Handlirsh1910">Handlirsch, A. (1910). "Canadian fossil Insects. 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits of the southern interior of British Columbia, collected by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe". Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. 2 (3): 93–129.

American[edit]

<ref name="Berry1929">Berry, E.W. (1929). A revision of the flora of the Latah Formation (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 154-H. United States Geological Survey. pp. 225–265. doi:10.3133/pp154h. 154-H.
<ref name="Brown1936">Brown, R. W. (1937). Additions to some fossil floras of the Western United States (PDF) (Report). Shorter contributions to general geology. Vol. 186-J. United States Geological Survey. pp. 163–206. doi:10.3133/pp186J.

Highlands overviews[edit]

<ref name="Wehr1998">Wehr, W. "Middle Eocene insects and plants of the Okanogan Highlands". In Martin, J. (ed.). Contributions to the Paleontology and Geology of the West Coast. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. pp. 99–109.
<ref name="Greenwood2005">Greenwood, D.; Archibald, S.; Mathewes, R.; Moss, P. (2005). "Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 167–185. Bibcode:2005CaJES..42..167G. doi:10.1139/e04-100.
<ref name="Moss2005">Moss, P.; Greenwood, D.; Archibald, S. (2005). "Regional and local vegetation community dynamics of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia – Washington State) from palynology". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 187–204. Bibcode:2005CaJES..42..187M. doi:10.1139/E04-095.
<ref name="GCL2011">Archibald, S.; Greenwood, D.; Smith, R.; Mathewes, R.; Basinger, J. (2011). "Great Canadian Lagerstätten 1. Early Eocene Lagerstätten of the Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia and Washington State)". Geoscience Canada. 38 (4): 155–164.
<ref name="BetaD2013">Archibald, S.B.; Greenwood, D.R.; Mathewes, R.W. (2013). "Seasonality, montane beta diversity, and Eocene insects: Testing Janzen's dispersal hypothesis in an equable world". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 371: 1–8. Bibcode:2013PPP...371....1A. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.043.
<ref name="OHReview2016">Greenwood, D.R.; Pigg, K.B.; Basinger, J.F.; DeVore, M.L. (2016). "A review of paleobotanical studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) Highlands floras of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 53 (6): 548–564. doi:10.1139/cjes-2015-0177.

Falkland[edit]

<ref name="Smith2012">Smith, R.Y.; Basinger, J.F.; Greenwood, D.R. (2012). "Early Eocene plant diversity and dynamics in the Falkland flora, Okanagan Highlands, British Columbia, Canada". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 92 (3): 309–328. doi:10.1007/s12549-011-0061-5. S2CID 129448108.

McAbee[edit]

<ref name="Dillhoff2005">Dillhoff, R.M.; Leopold, E.B.; Manchester, S.R. (2005). "The McAbee flora of British Columbia and its relations to the Early-Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands flora of the Pacific Northwest" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 151–166. doi:10.1139/e04-084.

Penticton group (Kettle River)[edit]

<ref name="Pentictongroup2021">Höy, T.; Friedman, R.; Gabites, J. Paleogene Penticton Group, Boundary area, Southern British Columbia (Parts of NTS 082E): Geochronology and Implications for Precious Metal Mineralization (PDF) (Report). Geoscience BC Summary of Activities 2020: Minerals, Geoscience BC, Report 2021-01. Geoscience BC. pp. 55–66.

Princeton[edit]

<ref name="Shaw1952">Shaw, W. S. (1952). "The Princeton Coalfield, British Columbia". Geological Survey of Canada.
<ref name="Mustoe2010">Mustoe, G. (2010). "Cyclic sedimentation in the Eocene Allenby Formation of south-central British Columbia and the origin of the Princeton Chert fossil beds". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 48 (1): 25–43. doi:10.1139/e10-085.
<ref name="ThomasRnch2013">Dillhoff, R.M.; Dillhoff, T.A.; Greenwood, D.R.; DeVore, M.L.; Pigg, K.B. (2013). "The Eocene Thomas Ranch flora, Allenby Formation, Princeton, British Columbia, Canada". Botany. 91 (8): 514–529. doi:10.1139/cjb-2012-0313.

