User:OnBeyondZebrax/sandbox/Cinema of France

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A Palme d'Or from the Cannes Film Festival, the world's most prestigious and publicized film festival.[1][2][3]

France has historical and strong links with cinema, with two Frenchmen, Auguste and Louis Lumière (known as the Lumière Brothers) having created cinema in 1895.[4] Several important cinematic movements, including the Nouvelle Vague, began in the country. It is noted for having a particularly strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the French government.[5][needs update] France remains a leader in filmmaking, as of 2006 producing more films than any other European country.[6] The nation also hosts the Cannes Festival, one of the most important and famous film festivals in the world.[7][8]

Apart from its strong and innovative film tradition, France has also been a gathering spot for artists from across Europe and the world. For this reason, French cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations. Directors from nations such as Poland (Roman Polanski, Krzysztof Kieślowski, and Andrzej Żuławski), Argentina (Gaspar Noé and Edgardo Cozarinsky), Russia (Alexandre Alexeieff, Anatole Litvak), Austria (Michael Haneke), and Georgia (Géla Babluani, Otar Iosseliani) are prominent in the ranks of French cinema. Conversely, French directors have had prolific and influential careers in other countries, such as Luc Besson, Jacques Tourneur, or Francis Veber in the United States.

Although the French film market is dominated by Hollywood, France is the only nation in the world where American films make up the smallest share of total film revenues, at 50%, compared with 77% in Germany and 69% in Japan.[9] French films account for 35% of the total film revenues of France, which is the highest percentage of national film revenues in the developed world outside the United States, compared to 14% in Spain and 8% in the UK.[9] France is in 2013 the 2nd exporter of films in the world after the United States.[10]

Until recently, France had for centuries been the cultural center of the world,[11] although its dominant position has been surpassed by the United States. Subsequently, France takes steps in protecting and promoting its culture, becoming a leading advocate of the cultural exception.[12] The nation succeeded in convincing all EU members to refuse to include culture and audiovisuals in the list of liberalized sectors of the WTO in 1993.[13]

Moreover, this decision was confirmed in a voting in the UNESCO in 2005, and the principle of "cultural exception" won an overwhelming victory: 198 countries voted for it, only 2 countries, the U.S and Israel, voted against it.[14]

France is the birthplace of cinema and was responsible for many of its early significant contributions.[5]

Another element supporting this fact is that Paris has the highest density of cinemas in the world, measured by the number of movie theaters per inhabitant,[15] and that in most "downtown Paris" movie theaters, foreign movies which would be secluded to "art houses" cinemas in other places are shown alongside "mainstream" works. Philippe Binant[16] realized, on 2 February 2000, the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.[17][18][19]

With 206.5 million tickets sold in 2010 and 215.6 million in 2011,[20] France is the third biggest film market in the world both in terms of admissions (after the United States and India) and revenues (after the United States and Japan).[21][22] It is the most successful film industry in Europe in terms of number of films produced per annum, with a record-breaking 261 films produced in 2010.[23] France is also one of the few countries where non-American productions have the biggest share: American films only represented 47.7% of total admissions in 2010.[24] This is largely due to the commercial strength of domestic productions, which accounted for 40% of admissions in 2011 (35.7% in 2010; 45.4% in 2008).[25] Also, the French film industry is closer to being entirely self-sufficient than any other country in Europe, recovering around 80–90% of costs from revenues generated in the domestic market alone.[26]

A study made in April 2014 shows the excellent image that the French cinema benefits around the world, which one remains the most appreciated cinema after the American one.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Dargis, Manohla. "Cannes International Film Festival". The New York Times.
  2. ^ Lim, Dennis (15 May 2012). "They'll Always Have Cannes". The New York Times.
  3. ^ Woolsey, Matt. "In Pictures: Chic Cannes Hideaways". Forbes.
  4. ^ (in French) Les frères Lumière
  5. ^ a b Alan Riding (28 February 1995). "The Birthplace Celebrates Film's Big 1-0-0". The New York Times.
  6. ^ "Cinema: production of feature films". Stats.uis.unesco.org. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  7. ^ "Cannes – a festival virgin's guide". Cannesguide.com. 15 February 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  8. ^ "Cannes Film Festival | Palais des Festivals, Cannes, France". Whatsonwhen.com. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  9. ^ a b (in French) Damien Rousselière Cinéma et diversité culturelle: le cinéma indépendant face à la mondialisation des industries culturelles. Horizons philosophiques Vol. 15 No. 2 2005
  10. ^ a b http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/11596/enquete-sur-l-image-du-cinema-francais-dans-le-monde
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference exception was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Joëlle Farchy (1999) La Fin de l'exception culturelle ? CNRS ISBN 978-2-271-05633-7
  13. ^ The cultural exception is not negotiable by Catherine Trautmann – Ministry of Culture
  14. ^ (in French) La Convention UNESCO pour la diversité culturelle : vers un droit international culturel contraignant ? – www.fnsac-cgt.com
  15. ^ 20 questions about studying in France
  16. ^ Fr.academic Biography : Philippe Binant (1960 – ).
  17. ^ Cahiers du cinéma, n°hors-série, Paris, April 2000, p. 32 (cf. also Histoire des communications, 2011, p. 10.).
  18. ^ Cf. Binant, " Au cœur de la projection numérique ", Actions, 29, Kodak, Paris, 2007, p. 12.
  19. ^ Claude Forest, « De la pellicule aux pixels : l'anomie des exploitants de salles de cinéma », in Laurent Creton, Kira Kitsopanidou (sous la direction de), Les salles de cinéma : enjeux, défis et perspectives, Armand Colin / Recherche, Paris, 2013, p. 116.
  20. ^ "Fréquentation record des salles de cinéma françaises en 2011". Le Monde. 13 April 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  21. ^ http://www.fncf.org/updir/1/cp_annee_2010.pdf
  22. ^ "World domination by box office cinema admissions". GreenAsh. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  23. ^ "Cinéma : record pour la production de films en France en 2010... grâce aux aides publiques". La Tribune. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  24. ^ "2010, année très cinéphile en France | Next". Next.liberation.fr. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  25. ^ "Cinéma : 2011 année de records en France | France Soir". France Soir. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  26. ^ "The French System and Managing Co-productions". Skillset. 20 April 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
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