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'''Ima |
The '''Ima Market''' ({{lang-mni|Ima Keithel}}; literally, Mothers' Market), also known as the '''Nupi Keithel''' ({{lang-en|Women's Market}}) or the '''Khwairamband Keithel''' ({{lang-en|Khwairamband Market}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_ypgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA248&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0l4GYp5fzAhX74jgGHaLhDYE4ChDoAXoECAoQAw#v=snippet&q=ima%20keithel%20markets%20khwairamband%20three&f=false|title=Development and Disaster Management: A Study of the Northeastern States of India|last=Singh|first=Amita|last2=Punia|first2=Milap|last3=Haran|first3=Nivedita P.|last4=Singh|first4=Thiyam Bharat|date=2018-06-15|isbn=978-981-10-8485-0|language=en}}</ref>), is a market in the middle of [[Imphal]] in the Indian state of [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=India's Mother's Market run by women|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-04|title=Manipur’s historic women’s only market damaged in earthquake|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manipur-s-historic-women-s-only-market-damaged-earthquake-37306|access-date=2021-09-24|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> It is the only market in the world run entirely by women.<ref>{{Cite news|title=India's Mother's Market run by women|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eENU_a8c79MC&pg=PA974&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG3bnvrpfzAhVDjeYKHRZQCUk4UBDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20khwairamband%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh|last=Gupta|first=Om|date=2006|isbn=978-81-8205-389-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vjzcDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT37&dq=ima+market+nupi+keithel&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjaxPvFr5fzAhWjjuYKHV8rBMkQ6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&q=ima%20market%20nupi%20keithel%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=Vyapar Shastra|last=Shivhare|first=Vishal|date=2016-08-17|isbn=978-81-8495-898-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_76qlrpfzAhXs73MBHd92Cnc4PBDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20only%20women%20world&f=false|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-04|title=Manipur’s historic women’s only market damaged in earthquake|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manipur-s-historic-women-s-only-market-damaged-earthquake-37306|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t8W-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PP123&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz8s2FqpfzAhWnyzgGHQnmAhQ4FBDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20women%20exclusively&f=false|title=AN INQUIRY INTO VIGILANCE AND CORRUPTION|last=Sahu (IAS)|first=Barun Kumar|date=2020-01-01|isbn=978-93-5322-856-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=j1mnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT108&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt6JP6q5fzAhWg8HMBHcw_BTw4HhDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=ima%20keithel%20market%20exclusively%20run%20women&f=false|title=Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants|last=Patra|first=Jayanta Kumar|last2=Das|first2=Gitishree|last3=Kumar|first3=Sanjeet|last4=Thatoi|first4=Hrudayanath|date=2019-08-05|isbn=978-0-429-67537-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lblDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT100&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0l4GYp5fzAhX74jgGHaLhDYE4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#v=snippet&q=ima%20keithel%20%20all%20vendors%20women&f=false|title=Backpacking North East India: A Curious Journey|last=Deshpande|first=Abhijeet|date=2017-12-19|isbn=978-1-946556-80-6|language=en}}</ref> Inside the market, male shopkeepers and vendors are not allowed to sell anything.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mdmYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT92&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt6JP6q5fzAhWg8HMBHcw_BTw4HhDoAXoECAYQAw#v=snippet&q=ima%20keithel%20mother's%20market%20male%20members%20punishable%20offence&f=false|title=Early Sunrise, Early Sunset: Tales of a Solo Woman Traveler Across North East and East India|last=Rastogi|first=Priyanka|date=2019-05-13|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1-5437-0523-2|language=en}}</ref> The [[Manipur Government]] has announced that the male shopkeepers and vendors will be punished if their shops and vendors are found inside the market.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mdmYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT92&dq=ima+keithel+market&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt6JP6q5fzAhWg8HMBHcw_BTw4HhDoAXoECAYQAw#v=snippet&q=ima%20keithel%20mother's%20market%20male%20members%20punishable%20offence&f=false|title=Early Sunrise, Early Sunset: Tales of a Solo Woman Traveler Across North East and East India|last=Rastogi|first=Priyanka|date=2019-05-13|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1-5437-0523-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952/mother-s-market-the-indian-bazaar-run-entirely-by-women|title=India's Mother's Market run by women|last=|first=|date=19 May 2015|website=[[BBC News]]|language=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071432/http://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952/mother-s-market-the-indian-bazaar-run-entirely-by-women|archive-date=21 January 2018|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manipur%E2%80%99s-historic-women%E2%80%99s-only-market-damaged-earthquake-37306|title=Manipur’s historic women’s only market damaged in earthquake|last=|first=|date=4 January 2016|website=[[The News Minute]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> It is a commercial center and a popular tourist attraction in the state of [[Manipur]].<ref name=":2" /> It has shifted its location within the city of Imphal over the years and is currently located in Khawairaband Bazaar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/ima-keithal-women-s-market-in-imphal-001889.html|title=Ima Keithal : World's Only Women's Market|last=Vinayak|first=Akshatha|date=14 May 2018|website=Native Planet|language=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721033629/http://www.