User:White whirlwind/Pinyin 2.0

Pinyin 2.0	Pinyin	IPA	English approximation	Explanation
b	b	[p]	spit	unaspirated p, as in spit
p	p	[pʰ]	pay	strongly aspirated p, as in pit
m	m	[m]	may	as in English mummy
f	f	[f]	fair	as in English fun
d	d	[t]	stop	unaspirated t, as in stop
t	t	[tʰ]	take	strongly aspirated t, as in top
n	n	[n]	nay	as in English nit
l	l	[l]	lay	as in English love
g	g	[k]	skill	unaspirated k, as in skill
k	k	[kʰ]	kay	strongly aspirated k, as in kill
h	h	[x]	loch	roughly like the Scots ch. English h as in hay or, more closely in some American dialects, hero is an acceptable approximation. The best way to produce this sound is by very slowly making a "k" sound, pausing at the point where there is just restricted air flowing over the back of your tongue (after the release at the beginning of a "k")
ji or jü	j	[tɕ]	churchyard	No equivalent in English, but similar to an unaspirated "-chy-" sound when said quickly. Like q, but unaspirated. Is similar to the English name of the letter G. Not the s in Asia, despite the common English pronunciation of "Beijing". The sequence "ji" word-initially is the same as the Japanese pronunciation of じ(ジ) ji.
chi or chü	q	[tɕʰ]	punch yourself	No equivalent in English. Like punch yourself, with the lips spread wide with ee. Curl the tip of the tongue downwards to stick it at the back of the teeth and strongly aspirate. The sequence "qi" word-initially is the same as the Japanese pronunciation of ち(チ) chi.
shi or shü	x	[ɕ]	push yourself	No equivalent in English. Like -sh y-, with the lips spread and the tip of your tongue curled downwards and stuck to the back of teeth when you say ee. The sequence "xi" is the same as the Japanese pronunciation of し(シ) shi.
j	zh	[tʂ]	junk	Rather like ch (a sound between choke, joke, true, and drew, tongue tip curled more upwards). Voiced in a toneless syllable.
ch	ch	[tʂʰ]	church	as in chin, but with a flat tongue; very similar to nurture in American English, but strongly aspirated.
sh	sh	[ʂ]	shirt	as in shoe, but with a flat tongue; very similar to marsh in American English
r	r	[ɻ]	ray	Similar to the English r in reduce, but with a flat tongue and lightly fricated.
tz	z	[ts]	reads	unaspirated c, similar to something between suds and cats; as in suds in a toneless syllable
ts	c	[tsʰ]	hats	like the English ts in cats, but strongly aspirated, very similar to the Czech, Polish and Slovak c.
s	s	[s]	say	as in sun
w	w	[w]	way	as in water.*
y	y	[j], [ɥ]	yea	as in yes. Before a u, pronounce it with rounded lips.*

		Coda
		∅			/i/		/u/		/n/		/ŋ/
Medial	∅	[ɨ] -i	[ɤ] e -e	[a] a -a	[ei̯] ei -ei	[ai̯] ai -ai	[ou̯] ou -ou	[au̯] ao -ao	[ən] en -en	[an] an -an	[ʊŋ] -ong	[əŋ] eng -eng	[aŋ] ang -ang
	/j/	[i] yi -i	[je] ye -ie	[ja] ya -ia			[jou̯] you -io	[jau̯] yao -iao	[in] yin -in	[jɛn] yan -ian yen -ien	[jʊŋ] yong -iong	[iŋ] ying -ing	[jaŋ] yang -iang
	/w/	[u] wu -u	[wo] wo -uo 3	[wa] wa -ua	[wei̯] wei -ui -uei	[wai̯] wai -uai			[wən] wen -un -wun	[wan] wan -uan		[wəŋ] weng	[waŋ] wang -uang
	/y/	[y] yu -ü 2	[ɥe] 'yüe -üe 2						[yn] yun -ün 2	[ɥɛn] yüen -üen 2