Quilchena[edit]

<ref name="Quilchena2016">Mathewes, R. W.; Greenwood, D. R.; Archibald, S. B. (2016). "Paleoenvironment of the Quilchena flora, British Columbia, during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 53 (6): 574–590. Bibcode:2016CaJES..53..574M. doi:10.1139/cjes-2015-0163. hdl:1807/71979.

Republic[edit]

<ref name="Umpleby1910">Umpleby, J. B. (1910). "Geology and ore deposits of Republic mining district". Washington Geological Survey. 1.
<ref name="Muessig1962">Muessig, S. (1962). "Tertiary volcanic and related rocks of the Republic area, Ferry County, Washington". Geological Survey Research 1962. 450 D: D56–58.
<ref name="Parker1964">Parker, RL; Calkins, JA (1964). "Geology of the Curlew Quadrangle, Ferry County, Washington". Geological Survey Bulletin. 1169.
<ref name="WandW87">Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–25. doi:10.3133/b1597.
<ref name="Joseph1988">Joseph, N. L. (1988). "Important Eocene Flora and Fauna Unearthed at Republic, Washington". Rocks & Minerals. 63 (2): 146–151. doi:10.1080/00357529.1988.11761830.
<ref name="WaGSig1991">Wolfe, J.; Wehr, W. (1991). "Significance of the Eocene fossil plants at Republic, Washington" (PDF). Washington Geology. 19 (3): 18–24.
<ref name ="Gaylord1996">Gaylord, DR; Suydam, JD; Price, SM; Matthews, JM; Lindsey, KA (1996). "Depositional history of the uppermost Sanpoil Volcanics and Klondike Mountain Formation in the Republic basin". Washington Geology. 24 (2): 15–18.
<ref name="Cheney1996">Cheney, ES; Rasmussen, MG (1996). "Regional geology of the Republic area". Washington Geology. 24 (2): 3–7.
<ref name="Suydam1997">Suydam, J.; Gaylord, D.R. (1997). "Toroda Creek half graben, northeast Washington: Late-stage sedimentary infilling of a synextensional basin". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 109 (10): 1333–1348. Bibcode:1997GSAB..109.1333S. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<1333:tchgnw>2.3.co;2.
<ref name="Gaylord2001">Gaylord, DR; Price, SM; Suydam, JD (2001). Volcanic and hydrothermal influences on middle Eocene lacustrine sedimentary deposits. Republic Basin, northern Washington, USA. pp. 199–222. ISBN 9781444304268. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
<ref name="Isotopes2021">Rubino, E.; Leier, A.; Cassel, E.; Archibald, S.; Foster-Baril, Z.; Barbeau, D. Jr (2021). "Detrital zircon UPb ages and Hf-isotopes from Eocene intermontane basin deposits of the southern Canadian Cordillera". Sedimentary Geology. 105969 (online).

Gold

<ref name="Lasmanis1996">Lasmanis, R (1996). "A historical perspective on ore formation concepts, Republic Mining District, Ferry County, Washington". Washington Geology. 24 (2): 8–11.
<ref name="Boleneus2001">Boleneus, D.; Raines, G.; Causey, J.; Bookstrom, A.; Frost, T.; Hyndman, P. (2001). "Assessment method for epithermal gold deposits in northeast Washington State using weights-of-evidence GIS modeling" (PDF). USGA Open File Report. 01–501: 1–52.

Stonerose

<ref name="SRhistory1995">Perry, M.; Barksdale, L. (1996). "A brief history of the Stonerose Interpretive Center". Washington Geology. 24 (2): 43–44.

