Demis Hassabis: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Awards and Achievements: included in the 2017 Time 100 list
Line 29: Line 29:
* [[Lionhead Studios]]
* [[Lionhead Studios]]
* [[University College London]]
* [[University College London]]
* [[Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge]]
}}
}}
| patrons =
| patrons =
| education = [[Christ's College, Finchley|Christ's College]], London<br>(state comprehensive school)
| education = [[Christ's College, Finchley]]
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
*[[University of Cambridge]] (BA)
*[[University of Cambridge]] (BA)
Line 45: Line 44:
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
*[[DeepMind Technologies]]
*[[DeepMind Technologies]]
*[[Theme Park (video game)|Theme Park]]<ref name="imdb"/>
*''[[Theme Park (video game)|Theme Park]]''<ref name="imdb"/>
*[[Republic: The Revolution]]<ref name="imdb"/>}}
*''[[Republic: The Revolution]]''<ref name="imdb"/>}}
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences = [[Peter Molyneux]]
| influences = [[Peter Molyneux]]
| influenced =
| influenced =
| awards = {{Plainlist|
| awards = {{Plainlist|
*[[Royal Society of Arts|FRSA]]
*[[FRSA]] (2009)
* [[Mullard Award]] (2014)<ref name=mullard/>
*[[Mind Sports Olympiad|Pentamind World Champion]]}}
*[[Mind Sports Olympiad|Pentamind World Champion]]{{fact}}}}
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature_alt =
| signature_alt =
| website = {{URL|http://www.demishassabis.com}}
| website = {{URL|demishassabis.com}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| spouse =
| spouse =
| children =
| children =
}}
}}
'''Demis Hassabis''' (born 27 July 1976) is a British [[artificial intelligence]] researcher, [[neuroscientist]], [[Video game|computer game]] designer, entrepreneur, and world-class games player.<ref name="googlescholar">{{GoogleScholar|dYpPMQEAAAAJ}}</ref><ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|id=1514506}}</ref><ref name="eveningstandard"></ref><ref name="chess">{{fide|id=401307}}</ref><ref name="telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10602390/Demis-Hassabis-the-secretive-computer-boffin-with-the-400-million-brain.html Demis Hassabis: the secretive computer boffin with the £400 million brain] Daily Telegraph 2014-01-28</ref>
'''Demis Hassabis''' (born 27 July 1976) [[FRSA]] is a British [[artificial intelligence]] researcher, [[neuroscientist]], [[Video game|computer game]] designer, entrepreneur, and world-class games player.<ref name="googlescholar">{{Google scholar id}}</ref><ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|id=1514506}}</ref><ref name="eveningstandard"></ref><ref name="chess">{{fide|id=401307}}</ref><ref name="telegraph">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10602390/Demis-Hassabis-the-secretive-computer-boffin-with-the-400-million-brain.html|title=Demis Hassabis: the secretive computer boffin with the £400 million brain|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=2014-01-28}}</ref><ref name=mastering/><ref name=humanlevel/>


==Early life==
==Education and early life==
Demis Hassabis was born to a [[Greek Cypriots|Greek Cypriot]] father and a [[Chinese Singaporeans|Chinese Singaporean]] mother and grew up in [[North London]].<ref name="eveningstandard">{{cite web|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/exclusive-interview-meet-demis-hassabis-londons-megamind-who-just-sold-his-company-to-google-for-9098707.html|title=Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m|work=the Evening Standard|last=Gardner|first=Jasmine|date=31 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="financialtimes">{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/47aa9aa4-a7a5-11e4-be63-00144feab7de.html#axzz3jgbWctw6|title=Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis|work=Financial Timesdate=January 30 2015}}</ref> A [[child prodigy]] in chess, Hassabis reached master standard at the age of 13 with an [[Elo rating]] of 2300 (at the time the second highest rated player in the world Under-14 after [[Judit Polgár]] who had a rating of 2335) and captained many of the England junior chess teams.<ref name="15 facts">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/jan/28/demis-hassabis-15-facts-deepmind-technologies-founder-google|title=Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder|author=Samuel Gibbs|work=the Guardian|accessdate=31 July 2015}}</ref>
Hassabis was born to a [[Greek Cypriots|Greek Cypriot]] father and a [[Chinese Singaporeans|Chinese Singaporean]] mother and grew up in [[North London]].<ref name="eveningstandard">{{cite web|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/exclusive-interview-meet-demis-hassabis-londons-megamind-who-just-sold-his-company-to-google-for-9098707.html|title=Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m|publisher=[[London Evening Standard]]|last=Gardner|first=Jasmine|date=31 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="financialtimes">{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/47aa9aa4-a7a5-11e4-be63-00144feab7de.html#axzz3jgbWctw6|title=Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis|publisher=[[Financial Times]]|date= 2015-01-30|first=Murad|last= Ahmed|website=ft.com}}</ref> A [[child prodigy]] in chess, Hassabis reached master standard at the age of 13 with an [[Elo rating]] of 2300 (at the time the second highest rated player in the world Under-14 after [[Judit Polgár]] who had a rating of 2335) and captained many of the England junior chess teams.<ref name=fifteen>
{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/jan/28/demis-hassabis-15-facts-deepmind-technologies-founder-google|website=theguardian.com|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|first=Samuel|last=Gibbs|year=2014|title=Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder}}</ref>


