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  • 10 costliest winter storms in Europe ordered by overall losses 1980-2011

http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/NatCatService/significant_natural_catastrophes/2011/NatCatSERVICE_significant_winter_storms_eco_en.pdf

  • 10 costliest winter storms in Europe ordered by insured losses 1980-2011

http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/NatCatService/significant_natural_catastrophes/2011/NatCatSERVICE_significant_winter_storms_ins_en.pdf

Hard Kyndelmisse (hard Candlemas)| 1602

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http://www.climate4you.com/ClimateAndHistory%201600-1699.htm February 2, 1602, the Faeroe Islands are hit by a great storm, today still remembered as the hard Kyndelmisse. The storm permanently destroyed the famous sheltered natural harbour at Saksun in NW Faeroe Islands, on the west coast of the main island Streymoy. Great waves pouring in through the narrow entrance channel blocked the natural harbour with sand (Lamb 1977; Guttesen 1992-https://tidsskrift.dk/index.php/geografisktidsskrift/article/viewFile/5857/11134).

Follastormen/Gjæslinganulykka 1625

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20-23 February 1625 210 dead

The Great Sand Drift of 1694 (Culbin Sands)

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-28295928 Culbin Sands

http://www.climate4you.com/ClimateAndHistory%201600-1699.htm

1697

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[1][2]

10-12 December 1792

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Lamb Eden

Den galne måndagen

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11 March 1822 Norway https://arkivverket.no/arkivverket/Arkivverket/Bergen/Nettartikler/Den-galne-maandagen https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galnem%C3%A5ndag

November 1824

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Yrvädertisdagen 1850

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  • 29 January 1850

January 1884

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19-28 first depression 19 January saw pressure at Stornoway drop 0.96 inches of mercury (33 hPa) in 4 hours.[3]

26 January 1884, The 1884 event is one of the first significant storms of the Northeast Atlantic region to be covered by the 20CR dataset, and is particularly noteworthy as it yielded the lowest pressure so far recorded in the British Isles (925.6hPa; Burt, 2007). Lamb and Frydendahl (1991) categorized the storm as Class I, with a SSI rating of 5000, and ranked it the 15th most severe. A probable maximum wind speed associated with the event was 120–140kn, which affected England, Wales and the English Channel, and latterly the near continent and North Sea areas (Lamb and Frydendahl, 1991). Burt (2007) provides further details about the event and his synoptic reconstruction alongside Lamb's reconstruction are reproduced in Figure 2(a) and (c). doi:10.1002/wea.2289

11/02/1894

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24/03/1895

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December 1900

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15 December Flannan islands lighthouse keepers believed to go missing

21 severe gale Scotland

December 28/29 1900 storm Bristol channel led to closure of Lilstock harbour December 30 "Great Rainfall event" heavy rainfall arc from Bristol channel to Lincolnshire.

http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/8/c/Dec1900.pdf

1903 Leven Viaduct

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Stationary train blown over on Leven Viaduct http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BoT_LevenViaduct1903.pdf

1904

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http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/nyarsstormen-1904-1.28874

1927

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west coast storm surge http://www.surgewatch.org/the-11th-november-1977-defence-failure-and-flooding-at-fleetwood-lancashire/

1928

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1936

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17-19 October Ireland http://www.irishtimes.com/news/constant-gales-nothing-new-under-the-sun-1.1192735 http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2412312 http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/30118242

1944 Allied Invasion of France

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1954

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http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/ovader-i-januari-1954-1.5730

1955

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Ireland http://www.irishtimes.com/news/constant-gales-nothing-new-under-the-sun-1.1192735

1957

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Ireland http://www.irishtimes.com/news/constant-gales-nothing-new-under-the-sun-1.1192735

01/11/1965

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Knottingley Power station cooling towers collapse

Walpurga 1965

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1967 Series

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  • Lena The first place is the 1967th Between 17 and 18th October storm . It began in the evening of 17 October and passed through the whole of Latvia, the maximum speed reached on the night of 18 October, 18 October in the morning and another in the eastern districts of the day. Henceforth, until the end of the day, the storm gradually subsided inland areas, coastal areas but still remained at a lesser intensity of 19 and 20 October. This storm was characterized by a high wind gust peak speed range. Baltic Sea - Liepaja 18 October was registered so far the largest Latvian wind gust speed - 48 m / s , 40 m / s severe gusts were also Rucava and Bauska, but Kolka, Mērsrags and Riga maximum wind gusts reached only 20 m / s .

http://www.meteo.lv/lapas/laika-apstakli/fakti-un-noderiga-informacija/informativie-un-uzzinu-materiali/visstiprakie-veji-latvija/visstiprakie-veji-latvija?id=1844&nid=863

