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=== True lizards ([[Lacertidae]]) ===
=== True lizards ([[Lacertidae]]) ===
[[File:GallotiaStehlini.jpg|thumb|[[Gran Canaria giant lizard]] is the largest member of a family [[Lacertidae]], exceeding a length of {{cvt|80|cm}}]]
[[File:GallotiaStehlini.jpg|thumb|[[Gran Canaria giant lizard]] is the largest member of a family [[Lacertidae]], exceeding a length of {{cvt|80|cm}}]]
*This [[family (biology)|family]] includes 300 diverse species. Among the largest is [[Gran Canaria giant lizard]] (''Gallotia stehlini''), reaching a length of {{cvt|80|cm}},{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} with a SVL of {{cvt|26.5|cm}}{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} and a mass of almost {{cvt|1.7|kg}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eol.org/pages/794629|title=Gran Canaria Giant Lizard - Encyclopedia of Life|website=Eol.org|access-date=24 April 2022}}</ref> A subspecies the same genus - [[El Hierro giant lizard]] (''Gallotia simonyi machadoi''), perhaps also is are one of the largest [[Lacertidae|lacertid]], and able reach a length of {{cvt|60|cm}}.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} A [[Gallotia galloti|Tenerife lizard]] (''Gallotia galloti'') have a total length in {{cvt|44|cm}}{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} and a SVL of {{cvt|14.5|cm}}.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} Another large lizard in this genus are [[La Gomera giant lizard]] (''Gallotia brovoana''), reaching a length of almost {{cvt|50|cm}} and a SVL in {{cvt|19|cm}}<ref>Salvador, A. (2015). [http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/reptiles/galbra.html Lagarto gigante de La Gomera – Gallotia bravoana.] In: Virtual Encyclopedia of Spanish Vertebrates. Salvador, A., Marco, A. (Eds.). National Museum of National Sciences, Madrid.</ref>
*This [[family (biology)|family]] includes 300 diverse species. Among the largest is [[Gran Canaria giant lizard]] (''Gallotia stehlini''), reaching a length of {{cvt|80|cm}},{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} with a SVL of {{cvt|26.5|cm}}{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} and a mass of almost {{cvt|1.7|kg}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eol.org/pages/794629|title=Gran Canaria Giant Lizard - Encyclopedia of Life|website=Eol.org|access-date=24 April 2022}}</ref> A subspecies the same genus - [[El Hierro giant lizard]] (''Gallotia simonyi machadoi''), perhaps also is are one of the largest [[Lacertidae|lacertid]], and able reach a length of {{cvt|60|cm}}.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} A [[Gallotia galloti|Tenerife lizard]] (''Gallotia galloti'') have a total length in {{cvt|44|cm}}{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} and a SVL of {{cvt|14.5|cm}}.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Airam Rodríguez|first2=Manuel Nogales|last1=Beatriz Rumeu|last2=Beneharo Rodríguez|year=2008|publisher=Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles|title=Temporal and Spatial Variation in the Diet of the Endemic Lizard Gallotia galloti in an Insular Mediterranean Scrubland|volume=42|issue=2|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40060504}}</ref> Another large lizard in this genus are [[La Gomera giant lizard]] (''Gallotia brovoana''), reaching a length of almost {{cvt|50|cm}} and a SVL in {{cvt|19|cm}}<ref>Salvador, A. (2015). [http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/reptiles/galbra.html Lagarto gigante de La Gomera – Gallotia bravoana.] In: Virtual Encyclopedia of Spanish Vertebrates. Salvador, A., Marco, A. (Eds.). National Museum of National Sciences, Madrid.</ref>
*Estimated to reaching the [[snout-vent length]] of {{cvt|40-44|cm}} and a mass in {{cvt|5|kg}},<ref name="Mateo">J.A. Mateo, M. García-Márquez, L.F. López-Jurado, F Barahona (2001): Description of the giant lizard of La Palma (Canary Islands) from subfossil remains. Spanish Journal of Herpetology 15: 53–59.</ref> [[La Palma giant lizard]] (''Gallotia auaritae'') perhaps the largest living [[Lacertidae|lacertid]] outsized even [[Gran Canaria giant lizard]] (''Gallotia stehlini''). However, on the other hand, it is very little data to confirm this, and therefore the aforementioned [[Gran Canaria giant lizard]] is usually considered the largest representative of its family.
*Estimated to reaching the [[snout-vent length]] of {{cvt|40-44|cm}} and a mass in {{cvt|5|kg}},<ref name="Mateo">J.A. Mateo, M. García-Márquez, L.F. López-Jurado, F Barahona (2001): Description of the giant lizard of La Palma (Canary Islands) from subfossil remains. Spanish Journal of Herpetology 15: 53–59.</ref> [[La Palma giant lizard]] (''Gallotia auaritae'') perhaps the largest living [[Lacertidae|lacertid]] outsized even [[Gran Canaria giant lizard]] (''Gallotia stehlini''). However, on the other hand, it is very little data to confirm this, and therefore the aforementioned [[Gran Canaria giant lizard]] is usually considered the largest representative of its family.
*The longest member of this family is [[ocellated lizard]] (''Timon lepidus''), having a length of {{cvt|90|cm}},<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Timon&species=lepidus|title=Timon lepidus|website=Reptile-database.reptarium.cz}}</ref> with a SVL {{cvt|26|cm}}<ref>[https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/HER_28_1_2_0104-0106.pdf]. Edited by Wolfgang BöHME</ref> and a mass {{cvt|0.5|kg}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biotropics.com/englisch/html/timon_lepidus.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923190427/http://www.biotropics.com/englisch/html/timon_lepidus.html |archive-date=2015-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A representative the same genus, the [[Timon tangitanus|Moroccan eyed lizard]] (''Timon tangitanus'') can have a length of {{cvt|70|cm}},{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} and is are one of the longest members of the this family.
*The longest member of this family is [[ocellated lizard]] (''Timon lepidus''), having a length of {{cvt|90|cm}},<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Timon&species=lepidus|title=Timon lepidus|website=Reptile-database.reptarium.cz}}</ref> with a SVL {{cvt|26|cm}}<ref>[https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/HER_28_1_2_0104-0106.pdf]. Edited by Wolfgang BöHME</ref> and a mass {{cvt|0.5|kg}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biotropics.com/englisch/html/timon_lepidus.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923190427/http://www.biotropics.com/englisch/html/timon_lepidus.html |archive-date=2015-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A representative the same genus, the [[Timon tangitanus|Moroccan eyed lizard]] (''Timon tangitanus'') can have a length of {{cvt|70|cm}},{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} and is are one of the longest members of the this family.

