Sistrurus

Sistrurus
	Pygmy rattlesnake (S. miliarius).
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Subfamily:	Crotalinae
Genus:	Sistrurus; Garman, 1884
	Distribution (using two-species model)
Synonyms
	Crotalophorus Gray, 1825; Caudisona Fitzinger, 1826; Sistrurus Garman, 1884;

Common names: ground rattlesnakes, pygmy rattlesnakes, massasaugas^[2]

Sistrurus is a genus of pit vipers in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The genus is endemic to Canada, the United States, and Mexico.^[1] Its generic name is a Latinized form of the Greek word for "tail rattler" (Σείστρουρος, seistrouros) and shares its root with the ancient Egyptian musical instrument, the sistrum, a type of rattle.^{[citation needed]} Three species are currently recognized.^[3]

Description

Sistrurus species differ from the larger rattlesnakes of the genus Crotalus in a number of ways. They are smaller in size, but also their scalation is different: Sistrurus species have nine large head plates (same as Agkistrodon), whereas in Crotalus (and almost all other viperids), the head is mostly covered with a large number of smaller scales. Sistrurus species have a relatively small rattle that produces more of a high-pitched, buzzing sound than does a larger rattle, like that of Crotalus.

Geographic range

Species of Sistrurus are found in Canada, the Western, Southern, and Midwestern United States, and isolated populations in southern and eastern Mexico.^[1]

Venom

Although bites from Sistrurus species are regarded as less dangerous to humans than those from Crotalus rattlesnakes, primarily due to their lower venom yield, every venomous snake bite should be considered serious, and prompt medical treatment should always be sought.^{[citation needed]}

Species

Species^[3]	Taxon author^[3]	Subsp.^[3]	Common name	Geographic range^[1]
S. catenatus	(Rafinesque, 1818)	-	eastern massasauga	It is found in the Great Lakes region from southeastern Ontario (Canada) and central and western New York west to Iowa. It occurs in various habitats ranging from swamps and marshes to grasslands, usually below 1,500 m (4,900 ft) altitude.
S. miliarius ^T	(Linnaeus, 1766)	3	pygmy rattlesnake	In the Southeastern United States from eastern and southern North Carolina southward through peninsular Florida and westward to Oklahoma and East Texas. It occurs in flatwoods, sandhills, mixed forests, and floodplains, and around marshes and lakes.
S. tergeminus	(Say, 1823)	2	western massasauga	Found throughout the Great Plains and southwestern states (from Kansas to Arizona) into disjunct populations in Mexico (Tamaulipas, southern Nuevo León, north-central Coahuila, and Samalayuca, Chihuahua). It inhabits grasslands, rocky hillsides, and woodland edges.

^T) Type species.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). ISBN 0-8014-0463-0. (Sistrurus, pp. 1040-1061).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Sistrurus ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 November 2006.

External links

Sistrurus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 5 December 2007.

[McD99-1] McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).

[2] Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). ISBN 0-8014-0463-0. (Sistrurus, pp. 1040-1061).

[ITIS-3] "Sistrurus ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 November 2006.

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