Plant monographs and reviews[edit]

<ref name="FFS1996">Wehr, W.C. (1995). "Paleobotanical Significance of Eocene Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds from Republic, Washington". Washington Geology. 24 (2): 25–2. (Ensete & Paleomyrtinaea)

Diatoms[edit]

<ref name="A.Wolfe2005">Wolfe, A.; Edlund, M. (2005). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, and paleoecology of Eoseira wilsonii gen. et sp. nov., a Middle Eocene diatom (Bacillariophyceae: Aulacoseiraceae) from lake sediments at Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 243–257. Bibcode:2005CaJES..42..243W. doi:10.1139/e04-051.
<ref name="Mustoe2005diatom">Mustoe, G. E. (2005). "Diatomaceous origin of siliceous shale in Eocene lake beds of central British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 231–241. Bibcode:2005CaJES..42..231M. doi:10.1139/e04-099.
<ref name="Mallomonas2019">Siver, P. A.; Skogstad, A.; Nemcova, Y. (2019). "Endemism, palaeoendemism and migration: the case for the 'European endemic', Mallomonas intermedia". European Journal of Phycology. 54 (2): 222–234. doi:10.1080/09670262.2018.1544377. S2CID 85555530.
<ref name="Siver2019">Siver, P. A.; Wolfe, A. P.; Edlund, M. B.; Sibley, J.; Hausman, J.; Torres, P.; Lott, A. M. (2019). "Aulacoseira giraffensis (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom species forming massive populations in an Eocene lake". Plant Ecology and Evolution. 152 (2): 358–367. doi:10.5091/plecevo.2019.1586. S2CID 199531867.

Fungi[edit]

<ref name="Turtle1994">LePage, B. A.; Currah, R. S.; Stockey, R. A. (1994). "The fossil fungi of the Princeton chert". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 155 (6): 828–836. doi:10.1086/297221. S2CID 85107282. (also as turtle reference)
<ref name="LePage1997">LePage, B. A.; Currah, R. S.; Stockey, R. A.; Rothwell, G. W. (1997). "Fossil ectomycorrhizae from the middle Eocene". American Journal of Botany. 84 (3): 410–412. doi:10.2307/2446014. JSTOR 2446014. PMID 21708594. S2CID 29913925.
<ref name="EorhiafungiI2013">Klymiuk, A.A.; Taylor, T.N.; Taylor, E.L.; Krings, M. (2013). "Paleomycology of the Princeton Chert I. Fossil hyphomycetes associated with the early Eocene aquatic angiosperm, Eorhiza arnoldii". Mycologia. 105 (3): 521–529. doi:0.3852/12-272. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)

Mosses[edit]

<ref name="Kuc1972">Kuc, M. (1972). "Muscites eocenicus sp. nov.—a fossil moss from the Allenby Formation (middle Eocene), British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 9 (5): 600–602. Bibcode:1972CaJES...9..600K. doi:10.1139/e72-049.
<ref name="Mosses1974">Kuc, M. (1974). "Fossil mosses from the bisaccate zone of the mid-Eocene Allenby Formation, British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 11 (3): 409–421. Bibcode:1974CaJES..11..409K. doi:10.1139/e74-037.
<ref name="Miller1980">Miller, N. G. (1980). "Fossil mosses of North America and their significance". The Mosses of North America. pp. 9–36.

Ferns[edit]

<ref name=IJPSPiggetal>Pigg, K. B.; DeVore, M. L.; Greenwood, D. R.; Sundue, M. A.; Schwartsburd, P.; Basinger, J. F. (2021). "Fossil Dennstaedtiaceae and Hymenophyllaceae from the Early Eocene of the Pacific Northwest". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 182 (9): 793–807. doi:10.1086/715633. S2CID 239036762.