Revision as of 05:45, 21 May 2022

The five largest extant lizards in the world

Currently there are about 27 extant families of Lacertilia. These vary considerably, e.g. in shades, colours, and sizes. For example, the largest representative among Geckos, New Caledonian giant gecko (Rhacodactylus leachianus), has length of up to 36 cm (14 in), while the largest species in the family Varanidae, Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), has length up to 3 metres (10 ft), and body mass 70 kg (154 lbs).

The largest extant lizards

Here are the 15 largest extant lizards based on the most reliable size, including length and weight. These include family types Varanidae and Iguanidae exceeding 9 kg (20 lbs) in mass.

Rank Common name Binomial name Family Maximum reliable or known mass
kg (lb) 		Maximum total length
m (ft) 		Image
1 Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis Varanidae 166 (366) in captivity[1]

81.5 (180) caught in the wild, excluding stomach contents Probably 100 (220) including stomach contents[2][1]

 3.13 (10.27) in captivity

3.04 (9.97) caught in the wild[2]
2 Asian water monitor Varanus salvator Varanidae 50 (110) not firmly verified. Probably 25 (55)[3] 3.21 (10.53)[3]
3 Crocodile monitor Varanus salvadorii Varanidae 20 (44.1)[1] 2.44 (8.01) [4]
4 Nile monitor Varanus niloticus Varanidae 20 (44.1) according to many sources 19 (41.9) the heaviest specimen.[5] Probably larger 2.43 (8.0) the longest specimen, the heaviest specimen measuring 213 cm in total length[6]
5 Perentie Varanus giganteus Varanidae 20 (44.1) according to many sources 17 (37.5) the heaviest specimen.[3][1][7] Probably larger 2.44 (8.0) the longest specimen, the heaviest specimen mesuring 193 cm in total length[1]
6 Black-throated monitor Varanus albigularis microsticus Varanidae 27 (60)[8] 2.1 (6.89)[9]
7 Lace monitor Varanus varius Varanidae 14 (30.87) more reliable[3] 20.5 (45.2), however, whether the measurements took into account the contents of the stomach in the form of four foxes, three small rabbits and three large blue-tongued skinks, is not specified.[10] 2.0 (6.55)[3][11] A lizard from Mallacoota, Victoria measured 75 cm SVL, 192 cm TL Another from Healesville was 198 cm long[10]
8 Blue iguana Cyclura lewisi Iguanidae 14 (30.87)[12][13][14] 1.5 (4.91)[12][13]
9 Galapagos land iguana Conolophus subcristatus Iguanidae 13 (28.66)[15][16] 1.5 (4.91)[15][16]
10 Marine iguana Amblyrhynchus cristatus Iguanidae 12 (26.46)[citation needed] 1.4 (4.59)[17][18]