⚫
Hassabis was educated at [[Christ's College, Finchley]],<ref name="eveningstandard"></ref> a [[state school|state funded]] [[comprehensive school]] in [[East Finchley]], North London. After completing his [[GCE Advanced Level]] and [[Scholarship Level]] exams early at the age of 16, he began his computer games career at [[Bullfrog Productions]], first level designing on ''[[Syndicate (video game)|Syndicate]]'' and then at 17 co-designing and lead programming on the classic game ''[[Theme Park (video game)|Theme Park]]'', with the games designer [[Peter Molyneux]]. Theme Park, a celebrated simulation game, sold several million copies and won a [[Golden Joystick Awards|Golden Joystick Award]], and inspired a whole genre of management sim games. Hassabis then left Bullfrog to take up his place at [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], where he studied the [[Computer Science Tripos]] graduating in 1997 with a [[Double First]]<ref name=fifteen/> from the [[University of Cambridge]]. After running technology companies for several years, Hassabis returned to academia to obtain his [[PhD]] in Cognitive Neuroscience from [[University College London]] (UCL) in 2009 supervised by [[Eleanor Maguire]]<ref name="phd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD |first=Demis|last=Hassabis |title=Neural processes underpinning episodic memory |publisher=University College London |date=2009 |url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.564607|oclc=926193578}}</ref> and continued his neuroscience and artificial intelligence research as a [[Wellcome Trust]] [[Research Fellow]] at the [[Gatsby Charitable Foundation]] Computational Neuroscience Unit, UCL and as a visiting scientist jointly at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)]] and [[Harvard University]].<ref name="eveningstandard"></ref>
==Education==
⚫
Hassabis was educated at [[Christ's College, Finchley|Christ's College]],<ref name="eveningstandard"></ref> a state comprehensive school in [[East Finchley]] in North London. After completing his [[A-Level]] and [[S-level]] exams early at the age of 16, he began his computer games career at [[Bullfrog Productions]], first level designing on ''[[Syndicate (video game)|Syndicate]]'' and then at 17 co-designing and lead programming on the classic game ''[[Theme Park (video game)|Theme Park]]'', with the games designer [[Peter Molyneux]]. Theme Park, a celebrated simulation game, sold several million copies and won a [[Golden Joystick Awards|Golden Joystick Award]], and inspired a whole genre of management sim games. Hassabis then left Bullfrog to take up his place at [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], where he studied the [[Computer Science Tripos]] graduating in 1997 with a [[Double First]]<ref name="15 facts"/> from the [[Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge|University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory]]. After running technology companies for several years, Hassabis returned to academia to obtain his [[PhD]] in Cognitive Neuroscience from [[University College London]] (UCL) in 2009<ref name="phd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD |first=Demis|last=Hassabis |title=Neural processes underpinning episodic memory |publisher=University College London |date=2009 |url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.564607|authorlink=Demis Hassabis}}</ref> and continued his neuroscience and artificial intelligence research as a [[Wellcome Trust]] Research Fellow at the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, UCL and as a visiting scientist jointly at [[MIT]] and [[Harvard]].<ref name="eveningstandard"></ref>