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/ima-keithal-women-s-market-in-imphal-001889.html|archive-date=21 July 2016|access-date=}}</ref> It was established in the 16th century and hosts around 5,000–6,000 women [[vendor]]s who sell a variety of products.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredible-india-v2/en/destinations/imphal/ima-keithel--ima-market--khwairamband-bazar.html|title=Incredible India {{!}} Ima Keithel/ Ima Market/ Khwairamband Bazar|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Incredible India]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/801410/the-earthquake-has-damaged-a-nerve-centre-of-life-in-manipur-the-ima-keithel-or-mothers-market|title=The earthquake has damaged a nerve centre of life in Manipur: the Ima Keithel or Mother's Market|last=Chakravarty|first=Ipsita|date=6 January 2016|website=[[Scroll.in]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> Products such as vegetables, fruits, textiles, toys, fish, spices and utensils are available in the market.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/ima-keithel-asias-largest-all-womens-market/|title=Ima Keithel: Asia's Largest All Women's Market|last=Binayak|first=Poonam|date=5 January 2018|website=Culture Trip|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> It is the largest all–women market in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur/3-storey-market-building-coming-up-at-pureiromba-keithel-in-imphal.html|title=3-storey market building coming up at Pureiromba Keithel in Imphal|last=|first=|date=30 December 2019|website=Northeast Now|language=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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Revision as of 11:01, 20 July 2022
Ima Keithel | |
|---|---|
Neighbourhood | |
 Street view of Ima Market | |
  Ima Keithel Location in Manipur, India  Ima Keithel Ima Keithel (India) | |
| Coordinates: 24°48′29″N 93°56′06″E / 24.808°N 93.935°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Manipur |
| District | Imphal West |
| Languages | |
| • Colloquial | Meitei |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | |
| Management | Ima Keitel Union |
The Ima Market (Meitei: Ima Keithel; literally, Mothers' Market), also known as the Nupi Keithel (English: Women's Market) or the Khwairamband Keithel (English: Khwairamband Market[1]), is a market in the middle of Imphal in the Indian state of Manipur.[2][3] It is the only market in the world run entirely by women.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Inside the market, male shopkeepers and vendors are not allowed to sell anything.[12] The Manipur Government has announced that the male shopkeepers and vendors will be punished if their shops and vendors are found inside the market.[13][14][15] It is a commercial center and a popular tourist attraction in the state of Manipur.[16] It has shifted its location within the city of Imphal over the years and is currently located in Khawairaband Bazaar.[17] It was established in the 16th century and hosts around 5,000–6,000 women vendors who sell a variety of products.[16][18] Products such as vegetables, fruits, textiles, toys, fish, spices and utensils are available in the market.[19] It is the largest all–women market in Asia.[20]
History
The market was established in the 16th century following the imposition of the labour system, lallup-kaba in 1533 CE. The lallup-kaba was a forced labour system in Manipur which required male members of the Meitei community to work in distant lands or to serve in the army. As a consequence of the system, women had to support their households by cultivating their fields or weaving textiles and then selling the products on improvised markets. The improvised markets led to the formation of the organized Ima Keithel.[19] The Ima Keithel was the primary permanent market in Manipur until the 20th century.
In 1891, the British colonial administration attempted to impose economic and political reform in Manipur which disrupted the functioning of the market.[19] The reforms involved large scale seizure and export of food corps from Manipur without consideration for local requirements which caused starvation at times of Mautam.[21] It led to agitations by the women of the Ima Keithel and in response, the British attempted to sell off the assets and properties of Ima Keithel to foreigners and external buyers. This among other causes resulted in the Nupi Lan or the women's war, which eventually seized with the Japanese invasion of India.[22]
Following independence, the market regained prominence as a commercial center and a hub of socio-political discussions.[19][22] In 2010, the market was moved into the Khawairamband Bazaar complex constructed by the Municipal Corporation of Imphal.[23] The complex had sustained damaged in the 2016 Imphal earthquake which effected the livelihood of around 800 vendors.[24]
Market
The Ima Keithel is located in the Khawairamband Bazaar, a complex reconstructed on the site of Purana Bazaar in central Imphal. It is located west of Kangla Fort and on the Bir Tikendrajit Road in the Thangal Bazar locality.[25] The complex consists of three large buildings with pagodas and colonnades.[26] The market is split into two sections on either side of the road.[27] Two buildings are located to the north of the main road and one to the south. The buildings are segregated into textile housing sections and household groceries sections. There is also a section of stalls under a large tin and tarp arrangement market to the east of the main buildings.[26] In order to set up stalls in the main buildings of the market, an annual municipal fees is levied. The fee of a 16 square feet (1.5 m2) stall was ₹140,000 per annum at the time of construction in 2010.[28][29] There is a licensing system in place for vendors with stalls.[30] The market houses around 5000–6000 women vendors at any given day.[18] As of 2017, the vendors at the market make an annual profit between ₹73,000 and ₹200,000. The annual turnover of the market was estimated to be between ₹40–50 Crore.[31]
Management
The market is managed by a union of all the vendors of the market. It maintains a custom of only allowing women who have been married at least once to set up stalls. The women vendors include those who are divorced or have been widowed in the insurgency in Manipur.[22][15] The vendors are primarily in the age of 45–70 years.[29] The union also runs a credit system for lending to women traders.[32]
See also
References
- ^ Singh, Amita; Punia, Milap; Haran, Nivedita P.; Singh, Thiyam Bharat (15 June 2018). Development and Disaster Management: A Study of the Northeastern States of India. ISBN 978-981-10-8485-0.
