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The Self-determination Movement

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The Self-determination Movement
LeaderAlbin Kurti
Leader of the Parliamentary GroupVisar Ymeri
Founded2004
Preceded byKAN (Kosova Action Network)
HeadquartersPristina
NewspaperPërballja
IdeologyLeft-wing nationalism[1][2]
Protectionism[3]
Direct democracy[4][5][6]
Radicalism[1][7][8]
Political positionLeft-wing[9]
ColoursWhite, Red
Assembly
13 / 120
Website
www.vetevendosje.org
Party demonstration of on 30 June 2007
"No negotiations, self-determination" graffiti in Glogovac
FUND - Albanian for 'The End'

Vetëvendosje (trans. Self-determination) is a radical[7] nationalistic[1][10] political movement in Kosovo[a], which opposes foreign involvement in internal affairs of the country and campaigns for the sovereignty exercised by the people instead, as part of the right of self-determination.[11][12]

The movement widely bases its philosophy on the works of Ukshin Hoti[13][14][15][16] and Hegel.[17][18][third-party source needed]

The big contrast with the rest of political spectrum within Kosovo gleams in regard of two main issues that characterize the country after the war: the long process of negotiations with Serbia concerning the internal organization and socio-political aspects of Kosovo, without imposing any prior conditions to the Serbian side, which they consider "unfair and harmful",[19][20][21][22][23] and the process of privatization of public companies which they describe as "a corruption model, contributing to increasing unemployment, ruining the economy, and halting economic development of the country".[24][25][26]

History of the movement

"Vetëvendosje!" was the main slogan during the protests that took place in 1968 throughout Kosovo,[27] with the goal of advancing national rights of Albanians and enforcing the political status as an entity within Yugoslavia.[28]

Vetëvendosje! was founded in 2004 and has been led, since its start, by Albin Kurti, as a consecutive of KAN (Kosova Action Network) a group promoting active citizenry and direct political participation of the masses.[29][30]
One of the movement's political points is to hold a referendum on union with Albania.[10][31] The movement counts on close to 20,000 activists at their disposal at any time.

On 10 February 2007 a demonstration organised by Vetëvendosje and attended by more than 60,000 people took place in the streets of Pristina. Riot police were deployed after the rioters allegedly planned to storm the government office. Following this deployment, after a few minutes Romanian UNMIK riot police fired tear gas and rubber bullets at the crowd who until then protested peacefully. The Romanian UNMIK police officers then fired directly at the face of one of the protesters, resulting in the immediate death of this unarmed civilian. Following the first casualty the situation went fully out of control and the police began firing rubber bullets at the protesters while always aiming at their heads, resulting in another casualty of a protester who was shot point-blank while he was hiding from the tear gas inside Hotel Iliria, countless other protesters were injured while one protester who was shot next to the heart survived after a long state of coma and still today lives with the projectile inside his chest. The end of the protest resulted in two deaths, seven serious injuries and 73 minor injuries.[32] A prosecutor determined that the police, Romanians who are part of an international force deployed here, had acted criminally, but declined to file charges because it was unclear who had fired the fatal shots. Instead, Kurti got arrested for "disdain and contempt for all that represents the legitimate authority of Kosovo".[33][34]

The movement campaigned through graffiti opposing the negotiations for the final status of Kosovo. The graffiti in Albanian is: Jo Negociata -- Vetëvendosje! (Albanian for "No negotiations - Self-determination!"). Among the targets for activities of Vetëvendosje activists are vehicles of UNMIK with UN signs, to which the activists add an F character at the beginning and a D character at the end resulting in FUND signs, which in Albanian means The End. The movement also opposes the decentralisation process which creates a de facto division of Kosovo along ethnic lines, separating Kosovo into ethnic Albanian and Serbian parts and as such resulting in ethnic discrimination of both Albanian and Serbian communities by creating ghettos based on ethnicity. The movement has also organised protests in front of the headquarters of the United Nations in both New York and in Kosovo during the visits of the heads of state of Serbia or negotiations' mediators.[35][36][37]