==Career==
==Career and research==


===Lionhead===
===Lionhead===
Subsequent to his graduation from Cambridge, Hassabis worked at [[Lionhead Studios]]. Renowned games designer [[Peter Molyneux]], with whom Hassabis had worked at Bullfrog Productions, had recently founded the company. At Lionhead, Hassabis worked as lead AI programmer on the iconic god game ''[[Black & White (video game)|Black & White]].<ref name="15 Facts About Demis Hassabis">{{citation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/jan/28/demis-hassabis-15-facts-deepmind-technologies-founder-google|title=Demis Hassabis: 15 Facts About DeepMind Technologies Founder|date=January 28, 2014|first=Samual|last=Gibbs|work=The Guardian}}</ref>
Subsequent to his graduation from Cambridge, Hassabis worked at [[Lionhead Studios]]. Renowned games designer [[Peter Molyneux]], with whom Hassabis had worked at Bullfrog Productions, had recently founded the company. At Lionhead, Hassabis worked as lead AI programmer on the iconic god game ''[[Black & White (video game)|Black & White]].<ref name=fifteen/>


===Elixir Studios===
===Elixir Studios===
Hassabis left Lionhead in 1998 to found [[Elixir Studios]], a London-based independent games developer, signing publishing deals with [[Eidos Interactive]], [[Vivendi Universal]] and [[Microsoft]].<ref name="demishassabis.com">{{citation|url=http://demishassabis.com/biography/|title=Demis Hassabis Personal Website|date=2014}}</ref> In addition to managing the company, which he grew to 60 people, Hassabis served as executive designer of the [[BAFTA]]-nominated games ''[[Republic: The Revolution]]'' and ''[[Evil Genius (game)|Evil Genius]]''.<ref name="15 Facts About Demis Hassabis"/>
Hassabis left Lionhead in 1998 to found [[Elixir Studios]], a London-based independent games developer, signing publishing deals with [[Eidos Interactive]], [[Vivendi Universal]] and [[Microsoft]].<ref name="demishassabis.com">{{citation|url=http://demishassabis.com/biography/|title=Demis Hassabis Personal Website|date=2014}}</ref> In addition to managing the company, which he grew to 60 people, Hassabis served as executive designer of the [[BAFTA]]-nominated games ''[[Republic: The Revolution]]'' and ''[[Evil Genius (game)|Evil Genius]]''.<ref name=fifteen/>


The release of Elixir's first game, [[Republic: The Revolution]], a highly ambitious and unusual political simulation game,<ref name="BBC">{{citation|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3201221.stm|title=Game plays politics with your PC|date=3 September 2003|access-date=29 April 2011|first=Alfred|last=Hermida|work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> was delayed due to its huge scope. The final game was reduced from its original vision and greeted with lukewarm reviews, receiving a [[Metacritic]] score of 62/100.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/republic-the-revolution|title=Republic: The Revolution|website=Metacritic|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> [[Evil Genius (game)|Evil Genius]], a tongue-in-cheek Bond simulator, fared much better with a score of 75/100.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/evil-genius|title=Evil Genius|website=Metacritic|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> In April 2005 the intellectual property and technology rights were sold to various publishers and the studio was closed.<ref name="Rebellion Acquires Vivendi Licenses">{{citation|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/24429/Rebellion_Acquires_Vivendi_Licenses_Considers_New_Franchise_Titles.php|title=Rebellion Acquires Vivendi Licenses, Considers New Franchise Titles|date=July 14, 2009|first=Chris|last=Remo|work=Gamasutra}}</ref><ref name="IGN Elixir Studios">{{citation|url=http://www.ign.com/companies/elixir-studios|title=Elixir Studios|work=IGN}}</ref>
The release of Elixir's first game, ''[[Republic: The Revolution]]'', a highly ambitious and unusual political simulation game,<ref name="BBC">{{citation|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3201221.stm|title=Game plays politics with your PC|date=3 September 2003|access-date=29 April 2011|first=Alfred|last=Hermida|work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> was delayed due to its huge scope. The final game was reduced from its original vision and greeted with lukewarm reviews, receiving a [[Metacritic]] score of 62/100.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/republic-the-revolution|title=Republic: The Revolution|website=Metacritic|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> [[Evil Genius (game)|Evil Genius]], a tongue-in-cheek Bond simulator, fared much better with a score of 75/100.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/evil-genius|title=Evil Genius|website=Metacritic|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> In April 2005 the intellectual property and technology rights were sold to various publishers and the studio was closed.<ref name="Rebellion Acquires Vivendi Licenses">{{citation|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/24429/Rebellion_Acquires_Vivendi_Licenses_Considers_New_Franchise_Titles.php|title=Rebellion Acquires Vivendi Licenses, Considers New Franchise Titles|date=July 14, 2009|first=Chris|last=Remo|work=Gamasutra}}</ref><ref name="IGN Elixir Studios">{{citation|url=http://www.ign.com/companies/elixir-studios|title=Elixir Studios|work=IGN}}</ref>