Athyriaceae

<ref name="Makotopteris1999">Stockey, R. A.; Nishida, H.; Rothwell, G. W. (1999). "Permineralized ferns from the middle Eocene Princeton chert. I. Makotopteris princetonensis gen. et sp. nov.(Athyriaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 160 (5): 1047–1055. doi:10.1086/314191. PMID 10506480. S2CID 33465214.
<ref name="Dickwhitea2006">Karafit, S. J.; Rothwell, G. W.; Stockey, R. A.; Nishida, H. (2006). "Evidence for sympodial vascular architecture in a filicalean fern rhizome: Dickwhitea allenbyensis gen. et sp. nov.(Athyriaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167 (3): 721–727. doi:10.1086/501036. S2CID 85348245.</ref>

Blechnaceae

<ref name="Trawetsia2006">Smith, S. Y.; Stockey, R. A.; Nishida, H.; Rothwell, G. W. (2006). "Trawetsia princetonensis gen. et sp. nov.(Blechnaceae): a permineralized fern from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167 (3): 711–719. doi:10.1086/501034. S2CID 85160532.

Salviniaceae

<ref name="Azolla1955">Arnold, C. A. (1955). "A Tertiary Azolla from British Columbia" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 12 (4): 37–45.

Gymnosperms[edit]

Ginkgophytes

<ref name="Mustoe2002">Mustoe, G.E. (2002). "Eocene Ginkgo leaf fossils from the Pacific Northwest". Canadian Journal of Botany. 80 (10): 1078–1087. doi:10.1139/b02-097.

Cycads

<ref name="WaGcycad">Hopkins, D.; Johnson, K. (1997). "First Record of cycad leaves from the Eocene Republic flora" (PDF). Washington Geology. 25 (4): 37. Retrieved 29 September 2021.

Conifers-general

<ref name="LaMotte1944">LaMotte, R.S. (1944). "Supplement to catalogue of Mesozoic and Cenozoic plants of North America, 1919–37". United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 924: 307. (For KMF Cephalotaxus)
<ref name="Arnold1955">Arnold, C. A. (1955). "Tertiary conifers from the Princeton coal field of British Columbia" (PDF). University of Michigan: Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology. 12: 245–258.
<ref name="Schornwehr1996">Schorn, H. E.; Wehr, W. C. (1996). "The conifer flora from the Eocene uplands at Republic, Washington". Washington Geology. 24 (2): 22–24.

Cupressaceae

<ref name=Chaney1951>Chaney, R.W. (1951). "A revision of fossil Sequoia and Taxodium in western North America based on the recent discovery of Metasequoia". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 40 (3): 231.
<ref name="Terry2016">Terry, R.; Pyne, M.; Bartel, J.; Adams, R. (2016). "A molecular biogeography of the New World cypresses (Callitropsis, Hesperocyparis; Cupressaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 302 (7): 921–942. doi:10.1007/s00606-016-1308-4. JSTOR 44853291. S2CID 4236846.

Pinaceae

<ref name="Miller1975pine">Miller, C. (1975). "Silicified cones and vegetative remains of Pinus from the Eocene of British Columbia". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 24 (10): 101–118.
<ref name="Shorn1986">Schorn, H.; Wehr, W. (1986). "Abies milleri, sp. nov., from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain Formation, Republic, Ferry County, Washington". Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History (1): 1–7.
<ref name="Gooch1992">Gooch, N. L. (1992). "Two new species of Pseudolarix Gordon (Pinaceae) from the middle Eocene of the Pacific Northwest". PaleoBios. 14: 13–19.
<ref name="LaPage1995">LePage, B. A.; Basinger, J. F. (1995). "Evolutionary history of the genus Pseudolarix Gordon (Pinaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 156 (6): 910–950. doi:10.1086/297313. S2CID 84724593.