11 Bengal monitor Varanus bengalensis Varanidae 10.2 (22) in capivity
7.2 (15.87) in the wild[19]		 1.75 (5.37)

12 Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor Varanus bitatawa Varanidae 10 (22.05)[citation needed] 2.0 (6.55)[citation needed]
13 Green iguana Iguana iguana Iguanidae 9.1 (20)[citation needed] 2.0 (6.55)[citation needed]

14 Gray's monitor Varanus olivaceus Varanidae 9 (19.84)[20][3] 1.76 (5.84)[21][20][3]
15 Rhinoceros iguana Cyclura cornuta Iguanidae 9 (19.84)[22] 1.22 (4.0).[23]
Probably 1.36 (4.46)

By families

Agamas (Agamidae)

Makassar salfin lizard is usually regarded as the largest representative of family Agamidae, reaching a length of 1.2 m (3.9 ft).[24]

Glass lizards (Anguidae)

Sheltopusik from Southern Europe to Central Asia, is the largest legless lizard, reaching a length of 1.2 m (3.9 ft)
  • Many representatives of this family are legless lizards. Among these the largest species, and also the largest legless lizard in the world, is the sheltopusik (Pseudopus apodus), reaching a maximum length of more 135 cm (4.43 ft) and a mass in 1.1 kg (2.4 lb).[35]
  • The eastern glass lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis) and slender glass lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus) may reach lengths of up to 108 cm (42.5 in)[36] and 107 cm (42 in)[37] respectively.
  • However, this family also has lizards with legs, among which the largest is the Texas alligator lizard (Gerrhonotus infernalis) growing to from 45.7 cm (18 in) till 64 cm (25.2 in)[38][39] in different sources.

Chameleons (Chamaeleonidae)

  • Of all chameleons, the largest is the Parson's chameleon (Calumma parsonii), reaching a length of 68 cm (27 in).[40][41] But the longest species is the Malagasy giant chameleon (Furcifer oustaleti). It has a length of up to 68.5 cm (27 in).[42]
  • Other large chameleons are the veiled chameleon (Chameleo calyptratus) and Meller's chameleon (Trioceros melleri), with lengths of up to 61 cm (24 in)[43][44] Exceptionally large specimens of the latter have reputedly reached over 76 cm (30 in) and mass 600 g (1.3 lb), although this is unlikely.[45]

Spinytail lizards (Cordylidae)

  • Many species in this family are small to medium-sized lizards that range in length from 6 to 30 cm (2.4 to 11.8 inches).[46] There are large species in the genus Smaug, the largest of which is a giant girdled lizard (Smaug giganteus), with snout-vent length up to 20.5 cm (8.07 in)[47] and total length up to roughly 40 cm (15.74 in).[48]

Casquehead lizards (Corytophanidae)

Basilisks are quite large lizards, especially the plumed basilisk
  • Casquehead lizards are quite large lizards. In particular, the genus Basiliscus typically measures 70–75 cm (28–30 in).[49][50][51] But the largest species in this group is the plumed basilisk (Basiliscus plumifrons), frequently growing to 91 cm (36 in).[52][53]
  • Another large species in this group is the eastern casquehead iguana (Laemanctus longipes) reaching up to 70 cm (27.6 in) including its long, thin tail.

Collared lizards (Crotaphytidae)

Anoles (Dactyloidae)

The knight anole is the largest anole, over half a meter in length

Geckos (Gekkota)

The New Caledonian giant gecko is the largest gecko, weighing up to almost 300 g (10.5 oz)

Plated lizards (Gerrhosauridae)

  • The largest species in this family is the giant plated lizard (Matobosaurus validus), with a total length of up to 69 cm (27 in)[88][89] or even 75 cm (29.5 in),[90] with a snout-vent length (SVL) of 28 cm (11 in).[88] Another large plated lizard is the Sudan plated lizard (Broadleysaurus major), with a length of about 51-60 cm (20-24 in).[91]

Beaded lizards and Gila monster (Helodermatidae)

The Mexican beaded lizard is the largest species in family Helodermatidae, reaching a length of up to 91 cm (36 in)
  • This family includes large and stocky lizards, including the infamous Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum), which reaches a total length up to 60 cm (24 in)[citation needed] with a snout-vent length (SVL) of 36 cm (14.1 in)[11] and a body mass from 1 (2.2 Ib)[11] to 2.2 kg (4.85 Ib)[citation needed] depending on the source. But despite the stocky and massive body of this lizard, it is not the largest representative of the family. Greatly exceeding it in size are the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) and Rio Fuerte beaded lizard (Heloderma exasperatum), with a total length of up to 91 cm (36 in),[citation needed] a SVL of up to 47 cm (18.5 )[11] and a mass from 2 (4.4 Ib)[11] to 4 kg (8.8 Ib)[92][93] depending on the source.

