Haplogroup Q-L275: Difference between revisions

Haplogroup Q-L275 or Q2
Haplogroup Q-L275 or Q2
Possible place of origin	Eurasia
Ancestor	Q-M242
Descendants	Q-M378
Defining mutations	L275, L314, L606, L612

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Haplogroup Q-L275 or Haplogroup Q2 (formerly Haplogroup Q1b) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup believed to have originated in Eurasia. Haplogroup Q-L275 is defined by the presence of the L275 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Haplogroup Q-L275 can be identified through genealogical DNA testing.

Distribution

Q-L275 has descendants across Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia. Q-M378 is phylogeographically restricted to southwest Asia.^[1]

The Americas

Q-L275 has not been identified in pre-Columbian groups in the Americas. Potential sources in indigenous populations are European colonists and religious missionaries. According to Batfaglia, et al, Q-M378 in Native American populations can be attributed to historical migrants from Southwest Asia in contemporary history.^[1]

Asia

East Asia

South Asia

The problematic phylogeny sampling of early studies has been demonstrated by subsequent studies that have found the Q-M378 descendant branch in South Asia.

West Asia

According to Behar et al. 5% of Ashkenazi males belong to haplogroup Q.^[2] This has subsequently been found to be entirely Q-L275's Q-M378 subclade and is further restricted to the Q-L245 branch.

Europe

Subclade Distribution

Q-L245 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. It is a descendant branch of the Q-M378 lineage and is the most common branch in West Asian groups such as Iranians and Jewish populations.

Q-L272.1 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. It has only been identified in one Sicilian sample.

Q-L301 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. They have identified it in two unrelated Iranian samples.

Q-L315 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. It has only been identified in one Ashkenazi Jewish sample. Thus, it is presumed to have arisen after the Q-L245 branch to which it belongs became part of the pre-Diaspora Jewish population.

Q-L327 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. It has only been identified in one Azorean sample.

Q-L619.2 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. They have identified it in two unrelated Armenian samples.

Q-P306 This branch was discovered by the University of Arizona research group headed by Dr. Michael Hammer in a Southeast Asian sample. It has been identified by citizen scientists in South Asians.

Q-M378 — It is widely distributed in Europe, South Asia, and West Asia. It is found among samples of Hazaras and Sindhis.^[3] It has been found in one individual in a small sample of eleven Lachungpa in Sikkim.^[4] It is also found in the Uyghurs of North-Western China in two separate groups.^[5] Some Western Jews belong to Q-M378 as well. Q-M378's subbranch Q-L245's subclades Q-Y2200 and Q-YP1035 are the only varieties of haplogroup Q that are found in Ashkenazi Jews.^[6] Citizen scientists found that some Sephardic Jews carry different subclades of Q-L245, including Q-BZ3900, Q-YP745, and Q-YP1237.

Associated SNPs

Q-L275 is currently defined by the SNPs L275, L314, L606, and L612.

Subgroups

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-L275.

L275, L314, L606, L612
- M378, L214, L215
  - L245
    - L272.1
    - L315
    - L619.2
  - L301
  - P306
  - L327

References

^ ^a ^b Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Perego, Ugo Alessandro; Angerhofer, Norman; Gomez-Palmieri, J. Edgar; Woodward, Scott Ray; Achilli, Alessandro; Myres, Natalie; Torroni, Antonio; Semino, Ornella (21 August 2013). "The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q". PLOS ONE. 8 (8): e71390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071390. ISSN 1932-6203.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) "Only two American Y chromosomes did not cluster into the L54 sub-branch. They were both M378-positive, thus belonging to Q1b, a finding never previously reported for Native Americans. Considering that the phylogeography of this infrequent haplogroup is restricted to South West Asia [52]–[55], the most likely interpretation of this outcome is that they represent an arrival from Asia in contemporary history. For this reason the two Y chromosomes were not included in subsequent analyses."
^ Behar, Doron M.; Garrigan, Daniel; Kaplan, Matthew E.; Mobasher, Zahra; Rosengarten, Dror; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Ostrer, Harry; Skorecki, Karl (2004). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations". Human Genetics. 114 (4): 354–65. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1073-7. PMID 14740294. S2CID 10310338.
^ Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
^ Monojit Debnath; Malliya G Palanichamy; Bikash Mitra; Jie-Qiong Jin; Tapas K Chaudhuri; Ya-Ping Zhang (2011). "Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (11): 765–771. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.98. PMID 21900945.
^ Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.
^ Brook, Kevin Alan (2018). The Jews of Khazaria, Third Edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 204. ISBN 9781538103425.

External links

The Y-DNA Haplogroup Q Project

[vanOven2014-7] Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. S2CID 23291764.