Angiosperms[edit]

Monocots

<ref name="Keratosperma1988">Cevallos-Ferriz, S; Stockey, RA (1988). "Permineralized fruits and seeds from the Princeton Chert (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia: Araceae". American Journal of Botany. 75 (8): 1099–1113. doi:10.2307/2444092. JSTOR 2444092.
<ref name="Keratosperma2003">Smith, SY; Stockey, RA (2003). "Aroid seeds from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert (Keratosperma allenbyense, Araceae): comparisons with extant Lasioideae". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (2): 239–250. doi:10.1086/346164. S2CID 84905098.
<ref name=Bogner2007>Bogner, J.; Johnson, K. R.; Kvacek, Z.; Upchurch, G. R. (2007). "New fossil leaves of Araceae from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene of western North America" (PDF). Zitteliana. A (47): 133–147. ISSN 1612-412X.
<ref name="Paleoallium2018">Pigg, K. B.; Bryan, F. A.; DeVore, M. L. (2018). "Paleoallium billgenseli gen. et sp. nov.: fossil monocot remains from the latest Early Eocene Republic Flora, northeastern Washington State, USA". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 179 (6): 477–486. doi:10.1086/697898. S2CID 91055581.

Betulaceae

<ref name="Pigg2003">Pigg, K.B.; Manchester S.R.; Wehr W.C. (2003). "Corylus, Carpinus, and Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (5): 807–822. doi:10.1086/376816. S2CID 19802370.

Eucommiaceae

<ref name=Call&Dilcher1997>Call, V.B.; Dilcher, D.L. (1997). "The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 84 (6): 798–814. doi:10.2307/2445816. JSTOR 2445816. PMID 21708632.

Fagaceae

<ref name="Grímsson2016">Grímsson, F.; Grimm, G.; Zetter, R.; Denk, T. (2016). "Cretaceous and Paleogene Fagaceae from North America and Greenland: evidence for a Late Cretaceous split between Fagus and the remaining Fagaceae". Acta Palaeobotanica. 56 (2): 247–305. doi:10.1515/acpa-2016-0016.

Lauraceae

<ref name="Little2009">Little, Stefan A.; Stockey, Ruth A.; Penner, Bonnie (March 2009). "Anatomy and development of fruits of Lauraceae from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert". American Journal of Botany. 96 (3): 637–651. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800318. PMID 21628220. S2CID 38272445.

Lythraceae

<ref name="Decodon1988">Cevallos-Ferriz, S. R.; Stockey, R. A. (1988). "Permineralized fruits and seeds from the Princeton chert (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia: Lythraceae". Canadian Journal of Botany. 66 (2): 303–312. doi:10.1139/b88-050.
<ref name"Little2003">Little, R.A.; Stockey (2003). "Vegetative growth of Decodon allenbyensis (Lythraceae) from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert with anatomical comparisons to Decodon verticillatus". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (3): 453–469.
<ref name="Little2004">Little, S.A.; Stockey, R.A.; Keating, R.C. (2004). "Duabanga-like leaves from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert and comparative leaf histology of Lythraceae sensu lato". American Journal of Botany. 91 (7): 1126–1139. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1126. PMID 21653468.

Magnoliaceae

<ref name="Liriodendroxylon1990">Cevallos-Ferriz, S. R.; Stockey, R. A. (1990). "Vegetative remains of the Magnoliaceae from the Princeton chert (middle Eocene) of British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Botany. 68 (6): 1327–1339. doi:10.1139/b90-169.

Nymphaceae

<ref name="Allenbya1989">Cevallos-Ferriz, S. R.; Stockey, R. A. (1989). "Permineralized fruits and seeds from the Princeton chert (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia: Nymphaeaceae". Botanical Gazette. 150 (2): 207–217. doi:10.1086/337765. S2CID 86651676.
<ref name="Nuphar2015">DeVore, ML; Taylor, W; Pigg, KB (2015). "Nuphar carlquistii sp. nov. (Nymphaeaceae): A Water Lily from the Latest Early Eocene, Republic, Washington". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 176 (4): 365–377. doi:10.1086/680482. S2CID 84149074.