===Neuroscience===
===Neuroscience===


Following Elixir Studios, Hassabis returned to academia. He earned a PhD in [[cognitive neuroscience]] at [[University College London]], where he sought to find inspiration in the human brain for new AI algorithms.<ref>Nature Commentary http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~demis/TuringSpecialIssue(Nature2012).pdf</ref> Hassabis then pursued postdoctoral work at [[MIT]] and [[Harvard University|Harvard]] before earning a [[Henry Wellcome|Sir Henry Wellcome]] postdoctoral fellowship to continue his research at UCL.
Following Elixir Studios, Hassabis returned to academia. He earned a PhD in [[cognitive neuroscience]] at [[University College London]], where he sought to find inspiration in the human brain for new AI algorithms.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Brooks R, Hassabis D, Bray D, Shashua A.|title=Turing centenary: Is the brain a good model for machine intelligence?|journal=Nature|volume=482|issue=7386|year=2012|pages=462–463|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/482462a|pmid=22358812|url=http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~demis/TuringSpecialIssue%28Nature2012%29.pdf}}</ref> Hassabis then pursued postdoctoral work at [[MIT]] and [[Harvard University|Harvard]] before earning a [[Henry Wellcome]] [[postdoctoral research]] [[fellow]]ship to continue his research at UCL.


Working in the field of autobiographical memory and amnesia, he co-authored several influential papers<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=dYpPMQEAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao|title=Demis Hassabis - Google Scholar Citations|website=scholar.google.co.uk|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> published in [[Nature (Magazine)|''Nature'']], [[Science (magazine)|''Science'']], [[Neuron (journal)|''Neuron'']] and ''[[PNAS]]''. His most highly cited paper to date,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hassabis | first1 = D. | authorlink1 = Demis Hassabis| last2 = Kumaran | first2 = D. | last3 = Vann | first3 = S. D. | last4 = Maguire | first4 = E. A. | authorlink4 = Eleanor Maguire| title = Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0610561104 | journal = [[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]| url = http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~demis/PatientsCannotImagine%28PNAS07%29.pdf| volume = 104 | issue = 5 | pages = 1726–31 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17229836| pmc = 1773058 }}</ref> published in [[PNAS]], showed systematically for the first time that patients with damage to their [[hippocampus]], known to cause [[amnesia]], were also unable to imagine themselves in new experiences. The finding established a link between the constructive process of [[imagination]] and the reconstructive process of [[episodic memory]] recall. Based on this work and a follow-up [[fMRI]] study,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hassabis | first1 = D.| authorlink1 = Demis Hassabis | last2 = Kumaran | first2 = D. | last3 = Maguire | first3 = E. A.| authorlink3 = Eleanor Maguire | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4549-07.2007 | title = Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory | journal = Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 27 | issue = 52 | pages = 14365–14374 | year = 2007 | pmid = 18160644| pmc =2571957 }}</ref> Hassabis developed a new theoretical account of the episodic memory system identifying ''scene construction'', the generation and online maintenance of a complex and coherent scene, as a key process underlying both memory recall and imagination.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hassabis | first1 = D. | authorlink1 = Demis Hassabis| last2 = Maguire | first2 = E. A. | authorlink2 = Eleanor Maguire| doi = 10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001 | title = Deconstructing episodic memory with construction | journal = [[Trends in Cognitive Sciences]]| volume = 11 | issue = 7 | pages = 299–306 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17548229| pmc = }}</ref> This work received widespread coverage in the mainstream media<ref name="Amnesiacs May Be Cut Off From Past and Future Alike|">{{citation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/23/health/psychology/23amne.html|title=Amnesiacs May Be Cut Off From Past and Future Alike|date=23 January 2007|work=The New York Times}}</ref> and was listed in the top 10 scientific breakthroughs of the year in any field by the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]''.