Participation in elections

Parliamentary elections of 2010

Further information: Kosovan parliamentary election, 2010

The decision to participate in the coming elections as a political entity led to another arrest of Kurti by EULEX.[38][39][40] In December 2010 the movement participated for the first time in national elections and obtained 12.66% of the votes in an electoral process where there was industrialized ballot stuffing and election manipulation done by the ruling Democratic Party of Kosovo of Hashim Thaçi, Democratic League of Kosovo of Isa Mustafa, Alliance for the Future of Kosovo of Ramush Haradinaj and Alliance for New Kosovo of Behgjet Pacolli. According to international election monitoring reports these elections were the worst in Kosovo history. For Vetëvendosje!, the result of 12.66% constituted the percentage of votes it was able to protect, not the percentage which the movement actually won. It claims that in a fair electoral process the movement would be the largest political subject in the parliament. Vetëvendosje! deposited more than 1,500 complaints as a result of which there were repeated elections in most Kosovar municipalities at least once (in the worst cases going up to a total of three rounds of voting in problematic towns like Skenderaj and Mitrovica[41]). Although this result would place Vetëvendosje as the third political subject of Kosovo, one day after the elections Vetëvendosje presented findings of its observers who had witnessed voter manipulation and fraud in some constituencies.[41]
VV! won 14 seats, 2 of them going for their ally movement Movement for Unification, (Albanian: Lëvizja per Bashkim, LB), with all 14 being part of VV! parliamentary group.[42] LB assembly members left the VV! parliamentary group on 20 September 2011, due to divergences on funds distribution (The fund for supporting political subjects 2011), and acting as independent since then.[43][44]
During the first seance of the new parliament all members took their oath while holding the red and black Albanian flag in front of them,[45][46] and have continuously introduced it inside the Assembly premises,[47] while ignoring and contesting the symbols of Republic of Kosovo including the State Anthem.[48]

Local elections of 2013

Further information: Kosovo local elections, 2013

VV! participated in November 2013 election in every single municipality for the first time. Beside Shpend Ahmeti's victory in the capital Prishtina over LDK leader and former mayor Isa Mustafa, considered historical,[49][50][51] VV! managed to place assembly members in most of the municipalities, though not reaching the second round anywhere else. The movement could not place assembly members in the following municipalities: Dragash, Leposavić, Zvečan, Zubin Potok, Novo Brdo, Gracanica, Mamusha, Partesh, Klokot, and Northern Mitrovica.[52]
In overall, the movement came fourth with a decrease in votes from the last parliamentary elections.[53] A session of the movement's General Council was called on December 15, 2013 which between other things discussed these results as well as necessary action in response to them. According to Ahmeti's words during the an interview with Top-Channel, there were also changes in the movement statute which came out of the General Council meeting.[54]
Nevertheless, VV! leaders and activists enthusiastic about the victory in Prishtina and participation in other local assemblies. The discrepancies of votes between municipalities showed how the movement electorate support is distributed in terms of age, education, location, etc.

Merger with the New Spirit Party

New Spirit Party (Albanian: Partia Fryma e Re) merged into Vetëvendosje! on 31 March 2011.[55][56] Shpend Ahmeti is currently vice-chairman of Vetëvendosje! and Mayor of Prishtina as of December 2013.[49][50][51]

Merger with Socialist Party of Kosovo

The Socialist Party of Kosovo, led by Ilaz Kadolli, joined Vetëvendosje! on April 26, 2013.[57] Kurti and Kadolli agreed that the merger will be in the interest of building a strong political and economical state. The party had no representatives in the Kosovo Parliament, but had several in local governments.

Merger with People's Movement of Kosovo

Further information: People's Movement of Kosovo

People's Movement of Kosovo (Lëvizja Popullore e Kosovës), with its structures in Kosovo and abroad joined Vetëvendosje! on July 23, 2013, as stated from both leaders Kurti and Zekaj during the press conference in Vetevendosje! headquarters in Prishtina: "...with the only aim to change social flow on the benefit of Albanian people".[58][59] Zekaj stated that PMK has a wide membership within Kosovo and abroad, though he didn't provide numbers.[60]
PMK started in 1982 as a Marxist nationalist grouping of Albanian diaspora organizations in Western Europe and is considered the origin of KLA.[61] Most of its leadership moved on with the newly created party Democratic Party of Kosovo of Hashim Thaçi after the war.