Iguanas (Iguanidae)

The blue iguana is the heaviest iguanid and one of the largest extant lizards
  • Iguanas are very large lizards, some of which can reach lengths of up to 2 m (6.6 ft) and mass more than 10 kg (22.05 Ib). They are the largest lizards after some large species of monitor lizards, and the largest lizards in the New World. Iguanas vary considerably in size and form, but even the smallest lizards in this family are still quite large. For example, the desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) can reach a length of up to 61 cm (24 in).[94] The largest species of the genus Sauromalus is the San Esteban chuckwalla (Sauromalus varius), up to 76 cm (27 in) long and 1.4 kg (3 Ib) in weight,[95] while the second-largest is the Angel Island chuckwalla (Sauromalus hispidus), up to 64 cm (25.2 in) long.[95]
  • Many sources describe the green iguana (Iguana iguana) as the largest iguanid, often reaching lengths up to 1.5 metres (4.91 ft) and masses of 4 kg (8.8 Ib),[96] and with a maximum length of 2 m (6.6 ft) and a mass of 8 kg (17.6 Ib)[citation needed] and in some cases even 9.1 kg (20 Ib).[citation needed] However, the heaviest species in this family is the blue iguana (Cyclura lewisi), with a total length of up to 1.5 m (4.91 ft), a SVL of 51–76 cm (30 in) and a mass of up to 14 kg (30.87 Ib)[12][13] It is the eighth-heaviest and largest extant lizard.[14]
The Galapagos land iguana is a very massive lizard weighing more than 10 kg and is one of the largest extant lizards

True lizards (Lacertidae)

Gran Canaria giant lizard is the largest member of a family Lacertidae, exceeding a length of 80 cm (31 in)

Earless monitors lizards (Lanthanotidae)

  • Only living species this family - earless monitor lizard (Lanthanotus borneensis) typically have a snout-vent length (SVL) of about 20 cm (8 in),[118] and a total length of about 40 cm (16 in).[119] The longest recorded in the wild had length in 44.1 cm (17.4 in).[120] A specimen collected in the 1960s had a total length of 51 cm (20 in),[121] and near the time of its death an individual kept at the Bronx Zoo from 1968 to 1976 had a total length of 47 cm (18.5 in) and weighed 209 g (7.4 oz), but it was highly obese.[122]

Skinks (Scincidae)

The Solomon Islands skink - largest skink reaching the length of 81 cm (32 in)

The largest extinct lizards

Geckos (Gekkota)
Kawekaweau is the largest among of all known geckos
  • A extinct member of family Diplodactylidae, Kawekaweau or Delcourt's giant gecko (Hoplodactylus delcourti), the largest gecko of all time. It had a snout-vent length of 37 cm (14.6 in), a total length of 60 cm (23.6 in).[162] and a mass of 896.98 g (1.98 Ibs)[163] The modern representative of same genus is Duvaucel's gecko (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) also has a large sizes (see higher)
  • Some members of genus Phelsuma are one of the largest extant geckos (see higher). Although, in the past, day geckos were even more larger. For example, the Rodrigues day gecko (Phelsuma edwardnewtoni) had total length up to 23 cm (9.1 in). The Rodrigues giant day gecko (Phelsuma gigas) was the largest day gecko and second-largest of all geckos (after the kawekaweau), with a length of up to 40 cm (15.74 in) and possibly even 44 cm (17.3 in),[citation needed] and body mass 193.43 g (6.8 oz).[164]
Iguanas (Iguanidae)
True lizards (Lacertidae)
Skinks (Scincidae)
File:Leiolopisma mauritiana - memorial model - Ile aux Aigrettes.jpg
The Mauritian giant skink is the largest known skink ever lived in the world
  • The Cape Verde giant skink (Chioninia coctei) was very large skink[86] and outgrowed in snout-vent length of 32 cm (13 in)[166] and 56.5 cm (22.2 in) in a total length.[167]
  • Another very large extinct skink is Mauritian giant skink (Leiolopisma mauritiana) which is the largest skink ever lived and growed the snout-vent length of 34 cm (13 in)[160] with a total length in 68 cm (27 in), according to some information even up to 80 cm (31 in)[168]

See also

References

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