[ISOGG2015-8] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

[A0-T-9] Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

[A1-10] Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

[F-Y27277-11] F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

[LT-12] Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

[K2-13] Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

[K2b-14] Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

[K2b1-15] Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

[P-16] Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

[K-M2313-17] K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

[S-18] Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

[M-19] Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

[Battaglia-1] Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Perego, Ugo Alessandro; Angerhofer, Norman; Gomez-Palmieri, J. Edgar; Woodward, Scott Ray; Achilli, Alessandro; Myres, Natalie; Torroni, Antonio; Semino, Ornella (21 August 2013). "The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q". PLOS ONE. 8 (8): e71390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071390. ISSN 1932-6203.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) "Only two American Y chromosomes did not cluster into the L54 sub-branch. They were both M378-positive, thus belonging to Q1b, a finding never previously reported for Native Americans. Considering that the phylogeography of this infrequent haplogroup is restricted to South West Asia [52]–[55], the most likely interpretation of this outcome is that they represent an arrival from Asia in contemporary history. For this reason the two Y chromosomes were not included in subsequent analyses."

[behar2003-2] Behar, Doron M.; Garrigan, Daniel; Kaplan, Matthew E.; Mobasher, Zahra; Rosengarten, Dror; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Ostrer, Harry; Skorecki, Karl (2004). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations". Human Genetics. 114 (4): 354–65. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1073-7. PMID 14740294. S2CID 10310338.

[Sengupta2006-3] Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.

[Debnath2011-4] Monojit Debnath; Malliya G Palanichamy; Bikash Mitra; Jie-Qiong Jin; Tapas K Chaudhuri; Ya-Ping Zhang (2011). "Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (11): 765–771. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.98. PMID 21900945.

[Zhong2010-5] Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.

[Brook2018-6] Brook, Kevin Alan (2018). The Jews of Khazaria, Third Edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 204. ISBN 9781538103425.

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[6]

[χ 1]

[χ 2]

[χ 3]

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@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 == Distribution ==
+Q-L275 has descendants across Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia. Q-M378 is phylogeographically restricted to southwest Asia.<ref name= "Battaglia">{{cite journal |last1=Battaglia |first1=Vincenza |last2=Grugni |first2=Viola |last3=Perego |first3=Ugo Alessandro |last4=Angerhofer |first4=Norman |last5=Gomez-Palmieri |first5=J. Edgar |last6=Woodward |first6=Scott Ray |last7=Achilli |first7=Alessandro |last8=Myres |first8=Natalie |last9=Torroni |first9=Antonio |last10=Semino |first10=Ornella |title=The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q |journal=PLOS ONE |date=21 August 2013 |volume=8 |issue=8 |pages=e71390 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0071390 |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071390 |language=en |issn=1932-6203}} "Only two American Y chromosomes did not cluster into the L54 sub-branch. They were both M378-positive, thus belonging to Q1b, a finding never previously reported for Native Americans. Considering that the phylogeography of this infrequent haplogroup is restricted to South West Asia [52]–[55], the most likely interpretation of this outcome is that they represent an arrival from Asia in contemporary history. For this reason the two Y chromosomes were not included in subsequent analyses."</ref>
-Q-L275 has descendants across Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia.
 ===The Americas===
-Q-L275 has not been identified in pre-Columbian groups in the Americas.  Potential sources in indigenous populations are European [[colonist]]s and religious [[Missionary|missionaries]].
+Q-L275 has not been identified in pre-Columbian groups in the Americas. Potential sources in indigenous populations are European [[colonist]]s and religious [[Missionary|missionaries]]. According to Batfaglia, et al, Q-M378 in Native American populations can be attributed to historical migrants from Southwest Asia in contemporary history.<ref name= "Battaglia" />
 ===Asia===
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 ==== South Asia ====
 The problematic phylogeny sampling of early studies has been demonstrated by subsequent studies that have found the Q-M378 descendant branch in South Asia.
 ==== West Asia ====
 According to Behar et al. 5% of Ashkenazi males belong to haplogroup Q.<ref name="behar2003">{{cite journal | doi=10.1007/s00439-003-1073-7 | title=Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations | year=2004 | last1=Behar | first1=Doron M. | last2=Garrigan | first2=Daniel | last3=Kaplan | first3=Matthew E. | last4=Mobasher | first4=Zahra | last5=Rosengarten | first5=Dror | last6=Karafet | first6=Tatiana M. | last7=Quintana-Murci | first7=Lluis | last8=Ostrer | first8=Harry | last9=Skorecki | first9=Karl | journal=Human Genetics | volume=114 | issue=4 | pages=354–65 | pmid=14740294 | s2cid=10310338 }}</ref> This has subsequently been found to be entirely Q-L275's Q-M378 subclade and is further restricted to the Q-L245 branch.