<ref name="Breakthrough of the Year">{{Cite journal | author = The News Staff | title = BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: The Runners-Up | doi = 10.1126/science.318.5858.1844a | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]]| volume = 318 | issue = 5858 | pages = 1844a– | year = 2007 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref>
Working in the field of autobiographical memory and amnesia, he co-authored several influential papers<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=dYpPMQEAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao|title=Demis Hassabis - Google Scholar Citations|website=scholar.google.co.uk|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> published in [[Nature (Magazine)|''Nature'']], [[Science (magazine)|''Science'']], [[Neuron (journal)|''Neuron'']] and ''[[PNAS]]''. His most highly cited paper to date,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hassabis | first1 = D. | authorlink1 = Demis Hassabis| last2 = Kumaran | first2 = D. | last3 = Vann | first3 = S. D. | last4 = Maguire | first4 = E. A. | authorlink4 = Eleanor Maguire| title = Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0610561104 | journal = [[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]| url = http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~demis/PatientsCannotImagine%28PNAS07%29.pdf| volume = 104 | issue = 5 | pages = 1726–31 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17229836| pmc = 1773058 }}</ref> published in the ''[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]'', showed systematically for the first time that patients with damage to their [[hippocampus]], known to cause [[amnesia]], were also unable to imagine themselves in new experiences. The finding established a link between the constructive process of [[imagination]] and the reconstructive process of [[episodic memory]] recall. Based on this work and a follow-up [[fMRI]] study,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hassabis | first1 = D.| authorlink1 = Demis Hassabis | last2 = Kumaran | first2 = D. | last3 = Maguire | first3 = E. A.| authorlink3 = Eleanor Maguire | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4549-07.2007 | title = Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory | journal = Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 27 | issue = 52 | pages = 14365–14374 | year = 2007 | pmid = 18160644| pmc =2571957 }}</ref> Hassabis developed a new theoretical account of the episodic memory system identifying ''scene construction'', the generation and online maintenance of a complex and coherent scene, as a key process underlying both memory recall and imagination.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hassabis | first1 = D. | authorlink1 = Demis Hassabis| last2 = Maguire | first2 = E. A. | authorlink2 = Eleanor Maguire| doi = 10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001 | title = Deconstructing episodic memory with construction | journal = [[Trends in Cognitive Sciences]]| volume = 11 | issue = 7 | pages = 299–306 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17548229| pmc = }}</ref> This work received widespread coverage in the mainstream media<ref name="Amnesiacs May Be Cut Off From Past and Future Alike|">{{citation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/23/health/psychology/23amne.html|title=Amnesiacs May Be Cut Off From Past and Future Alike|date=23 January 2007|work=The New York Times}}</ref> and was listed in the top 10 scientific breakthroughs of the year in any field by the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]''.<ref name="Breakthrough of the Year">{{Cite journal | author = The News Staff | title = BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: The Runners-Up | doi = 10.1126/science.318.5858.1844a | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]]| volume = 318 | issue = 5858 | pages = 1844a– | year = 2007 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref>