- ^ "India's Mother's Market run by women". BBC News. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "Manipur's historic women's only market damaged in earthquake". The News Minute. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "India's Mother's Market run by women". BBC News.
- ^ Gupta, Om (2006). Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. ISBN 978-81-8205-389-2.
- ^ Shivhare, Vishal (17 August 2016). Vyapar Shastra. ISBN 978-81-8495-898-0.
- ^ Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2 June 2014). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.
- ^ "Manipur's historic women's only market damaged in earthquake". The News Minute. 4 January 2016.
- ^ Sahu (IAS), Barun Kumar (1 January 2020). AN INQUIRY INTO VIGILANCE AND CORRUPTION. ISBN 978-93-5322-856-9.
- ^ Patra, Jayanta Kumar; Das, Gitishree; Kumar, Sanjeet; Thatoi, Hrudayanath (5 August 2019). Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants. ISBN 978-0-429-67537-9.
- ^ Deshpande, Abhijeet (19 December 2017). Backpacking North East India: A Curious Journey. ISBN 978-1-946556-80-6.
- ^ Rastogi, Priyanka (13 May 2019). Early Sunrise, Early Sunset: Tales of a Solo Woman Traveler Across North East and East India. Partridge Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5437-0523-2.
- ^ Rastogi, Priyanka (13 May 2019). Early Sunrise, Early Sunset: Tales of a Solo Woman Traveler Across North East and East India. Partridge Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5437-0523-2.
- ^ "India's Mother's Market run by women". BBC News. 19 May 2015. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Manipur's historic women's only market damaged in earthquake". The News Minute. 4 January 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "Incredible India | Ima Keithel/ Ima Market/ Khwairamband Bazar". Incredible India. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Vinayak, Akshatha (14 May 2018). "Ima Keithal : World's Only Women's Market". Native Planet. Archived from the original on 21 July 2016.
- ^ a b Chakravarty, Ipsita (6 January 2016). "The earthquake has damaged a nerve centre of life in Manipur: the Ima Keithel or Mother's Market". Scroll.in.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d Binayak, Poonam (5 January 2018). "Ima Keithel: Asia's Largest All Women's Market". Culture Trip.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "3-storey market building coming up at Pureiromba Keithel in Imphal". Northeast Now. 30 December 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Mautam phenomenon in NE States". e-pao.net. Archived from the original on 10 August 2019.
- ^ a b c Pal, Sanchari (3 November 2016). "Exploring Ima Keithal, a 500-Year-Old Market with over 5000 Traders - All Women!". The Better India. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017.
- ^ Begum, Anjuman Ara (12 November 2010). "Khwairamband Bazaar: a symbol of women empowerment". Two Circles.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Women vendors in Manipur's Ima market are angry after the earthquake. Here's why | Oxfam India". Oxfam India. 6 January 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Singh, Oinam Nabakishore. "Construction of Ima Keithel at Khwairamband By Oinam Nabakishore". e-pao.net. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Ima Keithel | Imphal, India Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Ima Keithel". imphalwest.nic.in.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Bag, Shamik (25 June 2010). "In the name of the mother". Livemint.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Lisam, Khomdan Singh (2011). Encyclopaedia Of Manipur. Vol. 3. India: Kalpaz Publications. pp. 583–584. ISBN 978-81-7835-864-2.
- ^ Das, Bijoyeta (7 March 2014). "India's 'market of mothers'". Al Jazeera.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Ima Keithel - Asia's Largest Women Run Market in Manipur". NorthEast Guide. 8 March 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Dey, Panchali (26 July 2018). "Wonder women of India running the show in a 500-year-old market". Times of India.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)