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[edit]- Category:Bishops of the Uniate Church of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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List of Metropolitan sees sui juris
[edit]This is a list of metropolitan sees sui juris in certain Eastern Catholic particular churches of the Catholic Church that are in full communion with the Holy See. As metropolitan provinces (equivalent to archdioceses in the Latin Church), the metropolitan bishops have oversight over a number of suffragan eparchies (equivalent to dioceses in the Latin Church) within their canonical territory. They differ from other metropolises in that they are sui juris, that is, self-governing. However, unlike patriarchal or major archiepiscopal churches, the power of the metropolitan bishop and the council of hierarchs is limited to their own territory. In each case, the metropolis is the only metropolis of their particular church.
| Development of the Metropolis of Kiev | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metropolis sui juris | Church | Rite | Cathedral Church | ||||||
| Addis Abeba[6 1][7 1][1] | Ethiopian Catholic Church | Alexandrian (Geʽez language)[2] |
Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary[3] (in Addis Abeba) | ||||||
| Asmara[6 2][7 2] | Eritrean Catholic Church | Alexandrian (Geʽez language) |
Kidane Mehret Cathedral (Our Lady of Perpetual Help)[4] (in Asmara) | ||||||
| Hajdúdorog[6 3][7 3] | Hungarian Greek Catholic Church | Byzantine Rite (Hungarian language) |
Cathedral of the Presentation of Mary[5] (in Hajdúdorog) | ||||||
| Pittsburgh | Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church | Byzantine Rite (English language) |
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (in Pittsburgh) | ||||||
| Prešov[6 5][7 5][7] | Slovak Greek Catholic Church | Byzantine Rite | Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (in Prešov) | ||||||
http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/type-mete.htm
Kiev template 1
[edit]Kiev template 2
[edit]
Disambig box
[edit]| Development of the Metropolis of Kiev | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patriarchate | Metropolis | Territory | Period | ||||||
| Constantinople | Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' | All Kievan Rus' | 998-1596 | ||||||
| Constantinople | Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1441–1596) | Western Rus' (Lithuania & Poland) | 858-1400 | ||||||
| Not recognised by Constantinople | Moscow and all Rus' | Grand Duchy of Moscow | 858-1569 | ||||||
Metropolis of Moscow and all Russia
[edit]The Moscow and all Russia was a metropolis that was unilaterally erected by hierarchs of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Moscow [B 1] in 1448. The first metropolitan was Jonah of Moscow; he was appointed without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.[8] The metropolis split from the Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' because the previous metropolitan — Isidore of Kiev — had accepted the Union of Florence. Seventeen prelates succeeded Jonah until Moscow's canonical status was regularised in 1589 with the recognition of Job by the Ecumenical Patriarch. Job was also raised to the status of patriarch and was the first Patriarch of Moscow. The Moscow Patriarchate was a Caesaropapist entity that was under the control of the Russian state.[9] The episcopal seat was the Dormition Cathedral in Moscow.
Background
[edit]
An Ecumenical council of the Church — the Council of Florence — took place from 1431 to 1449.[1 1] Although he resisted at first, the Grand Prince of Moscow — Vasily II of Moscow — eventually permitted the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus' — Isidore of Kiev — to attend the council on condition that Isidore should return with "the rights of Divine law and the constitution of the holy Church" uninjured.[10] The council healed the Great Schism by uniting the Roman Catholic and Eastern Othodox churches. The union was proclaimed on 6 July 1439 in the document Laetentur Caeli [11][a] which was composed by Pope Eugene IV and signed by the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund and all but one of the bishops present.[1 2] Some Greek bishops, perhaps feeling political pressure from the Byzantine Emperor, reluctantly accepted the decrees of the council. Other Eastern bishops, such as Isidore, did so with sincere conviction.[12] Sylvester Syropoulos[13] and other Greek writers charge Isidore with perjury because he accepted the union, despite his promise to Vasili II.[14]
Following the signing of the bull, Isidore returned to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the Kremlin's Dormition Cathedral, Isidore read the decree of unification aloud. He also passed a message to Vasili II from the Holy See, containing a request to assist the metropolitan in spreading the Union in Rus'. Three days later, Isidore was arrested by the Grand Prince and imprisoned in the Chudov Monastery. He arranged for certain Rus' clergy to denounce the metropolitan for refusing to renounce the union with Rome. As a result, the Great Prince of Moscow voided the union in his lands and imprisoned Isidore for some time.[14] Having adjudged Isidore to have apostatized to Catholicism, he was deposed by a local synod.[15]
Establishment
[edit]
After the metropolitan throne lay vacant for seven years, the secular authorities replaced him with the Bishop of Ryazan and Murom — Jonah of Moscow. Like his immediate predecessors, he permanently resided in Moscow, and was the last Moscow-based primate of the metropolis to keep the traditional title with reference to the metropolitan city of Kiev. He was also the first metropolitan in Moscow to be appointed without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm.[16] This signified the beginning of the de facto independence (autocephaly) of the Moscow (north-eastern) part of the Church.