===DeepMind===
===DeepMind===
⚫
In 2010, Hassabis co-founded [[DeepMind Technologies]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/hI2vPPsUbVlqy9lHB_I6GiDdyKM/appointments|title=Demis HASSABIS|website=companieshouse.gov.uk|publisher=[[Companies House]]|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deepmind.com|title=Google DeepMind|website=www.deepmind.com|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> a London-based machine learning AI startup, with [[Shane Legg]] and [[Mustafa Suleyman]]. Hassabis and Suleyman had been friends since childhood, and he met Legg when both were postdocs at University College London’s Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit.<ref>{{Citation|url= http://www.wired.co.uk/article/deepmind|title=DeepMind: Inside Google's Super Brain|date=22 June 2015|first=David|last=Rowan|work=Wired}}</ref> Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner David Silver.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/?mbid=social_twitter|title=What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human|date=19 May 2016|first=Cade|last=Metz|work=Wired}}</ref>
{{Main article|DeepMind Technologies}}

⚫
In 2010, Hassabis co-founded DeepMind Technologies,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deepmind.com|title=Google DeepMind|website=www.deepmind.com|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> a London-based machine learning AI startup, with [[Shane Legg]] and [[Mustafa Suleyman]]. Hassabis and Suleyman had been friends since childhood, and he met Legg when both were postdocs at University College London’s Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit.<ref>{{Citation|url= http://www.wired.co.uk/article/deepmind|title=DeepMind: Inside Google's Super Brain|date=22 June 2015|first=David|last=Rowan|work=Wired}}</ref> Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner David Silver.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/?mbid=social_twitter|title=What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human|date=19 May 2016|first=Cade|last=Metz|work=Wired}}</ref>
DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else".<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601139/how-google-plans-to-solve-artificial-intelligence/|title=How Google Plans to Solve Artificial Intelligence|date=31 March 2016|first=Tom|last=Simonite|work=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> More concretely, DeepMind aims to meld insights from neuroscience and machine learning with new developments in computing hardware to unlock increasingly powerful general-purpose learning algorithms that will work towards the creation of an [[artificial general intelligence]] (AGI). The company has focused on training learning algorithms to master games, and in December 2013 it famously announced that it had made a pioneering breakthrough by training an algorithm called a Deep Q-Network (DQN) to play Atari games at a superhuman level by only using the raw pixels on the screen as inputs.<ref name="Space Invaders">{{Citation|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/535446/googles-ai-masters-space-invaders-but-it-still-stinks-at-pac-man/|title=Google's AI Masters Space Invaders But Still Sucks at Pacman|date=25 February 2015|first=Tom|last=Simonite|work=MIT Technology Review}}</ref>
DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else".<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601139/how-google-plans-to-solve-artificial-intelligence/|title=How Google Plans to Solve Artificial Intelligence|date=31 March 2016|first=Tom|last=Simonite|work=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> More concretely, DeepMind aims to meld insights from neuroscience and machine learning with new developments in computing hardware to unlock increasingly powerful general-purpose learning algorithms that will work towards the creation of an [[artificial general intelligence]] (AGI). The company has focused on training learning algorithms to master games, and in December 2013 it famously announced that it had made a pioneering breakthrough by training an algorithm called a Deep Q-Network (DQN) to play Atari games at a superhuman level by only using the raw pixels on the screen as inputs.<ref name="Space Invaders">{{Citation|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/535446/googles-ai-masters-space-invaders-but-it-still-stinks-at-pac-man/|title=Google's AI Masters Space Invaders But Still Sucks at Pacman|date=25 February 2015|first=Tom|last=Simonite|work=MIT Technology Review}}</ref>
Line 94: Line 90:
DeepMind's early investors included several high-profile tech entrepreneurs.<ref name="Angel Profile">{{Citation|url=https://angel.co/deepmind-technologies/|title=DeepMind Technologies|date=26 January 2015|work=Angel}}</ref><ref name="Google Buy">{{Citation|url=http://www.recode.net/2014/1/26/11622732/exclusive-google-to-buy-artificial-intelligence-startup-deepmind-for/|title=Exclusive: Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Startup DeepMind for $400m|date=26 January 2014|first=Liz|last=Gannes|work=Recode}}</ref> In 2014, Google purchased DeepMind for £400 million, although it has remained an independent entity based in London.<ref name="Reuters DeepMind">{{Citation|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/google-deepmind-idUSL2N0L102A20140127/|title=Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Company DeepMind|date=26 January 2015|work=Reuters}}</ref>
DeepMind's early investors included several high-profile tech entrepreneurs.<ref name="Angel Profile">{{Citation|url=https://angel.co/deepmind-technologies/|title=DeepMind Technologies|date=26 January 2015|work=Angel}}</ref><ref name="Google Buy">{{Citation|url=http://www.recode.net/2014/1/26/11622732/exclusive-google-to-buy-artificial-intelligence-startup-deepmind-for/|title=Exclusive: Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Startup DeepMind for $400m|date=26 January 2014|first=Liz|last=Gannes|work=Recode}}</ref> In 2014, Google purchased DeepMind for £400 million, although it has remained an independent entity based in London.<ref name="Reuters DeepMind">{{Citation|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/google-deepmind-idUSL2N0L102A20140127/|title=Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Company DeepMind|date=26 January 2015|work=Reuters}}</ref>