1968 Scotland

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6 March 1968

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1969

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  • 22 September 1969, Ada http://ndb.msb.se/ViewCase.aspx?id=70&l=SV&xMax=781909.5284000002&xMin=245118.2167999996&yMax=6691786.715399999&yMin=6111275.669500001 [5]
  • Allhelgonaorkanen (All Saints' Day storm) 1 November In second place is the 1969th on 1 to 4 November storm . It had two wind growth periods. The first - the fittest - began on 1 November in the late evening of the Baltic Sea coast and continued throughout almost all Latvian 2 November. Also, this storm was characterized by a high wind gust peak speed distribution, but the maximum wind gust speed observation site was unusual. It was Daugavpils, where wind gusts reached 44 m / s . 40 m / s severe gusts of wind were achieved in Ainaži, Ventspils but its time was "only" 35 m / s. The smallest storm this episode maximum wind gust speed was 20 m / s (Rujiena, Alūksne, Gulbene, Zosēni).

Second wind speed began to increase in the evening of 3 November, the maximum speed reached on the night of 4 November. This time, maximum wind gust speed was not as strong - it reached 34 m / s (in Daugavpils, sweet, Skulte), while the lowest - 16-17 m / s - it was the same place where the first phase of the storm - Aluksne and Zosēni.http://www.meteo.lv/lapas/laika-apstakli/fakti-un-noderiga-informacija/informativie-un-uzzinu-materiali/visstiprakie-veji-latvija/visstiprakie-veji-latvija?id=1844&nid=863

http://ndb.msb.se/ViewCase.aspx?id=72&l=SV&xMax=781909.5284000002&xMin=465702.3965999996&yMax=6756226.7118999995&yMin=6288549.661900001

Quimburga (Niedersachsenorkan) 1972

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29 December 1973-01 January 1974

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Transocean 3 rig sinks 100 miles east of Shetland http://home.versatel.nl/the_sims/rig/transocean3.htm

11/12, 27/28 January 1974

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January (Capella) 1976

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21. Smith, C.G. (1979) The Gale of 2nd January 1976. -http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/rpapers/#papers [6] [7]

highest water levels ever measured in many(some) places.

Capella was a windstorm, on 2-4 January 1976 swept across western Europe and the worst windstorms of the 20th Century. It caused severe damage and claimed at least 60 lives. When triggered by storm surge along the German North Sea coast, in part, the extreme values ​​were the North Sea flood of 1962 storm surge exceeded.Furious storms punch through resort's defences On Friday 2 January 1976 Britain suffered its worst meteorological disaster for 23 years when a rapidly intensified depression swept across Scotland to the North Sea and created nationwide gale havoc and marine flooding. By the end of the following day, during which the depression crossed Denmark to northern Poland, some 60 persons were dead.[8]


http://www.deutfracht-seereederei.de/capella.html account of Capella ship (in German) "The length (sea wall) from Grimsby Dock to Cleethorpes promenade is a concrete sea wall also maintained by the Environment Agency. This wall was built in the late 1970’s to replace the sea wall destroyed by the tidal surges of 1976". from http://publications.environment-agency.gov.uk/PDF/FLHO1111BVCX-E-E.pdf

http://www.dmg-ev.de/gesellschaft/publikationen/pdf/promet/Promet_4_84.pdf (in German) w/ map of wind areas

some images of the sea wall built to protect the railway in cleethorpes http://www.flickr.com/photos/smallritual/sets/72157607893963591/with/2927993946/

"3.11 > The storm surge of 1976 is notable as the most severe storm flood ever recorded on the German North Sea coast, and failure of the dike, as seen here on the Hasel- dorfer Marsh on the Elbe River, caused extremely severe damage. The water level in Cuxhaven reached a record high of 5.1 metres above normal. Nonetheless, the consequences were less severe than those of the flood of 1962 because many segments of the dike had been reinforced in the meantime."-http://worldoceanreview.com/wp-content/downloads/WOR_chapter_3.pdf

January 1976 Port of Hull flooded, tides and waves breached sea defenses at a number of points along the east coast of England, with large area of Norfolk under water"-http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd68/DHHealth/cap4-6.pdf

Serious Flooding in the Village of Paull in East Yorkshire-http://www.visitoruk.com/historydetail.php?id=11757&f=Hull

m

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imgages

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"New Clee Waterfront"


November 9-12, 1977

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West coast storm surge

(Jan 11-12) 1978 North Sea storm surge

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October 1979

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boat Margrethe Bojen sinks in force 8 gales, 6 men lost, man lost in same storm from boat Xmas Rose http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kvY9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=GUkMAAAAIBAJ&dq=grimsby&pg=3157%2C1442474 http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kvY9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=GUkMAAAAIBAJ&dq=grimsby&pg=3475%2C1443830 flooding, grampian electric ref dated 6th

