White-tipped dove

White-tipped Dove
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Columbiformes
Family:	Columbidae
Genus:	Leptotila
Species:	L. verreauxi
Binomial name
Leptotila verreauxi (Bonaparte, 1855)

The white-tipped dove (Leptotila verreauxi) is a large New World tropical dove. Its scientific name commemorates the French naturalists Jules and Edouard Verreaux.

Distribution and habitat

The dove is a resident breeder from southernmost Texas in the USA through Mexico and Central America south to western Peru and central Argentina. It also breeds on the offshore islands of northern South America, including Trinidad and Tobago and the Netherlands Antilles. It inhabits scrub, woodland and forest.

Subspecies

Numerous subspecies exist; some of the more widespread are:

• L. v. verreauxi – Bonaparte, 1855: the nominate taxon, found from Nicaragua to Venezuela
• L. v. angelica – Bangs & Penard, TE, 1922: found from Texas and coastal Mexico
• L. v. decolor – Salvin, 1895: found west of the Andes from Colombia to northern Peru
• L. v. brasiliensis – (Bonaparte, 1856): found in most of the Amazon north of the Amazon River
• L. v. decipiens – (Salvadori, 1871): found in much of central South America

Description

The dove is about 28 cm (11 in) long and weighs 155 g (5.5 oz). Adult birds of most races have a grey tinge from the crown to the nape, a pale grey or whitish forehead and a whitish throat. The eye-ring is typically red in most of its range, but blue in most of the Amazon and northern South America. The upperparts and wings are grey-brown, and the underparts are whitish shading to pinkish, dull grey or buff on the chest. The underwing coverts are rufous. The tail is broadly tipped with white, but this is best visible from below or in flight. The bill is black, the legs are red and the iris is yellow.

The white-tipped dove resembles the closely related grey-fronted dove (Leptotila rufaxilla), which prefers humid forest habitats. The best distinctions are the greyer forehead and crown, which contrast less with the hindcrown than in the grey-fronted dove. In the area of overlap, the white-tipped dove usually has a blue (not red) eye-ring, but this is not reliable in some parts of Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, where it typically is red in both species.

Behaviour

White-tipped dove

The white-tipped dove is usually seen singly or in pairs, and is rather wary. Its flight is fast and direct, with the regular beats and clattering of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general. The call is a deep hollow ooo-wooooo.

Breeding

It builds a large stick nest in a tree and lays two white eggs. Incubation is about 14 days, and fledging another 15.

Feeding

The food is mainly seeds obtained by foraging on the ground, but it will also take insects, including butterflies and moths.

References

• ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton; Eckelberry, Don R. (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
• Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.

External links

• "White-tipped dove media". Internet Bird Collection.
• Stamps for Argentina, Belize and Netherlands Antilles with Range Map at bird-stamps.org
• White-tipped dove photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
• White-tipped dove species account at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
• Interactive range map of Leptotila verreauxi at IUCN Red List maps