Since the Google acquisition, the company has notched a number of significant achievements, perhaps the most notable being the creation of [[AlphaGo]], a program that defeated world champion [[Lee Sedol]] at the complex game of [[Go (game)|Go]]. Go had been considered a holy grail of AI, for its high number of possible board positions and resistance to existing programming techniques.{{Cn|date=February 2017}} However, AlphaGo beat European champion [[Fan Hui]] 5-0 in October 2015 before [[AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol|winning 4-1 against former world champion Lee Sedol]] in March 2016.<ref name="In a Huge Breakthrough Google's AI Beats a Top Go Player">{{Citation|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/01/in-a-huge-breakthrough-googles-ai-beats-a-top-player-at-the-game-of-go/|title=In a Huge Breakthrough, Google’s AI Beats a Top Player at the Game of Go|date=27 January 2016|first=Cade|last=Metz|work=Wired}}</ref><ref name="A Google Computer Victorious Over the World's Go Champion">{{Citation|url=http://money.cnn.com/2016/03/12/technology/google-deepmind-alphago-wins/|title=A Google Computer Victorious Over the World's Go Champion|date=12 March 2016|first=Sophia|last=Yan|work=CNN Money}}</ref> Other DeepMind accomplishments include creating a Neural Turing Machine,<ref name="Google's Secretive DeepMind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine">{{Citation|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/532156/googles-secretive-deepmind-startup-unveils-a-neural-turing-machine/|title=Google's Secretive DeepMind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine|date=29 October 2014|work=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> advancing research on AI safety,<ref name="Google Developing Kill Switch for AI">{{Citation|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36472140|title=Google Developing Kill Switch for AI|date=8 June 2016|work=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Newsweek Big Red Button">{{Citation|url=http://europe.newsweek.com/google-big-red-button-ai-artificial-intelligence-save-world-elon-musk-466753?rm=eu|title=Google's Big Red Button Could Save the World|date=8 June 2016|first=Anthony|last=Cuthbertson|work=Newsweek}}</ref> and the creation of a partnership with the [[National Health Service|UK National Health Service]] and [[Moorfields Eye Hospital]] to improve medical service and identify the onset of degenerative eye conditions.<ref name="Google DeepMind pairs with NHS to use machine learning to fight blindness">{{Citation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/05/google-deepmind-nhs-machine-learning-blindness|title=Google DeepMind pairs with NHS to use machine learning to fight blindness|date=5 July 2016|first=Alex|last=Hern|work=The Guardian}}</ref> DeepMind has also been responsible for technical advancements in machine learning, having produced a number of award-winning papers. In particular, the company has made significant advances in deep learning and reinforcement learning, and pioneered the field of deep reinforcement learning which combines these two methods.<ref name="Deep RL">{{Citation|url=https://deepmind.com/blog|title=Deep Reinforcement Learning|date=17 June 2016|first=David|last=Silver|work=DeepMind Blog}}</ref>
Since the Google acquisition, the company has notched a number of significant achievements, perhaps the most notable being the creation of [[AlphaGo]], a program that defeated world champion [[Lee Sedol]] at the complex game of [[Go (game)|Go]]. Go had been considered a holy grail of AI, for its high number of possible board positions and resistance to existing programming techniques.{{Cn|date=February 2017}} However, AlphaGo beat European champion [[Fan Hui]] 5-0 in October 2015 before [[AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol|winning 4-1 against former world champion Lee Sedol]] in March 2016.<ref name="In a Huge Breakthrough Google's AI Beats a Top Go Player">{{Citation|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/01/in-a-huge-breakthrough-googles-ai-beats-a-top-player-at-the-game-of-go/|title=In a Huge Breakthrough, Google’s AI Beats a Top Player at the Game of Go|date=27 January 2016|first=Cade|last=Metz|work=Wired}}</ref><ref name="A Google Computer Victorious Over the World's Go Champion">{{Citation|url=http://money.cnn.com/2016/03/12/technology/google-deepmind-alphago-wins/|title=A Google Computer Victorious Over the World's Go Champion|date=12 March 2016|first=Sophia|last=Yan|work=CNN Money}}</ref> Other DeepMind accomplishments include creating a Neural Turing Machine,<ref name="Google's Secretive DeepMind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine">{{Citation|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/532156/googles-secretive-deepmind-startup-unveils-a-neural-turing-machine/|title=Google's Secretive DeepMind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine|date=29 October 2014|work=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> advancing research on AI safety,<ref name="Google Developing Kill Switch for AI">{{Citation|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36472140|title=Google Developing Kill Switch for AI|date=8 June 2016|work=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Newsweek Big Red Button">{{Citation|url=http://europe.newsweek.com/google-big-red-button-ai-artificial-intelligence-save-world-elon-musk-466753?rm=eu|title=Google's Big Red Button Could Save the World|date=8 June 2016|first=Anthony|last=Cuthbertson|work=Newsweek}}</ref> and the creation of a partnership with the [[National Health Service|National Health Service]] of the United Kingdom and [[Moorfields Eye Hospital]] to improve medical service and identify the onset of degenerative eye conditions.<ref name="Google DeepMind pairs with NHS to use machine learning to fight blindness">{{Citation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/05/google-deepmind-nhs-machine-learning-blindness|title=Google DeepMind pairs with NHS to use machine learning to fight blindness|date=5 July 2016|first=Alex|last=Hern|work=The Guardian}}</ref> DeepMind has also been responsible for technical advancements in machine learning, having produced a number of award-winning papers. In particular, the company has made significant advances in deep learning and reinforcement learning, and pioneered the field of deep reinforcement learning which combines these two methods.<ref name="Deep RL">{{Citation|url=https://deepmind.com/blog|title=Deep Reinforcement Learning|date=17 June 2016|first=David|last=Silver|work=DeepMind Blog}}</ref>