The struggle for ecumenical union at Ferrara and Florence, while promising, never bore fruit. While progress toward union in the East continued to be made in the following decades, all hopes for a proximate reconciliation were dashed with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Following their conquest, the Ottomans encouraged hardline anti-unionist Orthodox clerics in order to divide European Christians.[17] Afterwards, the Church in Russia and the Russian state came to regard saw Moscow as the "Third Rome" and as the sole, legitimate successor to Constantinople.
Notwithstanding these events, the Ecumenical Patriarch continued to appoint metropolitans for the united Catholic and Eastern Orthodox ("Uniate") dioceses in those Ruthenian lands that were not controlled by the Tsardom of Moscow.[18][19][20] In the Polish and Lithuanian lands, the next uniate hierarch[18][19] was Gregory the Bulgarian. He was consecrated by a Latin Patriarch of Constantinople. In 1469, his appointment was also approved by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople — Dionysius I. The episcopal see of the new hierarch was located in Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. With the appointment of Gregory, the title was changed to Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus'.
Ecclesiastical structure
[edit]Jonah was unable to exercise any pastoral control beyond the borders of Muscovy. In the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland, the rulers rejected Jonah and continued to recognise Isidore as metropolitan. The metropolis was effectively split in two; Jonah ruled from Moscow in the east while Isidore and his successors ruled the western part from Novogrudok. In the Polish–Lithuanian lands, the title of succeeding metropolitans was changed to Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus'.
Dioceses:
- Urban Diocese of Moscow
- Diocese of Novgorod
- Diocese of Rostov
- Diocese of Yaroslavl
- Diocese of Smolensk
- Diocese of Kazan
- Diocese of Saratov
- Diocese of Tver
- Diocese of Vladimir
Changes and reforms
[edit]
The reign of Ivan III and his successor was plagued by numerous heresies and controversies. One party, led by Nil Sorsky and Vassian Kosoy, called for secularisation of monastic properties. They were opposed by Joseph of Volotsk, who defended ecclesiastical ownership of land and property. The sovereign's position fluctuated, but eventually he gave his support to Joseph. New sects sprang up, some of which showed a tendency to revert to the Mosaic law: for instance, the archpriest Aleksei was influenced by Zechariah the Jew and converted to Judaism.
Monastic life flourished, with two major strands co-existing until the definitive defeat of the non-possessors in 1551. The disciples of St. Sergius left the Trinity monastery near Moscow to found dozens of monasteries across northeastern Russia. Some of the most famous monasteries were located in the Russian North, in order to demonstrate how faith could flourish in the most inhospitable lands. The richest landowners of medieval Russia included Joseph Volokolamsk Monastery, Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery and the Solovetsky Monastery. In the 18th century, the three greatest monasteries were recognized as lavras, while those subordinated directly to the Synod were labelled stauropegic.
In the 1540s, Metropolitan Macarius convened a number of church councils, which culminated in the Hundred Chapter Council of 1551. This assembly unified Church ceremonies and duties in the whole territory of Russia. At the demand of the Church hierarchy the government canceled the tsar's jurisdiction over ecclesiastics.
Disestablishment
[edit]When traveling across eastern Europe from 1588 to 1589, Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople visited Moscow. He confirmed the de facto autocephaly of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Russia. For the first time since 1448, an Ecumenical Patriarch consecrated a metropolitan in Rus' lands — Job of Moscow. At the same time, in raising the metropolis to a patriarchate — as the Patriarchate of Moscow and all Rus' — he effectively disestablished the metropolis. The Patriarchate was abolished by the Church reform of Peter the Great in 1721 and replaced by the Most Holy Synod, and the Bishop of Moscow came to be called a Metropolitan again.
AS
[edit]List of people born after a failed abortion attempt
This is a list of people born after a failed abortion attempt. Although it is very uncommon, women undergoing surgical abortion after 18 weeks gestation sometimes give birth to a fetus that may briefly.[21][22][23] The periviable period is considered to be between 20 to 25 weeks gestation.[24] Long-term survival is possible after 22 weeks.[25] However, odds of long-term survival between 22 and 23 weeks are 2-3 percent and odds of survival between 23 and 24 weeks are 20 percent.[26] "Intact survival", which means survival of a neonate without subsequent damage to organs such as the brain or bowel is 1% at 22 weeks and 13% at 23 weeks.[26] Survival odds increase with increasing gestational age.[26]
Cuffe
[edit]Bible Books
[edit]Legend Associating Colour Groups to Denominational Families
| Denominational Family | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protestants | ||||||
| Catholics | ||||||
| Eastern Orthodox | ||||||
| Georgian Orthodox Church | ||||||
| Oriental Orthodox of Ethiopia & Eritrea | ||||||
| Syriac Orthodox Church | ||||||
Considered to be canonical by Protestants:
TD Box
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ The Grand Duchy of Moscow was a predecessor state of current state called the Russian Federation (Sources: Russia: People and Empire, 1552–1917 by Geoffrey Hosking, Harvard University Press, 1998, ISBN 0674781198 (page 46) & Russia and The Commonwealth of Independent States 2012 by M. Wesley Shoemaker, Stryker Post, 2012, ISBN 1610488938 (page 10).)
