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Yun Chi-ho

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Template:Korean name

Yun Chi-ho
윤치호
尹致昊
Yun Chi-ho is standing in the rear. His father, Yun Ung-nyeol is seated, wearing the western uniform of the Korean Empire. This photograph captures the general with his family c. 1910.
Born(1865-01-16)16 January 1865
Died9 December 1945(1945-12-09) (aged 80) (suicide)
Yun Chi-ho
Hangul
윤치호
Hanja
Revised RomanizationYun Chi-ho
McCune–ReischauerYun Ch'iho
Art name
Hangul
좌옹
Hanja
Revised RomanizationJwaong
McCune–ReischauerChwaong
Japanese name:
Itō Chikō (伊東致昊)

Yun Chi-ho (hangul:윤치호, hanja:尹致昊, 1864 – 1945) was a Korean politician and educator as well as an independence activist in Korea in the early 20th century. a pseudonum was Jwa-ong([1] 좌옹, 佐翁). a member of Korean early NGO's Dokliphyuphwae and Manmingongdonghwae, Shinminhwae.

Yun Chi-ho was a member of one of the prominent yangban families of Korea.[2] Son of General Yun Ung-nyeol, who served as a minister in the Joseon government.[3] he attended Vanderbilt University in Tennessee[2] before transferring to Emory University in Georgia.[4] He was also an early leader of the Korean YMCA and a South Korean Methodist.

Biography

Early life

Yun Chi-ho as a student at Emory University (1892).

Yun Chi-ho was the eldest son of Yun Ung-nyeol (윤웅렬) and Lady Yi Cheong-mu (이정무) of the Jeonju Yi clan. He was born in 1864 in Dunpo, Asan County, South Chungcheong Province.[2] Though his father was a skilled general, as an illegitimate son he was ignored by his colleagues, something the young Yun Chi-ho grew up witnessing. After his father was implicated in the abortive Gapsin Coup attempt of 1884, Yun Chiho saw himself cut off from opportunities in his native land. He studied for awhile in Korea and China - and was converted to Christianity by Western missionaries - before eventually gaining entrance through missionary help first to Vanderbilt and then to Emory University in Georgia, USA. Upon completing his education at Emory in 1893, Yun headed back to Korea via Chicago, where he visited the World's Columbian Exhibition, or Chicago World's Fair.

Enlightenment and Independence Movements

After becoming a member of the Dongnip hyeophoe (독립협회, 獨立協會) and the Manmin gongdonghoe (만민공동회, 萬民共同會), he became active in movements for political rights and democracy.

Yun Chi-ho went on to hold several posts in the government of Joseon Korea, including Minister of Education. He became Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1904.[4] He was a prominent figure, serving as legislator, governor and Privy Councillor.[2] in 1906, he was open to Hanyoung School(한영서원;韓英書院), later he was devote oneself to engage in education and society enlightenments. he was share in the independence movement and anti-Japanese. 1909 he was participation to Shinminhwae(신민회, 新民會).

When the Korean Empire was over-run by Japanese military forces in 1910 (see Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910), Yun Chi-ho joined with others in resisting Japanese occupation. He became an anti-Imperialist speaker and independence activist.[3] In 1913, along with 104 others, he was charged with conspiracy against the Japanese Governor-General at the time, Count Terauchi. He was one of six who were convicted and sentenced to long prison terms.[2] His experiences in prison tempered his willingness to express his nationalist ardor,[3] but he was still considered active in the independence movement.[5]

In 1915, however, he turned away from Korean independence activism to become a pro-Japanese activist.[6] After changing his allegiance to pro-Japanese, he joined many pro-Japanese associations, such as Toyohoe, Joseon-in Gyopungwon and Joseon-chikseon Gwijokwon-gyeong. Contemporary sources indicate that he either claimed or was granted the title of "Baron" within the Japanese hereditary peerage (see Kazoku), which had absorbed the Korean royal and noble rank system upon Korea's annexation by Japan in 1910.[7] In addition, he participated as an executive in Governor-General of Korea.[1] While many reasons are cited for his betrayal of the Korean independence movement (to include his dissatisfaction with his pro-independence compatriots and their apparent ease with the fraud, lack of sanitation, deceit, and hypocrisy that racked the independence movement), it is still not completely clear why such an ardent activist turned his back on the movement.

Death

In 1945, He was elected to the House of Councillors of Imperial Japan (貴族院議員).[8] However, Korea achieved independence from Japanese occupation by the Surrender of Japan, and he returned to Korea, and died in Kaesong. (It is alleged by some that he committed suicide, although there is no evidence to support this.)

Yun Chi-ho was the uncle of Yun Bo-seon, who was President of South Korea in 1960.

Honors

Book

His translations include Gulliver's Travels and Aesop's Fables. Yun was the first to introduce these works to Korea.

  • Yun Chi-ho's Diary
  • pocket book of English language grammar(hangul:영어문법첩경) : it's The first English language grammar and collection of English Dictionary's of Korea
  • Chanmiga
  • Humor Book : Humor collections Korea

Family

He was father Yun Ung-ryeul, mother name was Lee Jung-mu (이정무).
His napiew was Yun Bo-Seon. He was half-brother Yun Chi-Wang and Yun Chi-Chang. their mother of Kim JeongSun (김정순). Yun Chi-Young was his younger cousin, son of Yun Young-ryeol (윤영렬).

gallery

  • Yun Chi-ho (1907)
    Yun Chi-ho (1907)
  • Yun Сhi-ho
    Yun Сhi-ho

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yun Chi-ho.

Notes

  1. ^ sit down is the old man
  2. ^ a b c d e "100 Koreans Freed; But Baron Yun Chi-ho and Other Prominent Men Are Found Guilty," New York Times. March 21, 1913.
  3. ^ a b c "Changing Sides," National Geographic. July 2003.
  4. ^ a b c Loftus, Mary J. "A Search for Truth; Yun Chi-Ho's Legacy is Rediscovered by his Great-granddaughter," Emory Magazine, Vol 80, No. 1, Spring 2004).
  5. ^ Chung, Henry. (1921). The Case of Korea, p. 42.
  6. ^ Template:Ko icon 일제 친일반민족행위자 708명 명단, 2002-02-28
  7. ^ ""Korean Plotters in Harbin: Conspiracy to Kill Katsura Said to Have Been Unearthed." July 21, 1912". New York Times. 1912-07-21. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
  8. ^ Template:Ko icon Yun Chi-ho, Naver Encyclopedia

References

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
  • Bishop, Donald M. "A Korean at Oxford." The Emory Magazine, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1976.
  • Caprio, Mark (2007). "Loyal Patriot? Traitorous Collaborator? The Yun Ch'iho Diaries and the Question of National Loyalty." Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, Volume 7, Number 3.
  • Chung, Henry. (1921). The Case of Korea; a Collection of Evidence on the Japanese Domination of Korea, and on the Development of the Korea Independence Movement. London: G. Allen & Unwin. OCLC 13718826
  • Garrison, Webb. "Indomitable Baron Yun: An Emory Immortal," Emory University Quarterly, December 1952.
  • Loftus, Mary J. "A Search for Truth; Yun Chi-Ho's Legacy is Rediscovered by his Great-granddaughter," Emory Magazine, Vol 80, No. 1, Spring 2004).
  • Wells, Kenneth M. (1991). New God, New nation: Protestants and Self-Reconstruction Nationalism in Korea, 1896-1937. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 10-ISABN 0824813383/13-ISBN 9780824813383; OCLC 216760168

External links

Template:Persondata

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