User:Mandyal Sahil
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Kermish language is a constructed language.
Here I'm presenting it's grammar.
Pronouns[edit]
Person | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
First | ɛn | hɔf |
Second | si | sɔɪ |
Third | fi di ʋi | θae |
Person | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
First | ɛnz | hɔz |
Second | siːz | sɔɪz |
Third | fiz diz ʋiz | θaɪz |
Phonology[edit]
Consonants[edit]
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive / Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | ts | ʈ | tʃ | k | |
aspriated | pʰ | tʰ | tsʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | ||
voiced | b | d | dz | ɖ | dʒ | ɡ | ||
breathy | bʱ | dʱ | dzʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | ɦ | ||||
voiced | z | |||||||
Nasal | m mʱ | n nʱ | ɳ | (ŋ) | ||||
Lateral | l lʱ | ɭ | ||||||
Trill/Tap | r | ɽ ɽʱ | ||||||
Approximant | j | w |
- [ŋ] is heard when a nasal occurs before velar stops.
- [f] can be heard as an allophone of pʰ.
- Aspirated versions of m, n,ɳ, l,ɭ, r, w can be considered as separate phonemes.
Vowels[edit]
The vowels of Mandeali language are shown below.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː | |
Mid | (e) eː | ə əː | (o) oː |
Open-mid | ɛː | ɔː | |
Open | aː |
Vowels[edit]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | iː | uː | |
Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |
Close-mid | eː | ə əː | oː |
Open-mid | ɛː | ɔː | |
Open | aː |
- There are nasalized variations of the following vowels /ĩ ũ ẽ õ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã/.[1]
- Vowel sounds are often nasalized when occurring before a word-medial or word-final /n/, except when /n/ occurs before a word-final vowel.
- /ʊ/ can have a marginal upgliding allophone [ʊᵛ] when occurring before a /a/ vowel sound.
- A word-final /aː/ is realized as a back sound [ɑː] and may also drift toward a centralized [äː] sound.[2]
Grammar[edit]
Pronouns[edit]
The Pronouns of Mandeali for different person and number are -
Numeral | Kermish |
---|---|
1 | ɔf |
2 | ɡjʊ |
3 | klɛɹ |
4 | sɔl |
5 | tɔɪn |
6 | ɹaɪv |
7 | nif |
8 | ɛd |
9 | nɪt |
10 | fɔɪt |
11 | ग्यारा gyārā |
12 | बारा bārā |
13 | तेहरा tehrā |
14 | चउदा chaudā |
15 | पंद्रा pandrā |
16 | सोळा soḷā |
17 | सतारा satārā |
18 | ठारा ṭhārā |
19 | उन्नी unni |
20 | बीह bīh |