- ^ Sometimes also spelled as Laetentur Coeli, Laetantur Caeli, Lætentur Cæli, Lætentur Cœli, or Lætantur Cæli, and occasionally referred to as the Act of Union or "Decree of Union".
References
[edit]- Mykola Andrusiak. "Józef Szumlański, pierwszy biskup unicki lwowski, 1667-1708 (Open Library". Openlibrary.org. Retrieved 2012-08-25.
From This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Valois, Joseph Marie Noel (1911). "Basel, Council of". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 463–464.
From "GC-Catholic". Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- ^ "Ethiopic Metropolitanate sui juris of Addis Abeba". GCatholic. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ "Metropolitanate of Asmara, Eritrea (Eritrean Rite)". GCatholic. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ "Metropolitanate of Hajdúdorog". GCatholic. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ "Ruthenian Metropolis sui juris of Pittsburgh". GCatholic. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ "Ruthenian Metropolis sui juris of Prešov". GCatholic. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
From "Catholic Hierarchy". Retrieved 25 May 2023.
From "The Catholic Directory". The Catholic Directory. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
From "List of Parishes of the Archdiocese of Dublin". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin. Archdiocese of Dublin. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
From official parish websites
From "Deaneries of the Archdiocese of Dublin". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin. Archdiocese of Dublin. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
From "Buildings of Ireland". Search Building & Garden Surveys. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
From "Placenames Database of Ireland". Logainm. Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
Other sources
- ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis 1961, p. 648
- ^ David H. Shinn, Thomas P. Ofcansky (editors), Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia (Scarecrow Press 2013), p. 93
- ^ "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Addis Abeba". catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
- ^ Edward Denison, Edward Paice, Eritrea: The Bradt Travel Guide (Bradt Travel Guides 2007 ISBN 978-1-84162171-5), pp. 118−119
- ^ Véghseő, Terdik (2012) p. 114-115
- ^ Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh - history
- ^ [1] - Official web site of the Metropolitan Archeparchy of Prešov
- ^ E. E. Golubinskii, Istoriia russkoi tserkvi (Moscow: Universitetskaia tipografiia, 1900), vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 469.
- ^ Bainton, Roland H. (1966), Christendom: A Short History of Christianity, vol. I, New York: Harper & Row, p. 119
- ^ Joseph Gill, Personalities of the Council of Florence, pg68
- ^ "Bulla Laetentur caeli (6 Iul. 1439), de unione Graecorum". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
- ^ Dezhnyuk, Sergey. "COUNCIL OF FLORENCE: THE UNREALIZED UNION". Retrieved 27 December 2022 – via www.academia.edu.
- ^ Matthew R. Lootens, "Silvestros Syropoulos", in Graeme Dunphy and Cristian Bratu (eds.), Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle (published online 2016), accessed 21 September 2017.
- ^ a b "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistory of December 18, 1439". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
- ^ ИОНА // Orthodox Encyclopedia
- ^ E. E. Golubinskii, Istoriia russkoi tserkvi (Moscow: Universitetskaia tipografiia, 1900), vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 469.
- ^ "Lessons for Theresa May and the EU from 15th-century Florence". The Economist. 24 September 2017.
- ^ a b Slocombe, G. Poland. T. C. & E. C. Jack. 1916
- ^ a b FRICK, D.A. Meletij Smotryc'kyj and the Ruthenian Question in the Early Seventeenth Century. Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. 1984
- ^ Frost, R.I. The Oxford History of Poland-Lithuania: The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union, 1385–1569. Oxford University Press, 2015
- ^ "The Care of Women Requesting Induced Abortion. Evidence-Based Clinical Guideline no. 7" (PDF). Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. November 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
Recommendation 6.21 Feticide should be performed before medical abortion after 21 weeks and 6 days of gestation to ensure that there is no risk of a live birth.
- ^ Society of Family Planning (February 2011). "Clinical Guidelines, Labor induction abortion in the second trimester". Contraception. 84 (1): 4–18. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.02.005. PMID 21664506.
Transient survival with misoprostol for labor induction abortion at greater than 18 weeks ranges from 0% to 50% and has been observed in up to 13% of abortions performed with high-dose oxytocin.
- ^ Fletcher; Isada; Johnson; Evans (August 1992). "Fetal intracardiac potassium chloride injection to avoid the hopeless resuscitation of an abnormal abortus: II. Ethical issues". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 80 (2): 310–13. PMID 1635751.
following later abortions at greater than 20 weeks, the rare but catastrophic occurrence of live births can lead to fractious controversy over neonatal management.
- ^ "Periviable Birth - ACOG". www.acog.org. Retrieved 2019-07-14.
- ^ "Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Abnormality" (PDF). Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: 29–31. May 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ a b c Younge, Noelle; Goldstein, Ricki F.; Bann, Carla M.; Hintz, Susan R.; Patel, Ravi M.; Smith, P. Brian; Bell, Edward F.; Rysavy, Matthew A.; Duncan, Andrea F. (2017-02-16). "Survival and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Periviable Infants". New England Journal of Medicine. 376 (7): 617–628. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1605566. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 5456289. PMID 28199816.