Opposition

VV! has presented the most firm and continuously critical opposition to the Thaçi government while proclaiming their governance executive program which focuses on three main columns: developmental state, state of rights, and social state.[62][63]

Controversies

On December 10, 2012, US Ambassador Tracey Ann Jacobson accused VV! of having sent a threatening letter to former State Secretary Madeleine Albright,[64][65] one of the most respected and loved political figures between Albanians. VV! officially replied four days later, stating that "they were amazed with the accusations, and Kurti never sent any letter to Mrs. Albright, but if someone had proof should make it available to the public".[66][67] They explained that they had urged citizens of Kosovo to mail to companies which were racing for privatizing PTK (the postal and telecommunications authority of Kosovo owning "Vala" mobile operator as well) while explaining to them the harm that the privatization is causing the country's economy and the wrong practices applied during the process. Apparently, one of the runners was a consortium of Portugal Telecom with Albright Capital Management,[68][69] which dropped off the race on January 2013.[70][71][72]

"We did not threaten anyone and we definitely did not, as you claim, try to deter Ms. Albright from visiting Kosovo. Indeed, after this letter of September 1, Ms. Albright visited Kosovo in November, without the slightest opposition from VETËVENDOSJE! During her visit, she even met our deputies. "[66]

On June 27, 2013, VV! organized a protest against the latest agreement between Kosovo prime minister Hashim Thaçi and Serbian homologue Ivica Dačić during the latest round of political negotiations between Prishtina and Beograd in Brussels hosted by Catherine Ashton.[73][74] Vetëvendosje! tried to block all entrances to the parliament building, in order to hinder the assemblymen from entering, thus preventing the agreement for being ratified. The protest didn't succeed, and the agreement was voted from the majority of the assembly representatives.[75][76] During the protest, US Ambassador Tracey Ann Jacobson resulted with an injury on her right arm[77] while entering from a secondary entrance together with some assembly members.
Although the video evidence[78] showed no physical contact between protesters and US Ambassador, confirmed as well by LDK assemblyman Haki Demolli[79][80] who entered the building together with the American Ambassador, the incident aggravated the already difficult relationship between US State Department and VV!. The reaction was prompt, following the US Embassy official statement,[81] VV! was criticized by Kosovo government instances,[82][83] political factors,[84][85] as well as public opinion.[86] Even long time supporter of VV!, former OSCE ambassador Willim Walker, described the action as "big mistake".[87] According to Zëri newspaper, the US Department of State called Kosovo Ambassador in Washington D.C. Akan Ismajli requiring official explanations, though no comments came from official sources within Kosovo.[88]

"As we have stressed with all leaders and particularly to Vetevendosje, while the United States respects citizens’ rights to free speech and expression, we deplore the use of violent tactics in obstructing the democratic process. Freedom of speech does not mean the right to restrict the freedom of movement of others. Vetevendosje’s continued reliance on violent tactics undermines Kosovo’s reputation as an emerging democracy."[81]


The reaction from VV! was vague, with soon-to-be-gone Alma Lama being the first one to personally apologize to the US Ambassador.[89] On 1 July, Glauk Konjufca apologized to all foreign representatives visiting the Kosovo parliament on that day: "Specifically, there is the case of US Ambassador, but even other foreign representatives to whom we apologize in case they have experienced any unpleasant situation. But, analyzing the harm that the agreement causes, it sounded reasonable to us to act the way we did though I don't deny having possibly made some mistakes."[90] The overall positioning of VV! can be described with Shpend Ahmeti's statement: "the protest was not violent, we didn't want anyone to get hurt, we are sorry if someone actually did, but the negative effects of the agreement overrun any side effects of the protest", adding "the government is trying to show us as anti-american, which we are not".[91]

The Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs Philip Reeker during his visit to Prishtina few days later would be harsh and very direct with VV!, calling them "clowns who want to be violent".[92][93][94] VV! would call Reekers' accusations as "unfair and non-democratic"[95] and issue a complaint letter to the US Department of State.[96]

Vetëvendosje! members in the Assembly of Kosovo

The chairman of the movement's parliamentary group is Visar Ymeri. The President of the Vetëvendosje! movement Albin Kurti is also Chairman of the Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee in the Republic of Kosovo,[97] while Vetëvendosje! MP Glauk Konjufca is Deputy-Speaker of Parliament[98][99] and is the editor of the movement's weekly journal. Alma Lama resigned from Vetëvendosje! and its parliamentary group on July 5, 2013[100][101] due to divergences with the leadership and what was described as "a flirt with radical Islam groups for the purpose of increasing its electorate".[102]

Chairperson

Other members of the Parliamentary Group

Name Political Party
Glauk Konjufca VV!
Albana Fetoshi VV!
Albulena Haxhiu VV!
Albin Kurti VV!
Afrim Kasolli VV!
Liburn Aliu (until 28 December 2013)
Faton Topalli (since 28 December 2013)[103] 		VV!
Rexhep Selimi VV!
Florin Krasniqi VV!
Afrim Hoti VV!
Albana Gashi VV!

New Members

Name Former Political Party Date of joining the P.G.
Lumnije Morina PDK 28-03-13
Emin Gërbeshi AKR 28-03-13

Former Members

Name Political Party Date of resignation from the P.G.
Alma Lama VV! (DLK as of Oct 2013[104][105]) 07-05-13
Aurora Bakalli LB 09-20-11
Agim Kuleta LB 09-20-11

See also

Notes and references

Notes:

a. ^ Template:Kosovo-note

References:

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  3. ^ Krasniqi-Veseli, Luljeta (07.01.2010), Ndikimi i politikës në ekonomi (Influence of politics over economy), Radio Evropa e Lirë {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ^ Visoka, Gëzim (2013), Political Obligations in Kosovo (PDF), Prishtina Institute for Political Studies, p. 39, retrieved 7 October 13, Responding to the citizen activism gap created by the passive citizenry and donor-oriented civil society groups, and rejecting the international governance and its local counterparts, a new social movement emerged in Kosovo in 2004, which put in forefront the necessity for ethical and accountable politics, local autonomy from the external rule, and nationalist discourse for popular self-determination as manifestation of direct democracy. Since 2004 Lëvizja Vetëvendosje acted as a social movement and led protests against UN administration in Kosovo, final status negotiations, the independence settlement plan, decentralization process, the post-independence political dialogue with Serbia, and the privatization of socially owned enterprises in Kosovo. {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. ^ Krasniqi, Albert; Shala, Krenar (June 2012), Ardian Arifaj (ed.), Strengthening the statehood of Kosovo through the democratization of political parties (PDF), Prishtina: Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development, p. 12, retrieved 7 October 2013, The study of statutes indicates that the one of LVV is the most advanced if we consider the restriction of mandates, and the application of direct democracy in making important decisions.
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  79. ^ Demolli: Nuk pashë fërkim fizik të VV-së me Jacobson(Demolli: I saw no physical contact between VV! and Jacobson) (in Albanian), Koha TV, 02.07.2013 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  80. ^ Demolli: Nuk pashë fërkim fizik të VV-së me Jacobson(Demolli: I saw no physical contact between VV! and Jacobson) (in Albanian), Telegrafi.com, 02.07.2013 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  81. ^ a b Embassy of the US - Pristina, Kosovo (June 27, 2013), Statement from U.S. Embassy, June 27, 2013, Embassy of the US - Pristina, Kosovo
  82. ^ Kosovo Council of Ministers (2013-06-27), KOMUNIKATË PËR MEDIA E QEVERISË SË REPUBLIKËS SË KOSOVËS (PRESS RELEASE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO) (in Albanian), Kosovo Prime Minister Office
  83. ^ President of the Republic of Kosovo (27 June 2013), President Jahjaga condemns the attack on the US Ambassador, Tracey Ann Jacobson, Kosovo President Office
  84. ^ Ramadani, Burim (31 May 2013). Deputeti i AAK-së, Burim Ramadani, në Zona B (AFK representative, Burim Ramadani, in "Zone B") (in Albanian). Alliance for the Future of Kosovo.
  85. ^ 'Mesazhi' Portal (28 Qershor 2013), Mustafa dënon veprimin e djeshëm të VV-së (Mustafa condemns yesterday's action of VV!) (in Albanian), 'Mesazhi' Portal {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  86. ^ Koha Ditore (2013-06-28), Edhe shoqëria civile kritikon VV-në për veprime jodemokratike (Civil society criticizes VV! for non-democratic actions) (in Albanian), koha.net
  87. ^ Walker: Vetëvendosje gaboi rëndë kur pengoi Ambasadoren amerikane (Walker: It was a big mistake from VV! side to stop the US Ambassador) (in Albanian), Bota Sot, 12.09.2013, retrieved 2013-09-13 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  88. ^ DASH thërret ambasadorin kosovar (US State Department calls in the Ambassador of Kosovo) (in Albanian), Top-Channel, 2013-06-28
  89. ^ Aliu, L. (30 June 2013), Alma i kërkon falje Ambasadores, jo Vetëvendosja (Alma apologizes to the ambassador, not VV!) (in Albanian), Gazeta Express
  90. ^ VV u kërkon falje ambasadorëve (VV! apologizes to the ambassadors) (in Albanian), Gazeta Zeri, 01.07.2013 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  91. ^ Ahmeti: Më e keqja është marrëveshja, jo lëndimi i ambasadores (Ahmeti: The worst thing is the agreement, not the Ambassador injury) (in Albanian), Fishmedia.info, 2013-06-29
  92. ^ Riker sulmon ashpër Vetëvendosjen: Janë palaço (Reeker throws a fierce attack on VV!: They are clowns) (in Albanian), Gazeta Tema, 5 July 2013
  93. ^ Zyrtari amerikan, Filip Riker, vizitoi Kosovën: Vetëvendosja, palaço!(The U.S. official, Philip Reeker, visited Kosovo: VV!, Clowns!) (in Albanian), Gazeta Panorama, 6 July 2013
  94. ^ RIKER QUANË PALAÇO VETËVENDOSJEN (Reeker calls VV! 'clowns') (YouTube video) (in Albanian), Koha Tv Tetovo, 5 Jul 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |people= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  95. ^ Gjuha e Reeker, e padrejtë dhe jodemokratike (Reeker's language, unfair and non-democratic) (in Albanian), Reporteri, 05.07.2013 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  96. ^ "Vetëvendosje!" do të ankohet për Philip Reeker te John Kerry (VV! will complain to John Kerry about Philip Reeker) (in Albanian), Shqiptarja.com, 6 July 2013
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  101. ^ Alma Lama konfirmon largimin nga VV (Lama confirms leaving VV) (in Albanian), Koha TV, 05.07.2013 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  102. ^ Hoxha, Kreshnik (July 22, 2013), The Dichotomy of Vetëvendosje, Balkan Insight
  103. ^ "Faton Topalli zë vendin e Liburn Aliut" (in Albanian). Gazeta Tribuna. 2013-12-28. Retrieved 2014-2-19. Liburn Aliu, i cili dje është emëruar edhe zyrtarisht Drejtor i Urbanizmit në Komunën e Prishtinës, nuk do të ulet më në karrigen e deputetit...
    Por, vendin e tij, sipas gjitha gjasave do ta zë, Faton Topalli, pasi që sipas renditjes së votave të Lëvizjes Vetëvendosje, ai renditet i 10-ti, me mbi 5 mijë vota të fituara në zgjedhjet e fundit parlamentare.     {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  104. ^ Tinka Kurti (28-10-13), Self Determination MP now ranked beside Democratic League of Kosovo, Independent Balkan News Agency, retrieved 25-11-13 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  105. ^ Alma Lama i bashkohet LDK-së (in Albanian), Albeu.com, 27-10-13, retrieved 25-11-13 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
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