December 1979

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coastal flood http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1979/jan/25/flooding-faversham

Unnamed 1980

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Alexander_L._Kielland_(platform) capsizes after structural failure during windstorm 27 March 1980 123 fatalities

1981 windstorm series

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• Most tornadoes in a 24-hour period in the United Kingdom: 105 were observed on the 18 November 1981.-http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/c/f/Fact_sheet_No._9.pdf "North Frisian Flood" of 1981 23/25 November

Gale from the west blew in over Denmark tore down trees worth more than 1 milliard kr. Danmarks normalsalg er ca. 750 millioner kr. on Tuesday 24 november at 16:38 at Thisted an 83 knot wind was measured, equivalent to 157.7 km/h.[9]

In November 1981, the Transworld 58 platform was torn from its moorings and drifted for several hours in hurricane winds. Forty-four men were evacuated but another 20 remained trapped aboard the platform for several hours before being rescued. There were no casualties.http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pf9NAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1osDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1950%2C1060257

http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IfpNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4540%2C4071798 http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oa9OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DE0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6847%2C2327568

9 fatalities in Denmark http://www.planat.ch/fileadmin/PLANAT/planat_pdf/alle/R1026d.pdf

13/14 December

19/20 December,

1982 France storm

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6-10, November http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rga_0035-1121_1983_num_71_1_2524

1982 North Sea storm surge

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http://www.north-norfolk.gov.uk/files/Appendix_7_-_Discussion_paper_on_the_influence_of_storm_surges.pdf

1983

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27 November 1983 Kanaalrat

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listed as ascension day (May 12)

22/24.11.1984

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1985

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http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/olandsstormen-1985-1.18239

Unnamed 1986

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1987J

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1989

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  • Scottish windstorm February 13, 1989 During this storm, a gust of 123 knots (228 km/h) was recorded at the Kinnaird Lighthouse (Fraserburgh) on the north-east coast of Scotland. This broke the highest low-level wind speed record for the British Isles. Much higher (unofficial) windspeeds have been recorded on the summit of Cairn Gorm and on Unst in Shetland. Scotland E 123 knots (142 mph) Fraserburgh (Aberdeenshire) 13 February 1989 low level-http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/c/f/Fact_sheet_No._9.pdf
  • 15 Feb lowest Denmark, 25 February lowest Jersey, France, Be, v low de it nl pl

Burn's Day/Daria

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  • 1990 storm series

http://www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken/2015/02/27/februari-1990-och-maj-1867-tva-verkligt-extrema-manader/

Undine 1991

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New Year 1992

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Grønås 1995 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995.00116.x/asset/j.1600-0870.1995.00116.x.pdf?v=1&t=gybfyj2t&s=c9e8a9f6f7183900dc45a62b9c02425f62552ac9

1993

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  • Braer storm[10]
  • Verena

Verena 1993

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Lea 1994

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[12:30] iKiewii|sleep: as far as we know the windstorm caused the sinking of the MS Estonia at
[12:30] iKiewii|sleep: 28th september 1994 was called "Lea". It was baptised at 25th september
[12:30] iKiewii|sleep: 1994.
[12:30] iKiewii|sleep: Best regards,
[12:30] iKiewii|sleep: Julia Sieland / Team "Adopt-a-Vortex"

Cyclone Thalia, 1995

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28 Oct 1996

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http://www.irishtimes.com/news/gale-thought-responsible-for-fatal-road-accident-in-carlow-1.100385

Christmas Eve storm/Yuma 1997

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23 Dec, 1997

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-5.1.98 (Fanny?)

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  • 18 dead, UK
  • F, NL, UK

Xylia

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Xylia-Winnie 23-29 October 1998 Xylia 24 October 1998

Lothar 1999

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Klaus, Lothar, Martin

Njål[11] 1999

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  • MS_Sleipner
  • November 26, 1999. 16 fatalities catamaran off course, hits rock during windstorm

Oratia 2000

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Finland Storms 2001

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Jannifer Jan 2002

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Anna 2002

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  • 26 february sting

Jeanette 2002

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Oralie 2004

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Gudrun/Erwin 2005

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cluster of 1. Dimitri, 2. Erwin, 3. Freddy, 4. Gero in 170 hours (P. Ludwig) Clustering of Windstorms Pinto PPT

Kyrill 2007

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Britta 2006 storm surge

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1 November 2006 storm surge 1 in 20 event

Tilo

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North_Sea_flood_of_2007 http://e-geo.fcsh.unl.pt/ICS2009/_docs/ICS2009_Volume_II/1656.1660_J.A.Parker_ICS2009.pdf http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/11/08/uk-britain-weather-idUKL0862102620071108

