SARS-CoV-2 in mink: Difference between revisions
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Both the the [[American mink]] and the [[European mink]] have shown high susceptibility and mortality to [[SARS-CoV-2]], since the earliest stages of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], first in mink farms across Europe, followed by mink farms in the United States. Mortality has been extremely high among mink, with 35–55% of infected adult animals dying from [[COVID-19]]. |
Both the the [[American mink]] and the [[European mink]] have shown high susceptibility and mortality to [[SARS-CoV-2]], since the earliest stages of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], first in mink farms across Europe, followed by mink farms in the United States. Mortality has been extremely high among mink, with 35–55% of infected adult animals dying from [[COVID-19]].<ref name="Frontiers Spread">{{cite journal |last1=Devaux |first1=Christian |last2=Pinault |first2=Lucile |last3=Delerce |first3=Jérémy |last4=Raoult |first4=Didier |last5=Levasseur |first5=Anthony |last6=Frutos |first6=Roger |title=Spread of Mink SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Humans: A Model of Sarbecovirus Interspecies Evolution |journal=Frontiers in Microbiology |date=20 September 2021 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2021.675528 |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.675528/full |access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref> |
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In November 2020, in [[Denmark]], it was announced that all [[mink]] nationwide were being slaughtered due to reports that [[Cluster 5|a mutated {{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}} virus]] was being passed from mink to humans via [[mink farm]]s, and that at least 12 human infections had been discovered in [[Northern Jutland]]. While the [[State Serum Institute]] (SSI, {{Lang|da|Statens Serum Institut}}) suggested that this mutation was no more dangerous than other coronaviruses, SSI head Kåre Mølbak warned that the mutation could impact the development and effectiveness of [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last=Gorman|first=James|date=2020-11-04|title=Denmark Will Kill All Farmed Mink, Citing Coronavirus Infections|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/04/health/covid-mink-mutation.html|access-date=2020-11-06|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209234533/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/04/health/covid-mink-mutation.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name= "ssi">{{cite web|author=Grove Krause, Tyra|title=Mutationer i minkvirus|url=https://www.ssi.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/2020/mutationer-i-minkvirus|access-date=6 November 2020|publisher=Statens Serum Institut|language=da|archive-date=7 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107225138/https://www.ssi.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/2020/mutationer-i-minkvirus|url-status=live}}</ref> |
In November 2020, in [[Denmark]], it was announced that all [[mink]] nationwide were being slaughtered due to reports that [[Cluster 5|a mutated {{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}} virus]] was being passed from mink to humans via [[mink farm]]s, and that at least 12 human infections had been discovered in [[Northern Jutland]]. While the [[State Serum Institute]] (SSI, {{Lang|da|Statens Serum Institut}}) suggested that this mutation was no more dangerous than other coronaviruses, SSI head Kåre Mølbak warned that the mutation could impact the development and effectiveness of [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last=Gorman|first=James|date=2020-11-04|title=Denmark Will Kill All Farmed Mink, Citing Coronavirus Infections|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/04/health/covid-mink-mutation.html|access-date=2020-11-06|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209234533/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/04/health/covid-mink-mutation.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name= "ssi">{{cite web|author=Grove Krause, Tyra|title=Mutationer i minkvirus|url=https://www.ssi.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/2020/mutationer-i-minkvirus|access-date=6 November 2020|publisher=Statens Serum Institut|language=da|archive-date=7 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107225138/https://www.ssi.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/2020/mutationer-i-minkvirus|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The first known transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among wild mink was reported in [[Utah]], which researchers believed was due to contact with infected captive mink rather than direct human-to-mink transmission.<ref name="Frontiers Spread"/> |
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==Transmission== |
==Transmission== |
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Revision as of 02:21, 18 April 2022
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Both the the American mink and the European mink have shown high susceptibility and mortality to SARS-CoV-2, since the earliest stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, first in mink farms across Europe, followed by mink farms in the United States. Mortality has been extremely high among mink, with 35–55% of infected adult animals dying from COVID-19.[1]
In November 2020, in Denmark, it was announced that all mink nationwide were being slaughtered due to reports that a mutated SARS-CoV-2 virus was being passed from mink to humans via mink farms, and that at least 12 human infections had been discovered in Northern Jutland. While the State Serum Institute (SSI, Statens Serum Institut) suggested that this mutation was no more dangerous than other coronaviruses, SSI head Kåre Mølbak warned that the mutation could impact the development and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.[2][3]
The first known transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among wild mink was reported in Utah, which researchers believed was due to contact with infected captive mink rather than direct human-to-mink transmission.[1]
Transmission
Due to the mink ACE2 receptor being a similar or better fit for SARS-CoV-2 compared to humans and the cramped living conditions of farm-raised animals, mink readily transmit SARS-CoV-2 to one another and develop symptoms of COVID-19.[4]
Mutations and Variants
A mink-human spillover event in Michigan, resulting in four human infections that were largely kept from public view upon their discovery late 2020, and only announced by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) several months later, were deemed ancestral to the Ontario WTD clade spillover event from white-tailed deer nearly a year later in Ontario, Canada.[5][6][7] The Michigan spillback into humans was the first documented case of any animal spillback in the United States.
See also
References
- ^ a b Devaux, Christian; Pinault, Lucile; Delerce, Jérémy; Raoult, Didier; Levasseur, Anthony; Frutos, Roger (20 September 2021). "Spread of Mink SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Humans: A Model of Sarbecovirus Interspecies Evolution". Frontiers in Microbiology. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.675528. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Gorman, James (2020-11-04). "Denmark Will Kill All Farmed Mink, Citing Coronavirus Infections". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
- ^ Grove Krause, Tyra. "Mutationer i minkvirus" (in Danish). Statens Serum Institut. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
- ^ Greenberg, Alissa (5 March 2021). "What's the deal with mink Covid?". PBS. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ^ Fine Maron, Dina (5 April 2022). "Government documents reveal CDC delayed disclosing likely COVID-19 animal spillover event". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ Miranda, Gabriela (3 March 2022). "New COVID variant found in deer shows signs of possible deer-to-human transmission". USA Today. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
- ^ Goodman, Brenda (2 March 2022). "A highly changed coronavirus variant was found in deer after nearly a year in hiding, researchers suggest". CNN. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