Rosaceae

<ref name="Wolfe1988">Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1988). "Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America". Aliso. 12 (1): 177–200. doi:10.5642/aliso.19881201.14.
<ref name="DeVore2004">DeVore, M.L.; Moore, S.M.; Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C. (2004). "Fossil Neviusia leaves (Rosaceae: Kerrieae) from the Lower Middle Eocene of Southern British Columbia". Rhodora. 12 (927): 197–209. JSTOR 23314752.
<ref name="DeVore2007">DeVore, M. L.; Pigg, K. B. (2007). "A brief review of the fossil history of the family Rosaceae with a focus on the Eocene Okanogan Highlands of eastern Washington State, USA, and British Columbia, Canada". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (1–2): 45–57. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0540-3. S2CID 10169419.

Sapindaceae

<ref name="Acers1987">Wolfe, J.; Tanai, T. (1987). "Systematics, Phylogeny, and Distribution of Acer (maples) in the Cenozoic of Western North America". Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy. 22 (1): 1–246.

Saururaceae

<ref name="Saururus2007">Smith, S. Y.; Stockey, R. A. (2007). "Establishing a fossil record for the perianthless Piperales: Saururus tuckerae sp. nov.(Saururaceae) from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert". American Journal of Botany. 94 (10): 1642–1657. doi:10.3732/ajb.94.10.1642. PMID 21636361.

Trochodendraceae

<ref name="Pigg2001">Pigg, K.; Wehr, W.; Ickert-Bond, S. (2001). "Trochodendron and Nordenskiodia (Trochodendraceae) from the Middle Eocene of Washington State, USA". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 162 (5): 1187–1198.
<ref name="Pentacentron2018">Manchester, S.; Pigg, K. B.; Kvaček, Z; DeVore, M. L.; Dillhoff, R. M. (2018). "Newly recognized diversity in Trochodendraceae from the Eocene of western North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 179 (8): 663–676. doi:10.1086/699282. S2CID 92201595.

Ulmaceae

<ref name="Denk2005">Denk, T.; Dillhoff, R.M. (2005). "Ulmus leaves and fruits from the Early-Middle Eocene of northwestern North America: systematics and implications for character evolution within Ulmaceae". Canadian Journal of Botany. 83 (12): 1663–1681. doi:10.1139/b05-122.

Urticaceae

<ref name="DeVore2020">DeVore, M. L.; Nyandwi, A.; Eckardt, W.; Bizuru, E.; Mujawamariya, M.; Pigg, K. B. (2020). "Urticaceae leaves with stinging trichomes were already present in latest early Eocene Okanogan Highlands, British Columbia, Canada". American Journal of Botany. 107 (10): 1449–1456. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1548. PMID 33091153. S2CID 225050834.

Incertae sedis

<ref name="Wang2000">Wang, Y.; Manchester, S. R. (2000). "Chaneya, a new genus of winged fruit from the Tertiary of North America and eastern Asia". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 161 (1): 167–178. doi:10.1086/314227. PMID 10648207. S2CID 45052368.
<ref name="Dillhoffia2008">Manchester, S.; Pigg, K. (2008). "The Eocene mystery flower of McAbee, British Columbia". Botany. 86 (9): 1034–1038. doi:10.1139/B08-044.

Insects[edit]

overviews[edit]

<ref name="Douglas1996">Douglas, S.; Stockey, R. (1996). "Insect fossils in middle Eocene deposits from British Columbia and Washington State: faunal diversity and geological range extensions". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 74 (6): 1140–1157.

Diptera[edit]

<ref name="Handlirsh1909">Handlirsch, A. (1909). "Zur Phylogenie und Flügelmorphologie der Ptychopteriden (Dipteren)". Annalen des Kaiserlich-Königlichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. 23: 263–272.
<ref name=Rice1959>Rice, H. M. A (1959). "Fossil Bibionidae (Diptera) from British Columbia" (PDF). Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin. 55: 1–36. doi:10.4095/100564.
<ref name="Evenhuis1994">Evenhuis (1994). Catalogue of the Fossil Flies of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Backhuys Publishers. pp. 1–600.