Resi (Tuva) 2008

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Emma 2008

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Zizi 2008

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On 22 February 2008, the King of Scandinavia broke free from its moorings at North Shields during high winds, drifting across the River Tyne and colliding with an oil rig moored on the opposite bank. There were no passengers on board at the time of the incident. Sailings were suspended while repairs were carried out.[13]

Klaus 2009

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  • Liberato, M. L. R., Pinto, J. G., Trigo, I. F. and Trigo, R. M. (2011), Klaus – an exceptional winter storm over northern Iberia and southern France. Weather, 66: 330–334. doi: 10.1002/wea.755

UK Winter Storm 2009

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Extratropical cyclone funnelled an Atmospheric river of moist air towards Cumbria.[14][15]

Xynthia 2010

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http://eprints.hrwallingford.co.uk/606/1/HRPP554_Comparison_of_causes,_effects_and_aftermaths_of_coastal_flooding_of_England_in_1953_and_France_in_2010.pdf http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1440&page=3 http://www.gccapitalideas.com/2010/03/08/update-2-windstorm-xynthia/

Europe December Storms 2010? (Monika, Orike)

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  • before 20/12/2010


Berit 2011

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Friedhelm 2011

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Dagmar 2011

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Andrea 2012

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Helga 2012

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Maike 10-11 feb 2012

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2012 Floods

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after dry 2 years and March heatwave...


2012 Great Britain and Ireland floods || April-July 2012 || 976 hPa[16]

A persistent Jet stream brings a series of low pressure systems across the UK (and western Europe), resulting in the wettest April-June on record.[17]

Bray Waterspout

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Other

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Genoa low

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van Bebber WJ. 1891. Die Zugstrassen deer barometrischen Minima nacho deer Bahnekarten deer Deutschen Seewarte fur den Zeitraum von 1870-1890. Meterologische Zeitschrift 8: 361-366. Van Bebber W. J. (1891) Die Zugstrassen der barometrischen Minima. In: Meteorologische Zeitschrift 8 (361–366)

http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2012/EGU2012-4492-3.pdf over the Balkan Peninsula to Central Europe,where it became stationary http://www.adv-geosci.net/12/43/2007/adgeo-12-43-2007.pdf

page Sting Jet

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Orestov

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Nostoc nitrogen fixation, UV ad dessication resistant.

References

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  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lamb1991 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Kington, John (December 1998). "The great storm of 1-2 October 1697". Weather. 53 (12): 424–428. doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1998.tb06361.x.
  3. ^ "Monthly Weather Report: January 1884" (PDF). Met Office. January 1884. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  4. ^ "20 are killed in Scots hurricane". The Times. No. 57170. London. 16 January 1968. col D-E, p. 1. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
  5. ^ "Orkanernas höst 1969" (in Swedish). SMHI. 23 April 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  6. ^ leeuwarder Courant dd. 5-1-1976
  7. ^ Leeuwarder Courant dd. 10-1-1976
  8. ^ The Journal of Meteorology. 1 (5). 5 http://www.ijmet.org/archive/February1976.htm. Retrieved 18 July 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ^ "Oparbejdning af stormfald Metoder og sikkerhed" (in Danish). Copenhagen University. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  10. ^ Pickhardt, Fred (29 January 2013). "BOOM! Intense North Atlantic Storm Drops to 930 Millibars! [REVIEW]". gcaptain. Retrieved 20 August 2014. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  11. ^ "Norske ekstremvær får navn" (in Norwegian). met.no. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  12. ^ Helene Guldberg (29 December 2000). "global warnings?". Spiked Science. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  13. ^ "Crash ferry's sailings suspended". BBC News. 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
  14. ^ "Atmospheric river of moisture targets Britain and Ireland". University of Wisconsin-MadisonSpace Science and Engineering Center CIMSS Satellite Blog. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
  15. ^ "Atmospheric rivers caused the UK's worst floods". New Scientist. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
  16. ^ "April 25, 2012 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  17. ^ "Met Office confirms wettest June in over a century". Met Office. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  18. ^ "April 9, 2012 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  19. ^ "April 30, 2012 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  20. ^ "Man dies in submerged car in ford near Newbury". BBC. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  21. ^ "Badminton Horse Trials cancelled amid South West flood alerts". BBC. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  22. ^ "May 12, 2012 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  23. ^ "May 22, 2012 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  24. ^ "June 8, 2012 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  25. ^ "June 18, 2012 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  26. ^ "June 29, 2012 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  27. ^ "July 2, 2012 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  28. ^ "Zwei Menschen sterben bei heftigen Unwettern in Süd- und Ostdeutschland". Spiegel Online. 8 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  29. ^ Browning, K. A. (2002). "Cloud-top striations above ana-cold frontal circulations" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 128 (580): 477–499. doi:10.1256/003590002321042063. Retrieved 24 February 2012. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
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