Hymenoptera[edit]

<ref name=Rice1968>Rice, H.M.A. (1968). "Two Tertiary sawflies, (Hymenoptera - Tenthredinidae), from British Columbia". Geological Survey of Canada. 67 (59): 1–21.
<ref name="Siricomorpha2015">Archibald, S.B.; Rasnitsyn, A.P. (2015). "New early Eocene Siricomorpha (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Cephidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America". The Canadian Entomologist. 148 (2): 209–228. doi:10.4039/tce.2015.55. S2CID 85743832.

Mecoptera[edit]

<ref name="Archibald2005">Archibald, S.B. (2005). "New Dinopanorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, USA)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 119–136. Bibcode:2005CaJES..42..119A. doi:10.1139/e04-073.
<ref name=Archibald2018>Archibald, S. B.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2018). "Two new species of fossil Eomerope (Mecoptera: Eomeropidae) from the Ypresian Okanagan Highlands, far-western North America, and Eocene Holarctic dispersal of the genus". The Canadian Entomologist. 150 (3): 393–403. doi:10.4039/tce.2018.13. S2CID 90119028.

Neuroptera[edit]

<ref name="Shcherbakov2006">Shcherbakov, D. E. (2006). "The earliest find of Tropiduchidae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha), representing a new tribe, from the Eocene of Green River, USA, with notes on the fossil record of higher Fulgoroidea". Russian Entomological Journal. 15: 315–322. (Ricaniella antiquata family placement)
<ref name="Makarkin2014">Makarkin, V.; Archibald, S.B. (2014). "An unusual new fossil genus probably belonging to the Psychopsidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America". Zootaxa. 3838 (3): 385–391. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.1185. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.8. PMID 25081783.

Odonata[edit]

<ref name="Allenbya2022">Archibald, S. B.; Cannings, R. A. (2022). "The first Odonata from the early Eocene Allenby Formation of the Okanagan Highlands, British Columbia, Canada (Anisoptera, Aeshnidae and cf. Cephalozygoptera, Dysagrionidae)". The Canadian Entomologist. 154 (1): e29. doi:10.4039/tce.2022.16.

Orthoptera[edit]

<ref name="Kevan81">Kevan, D.; Wighton, D. (1981). "Paleocene orthopteroids from south-central Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 18 (12): 1824–1837. Bibcode:1981CaJES..18.1824K. doi:10.1139/e81-170.
<ref name="Kevan83">Kevan, D.; Wighton, D. (1983). "Further observations on North American Tertiary orthopteroids (Insecta: Grylloptera)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 20 (2): 217–224. doi:10.1139/e83-019. (to be found)
<ref name="Menat2020">Schubnel, T.; Desutter-Grandcolas, L.; Garrouste, R; Hervet, S.; Nel, A. (2020). "Paleocene of Menat Formation, France, reveals an extraordinary diversity of orthopterans and the last known survivor of a Mesozoic Elcanidae". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65 (2): 371–385. doi:10.4202/app.00676.2019.
<ref name="Palaeorehniidae2022">Archibald, S. B.; Gu, J.-J.; Mathewes, R. W. (2022). "The Palaeorehniidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera, "Zeuneropterinae"), and new taxa from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America". Zootaxa. 5100 (4): 559–572. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5100.4.6. PMID 35391059. S2CID 247046978.
<ref name="OSpFPalaeorehniidae">Cigliano, M.M.; Braun, H.; Eades, D.C.; Otte, D. (2023). "Family †Palaeorehniidae Zeuner, 1937". Orthoptera species file, Version 5.0/5.0. Retrieved 2023-05-21.

Raphidioptera[edit]

<ref name=archibald2021>Archibald, S. B.; Makarkin, V. N. (2021). "Early Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of western North America from the Okanagan Highlands and Green River Formation". Zootaxa. 4951 (1): 41–79. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.2. PMID 33903413. S2CID 233411745.

Vertebrates[edit]

Fish[edit]

<ref name="Wilson1977">Wilson, M. (1977). "Middle Eocene Freshwater Fishes from British Columbia". Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Center. 113: 1–61.
<ref name="Ewoodruffi1978">Wilson, M. V. (1978). "Eohiodon woodruffi n. sp.(Teleostei, Hiodontidae), from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain Formation near Republic, Washington". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 15 (5): 679–686. Bibcode:1978CaJES..15..679W. doi:10.1139/e78-075.
<ref name="Wilson1982">Wilson, MVH (1982). "A new species of the fish Amia from the Middle Eocene of British Columbia". Palaeontology. 25 (2): 413–424.
<ref name="Wilson87">Wilson, M. (1987). "Predation as a source of fish fossils in Eocene lake sediments". PALAIOS. 2 (5): 497–500.
<ref name="Varves1994">Wilson, M. V.; Bogen, A. (1994). "Tests of the annual hypothesis and temporal calibration of a 6375‐varve fish‐bearing interval, Eocene horsefly beds, British Columbia, Canada". Historical Biology. 7 (4): 325–339. doi:10.1080/10292389409380463.
<ref name="Stonefishes1996">Wilson, M. V. (1996). "Fishes from Eocene lakes of the interior". In R. Ludvigsen (ed.). Life in stone: a natural history of British Columbia's fossils. Vancouver, BC: The University of British Columbia Press. pp. 212–224.
<ref name="Barton2005">Barton, D.; Wilson, M. (2005). "Taphonomic variations in Eocene fish-bearing varves at Horsefly, British Columbia, reveal 10 000 years of environmental change". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42: 119–136.
<ref name="Wilsonium2021">Liu, J. (2021). "Redescription of Amyzon'brevipinne and remarks on North American Eocene catostomids (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (9): 677–689. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1968966. S2CID 238241095.

Turtles[edit]

<ref name="Turtle1994">LePage, B. A.; Currah, R. S.; Stockey, R. A. (1994). "The fossil fungi of the Princeton chert". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 155 (6): 828–836. doi:10.1086/297221. S2CID 85107282. (also as Fungi reference)

Birds[edit]

<ref name="Birds2019">Mayr, G.; Archibald, S.B.; Kaiser, G.W.; Mathewes, R.W. (2019). "Early Eocene (Ypresian) birds from the Okanagan Highlands, British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 56 (8): 803–813. Bibcode:2019CaJES..56..803M. doi:10.1139/cjes-2018-0267. S2CID 135271937.

Mammals[edit]

<ref name="Russell1935">Russell, L.S. (1935). "A middle Eocene mammal from British Columbia". American Journal of Science. 29 (169): 54–55. Bibcode:1935AmJS...29...54R. doi:10.2475/ajs.s5-29.169.54.
<ref name="Eberle2017">Eberle, J.J.; Greenwood, D.R. (2017). "An Eocene brontothere and tillodonts (Mammalia) from British Columbia, and their paleoenvironments". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (9): 981–992. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54..981E. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0061.

Ant work[edit]

Ant sandboxes

Start article

Dominican amber

Ant notes[edit]

Descriptive[edit]

[Dillhoff2005-1] Dillhoff, R.; Leopold, E.; Manchester, S. (2005). "The McAbee flora of British Columbia and its relation to the Early-Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands flora of the Pacific Northwest". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42: 151–166.

[Greenwood2005-2] Greenwood, D.; Archibald, S.; Mathewes, R.; Moss, P. (2005). "Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 167–185.

[Barton2005-3] Cite error: The named reference Barton2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Hilton&Lance2008-4] Cite error: The named reference Hilton&Lance2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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