==Awards and Achievements==
==Awards and honours==


===Personal===
===Games===
{{colbegin||35em}}

⚫
====Games====
Hassabis is an expert player of many games including:<ref name="demishassabis.com" />
Hassabis is an expert player of many games including:<ref name="demishassabis.com" />
*[[Chess]]: achieved master standard at age 13 with ELO rating of 2300 (at the time the second-highest in the world for his age).
*[[Chess]]: achieved master standard at age 13 with ELO rating of 2300 (at the time the second-highest in the world for his age).
Line 107: Line 102:
*[[Shogi]]: joint 1st in the 1999 British Shogi Championship{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=February 2017}}.
*[[Shogi]]: joint 1st in the 1999 British Shogi Championship{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=February 2017}}.
*multi-games events at the London [[Mind Sports Olympiad]]: World Pentamind Champion (a record five times: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003)<ref name="Pentamind">{{Citation|url=http://www.msoworld.com/pentamind/|title=Pentamind|date=2015|work=Mind Sports Olympiad}}</ref> and World Decamentathlon Champion (twice: 2003, 2004).
*multi-games events at the London [[Mind Sports Olympiad]]: World Pentamind Champion (a record five times: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003)<ref name="Pentamind">{{Citation|url=http://www.msoworld.com/pentamind/|title=Pentamind|date=2015|work=Mind Sports Olympiad}}</ref> and World Decamentathlon Champion (twice: 2003, 2004).
{{colend}}

====Entrepreneur and sciences====
===Entrepreneurial and scientific===
{{colbegin||35em}}

* [[Science (magazine)|Science Magazine]] Top 10 Scientific Breakthroughs of 2007 (#9, for research on imagination)<ref name="Top 10 Scientific Breakthroughs">{{Citation|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/318/5858/1844.1.full|title=The Runners-Up|date=21 December 2007|author=the news staff|work=Science}}</ref>
* ''[[Science (magazine)|Science Magazine]]'' Top 10 Scientific Breakthroughs of 2007 (#9, for research on imagination)<ref name="Top 10 Scientific Breakthroughs">{{Citation|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/318/5858/1844.1.full|title=The Runners-Up|date=21 December 2007|author=the news staff|work=Science}}</ref>
* Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (2009)<ref name="Artificial Intelligence and the Future with Demis Hassabis">{{Citation|url=https://rts.org.uk/event/artificial-intelligence-and-future-demis-hassabis|title=Artificial Intelligence and the Future with Demis Hassabis|date=2015|work=Royal Television Society}}</ref>
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts]] (FRSA) 2009<ref name="Artificial Intelligence and the Future with Demis Hassabis">{{Citation|url=https://rts.org.uk/event/artificial-intelligence-and-future-demis-hassabis|title=Artificial Intelligence and the Future with Demis Hassabis|date=2015|publisher=[[Royal Television Society]]|author=Anon|website=rts.org.uk}}</ref>
* Sir Henry Wellcome postdoctoral fellowship (2009)<ref name="Demis Hassabis, the Secretive Computer Boffin">{{Citation|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10602390/Demis-Hassabis-the-secretive-computer-boffin-with-the-400-million-brain.html|title=Demis Hassabis, the Secretive Computer Boffin with the 400 Million Dollar Brain|date=28 January 2014|first=Tom|last=Rowley|work=The Telegraph}}</ref>
* Henry Wellcome [[postdoctoral research]] [[fellow]]ship (2009)<ref name="Demis Hassabis, the Secretive Computer Boffin">{{Citation|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10602390/Demis-Hassabis-the-secretive-computer-boffin-with-the-400-million-brain.html|title=Demis Hassabis, the Secretive Computer Boffin with the 400 Million Dollar Brain|date=28 January 2014|first=Tom|last=Rowley|work=The Telegraph}}</ref>
* Fellow Benefactor, Queens' College, Cambridge <ref name="Queens' College Philanthropic News">{{Citation|url=http://www.queens.cam.ac.uk/alumni-support/philanthropic-news|title=Queens College Philanthropic News|work=Queens College}}</ref>
* Fellow Benefactor, Queens' College, Cambridge <ref name="Queens' College Philanthropic News">{{Citation|url=http://www.queens.cam.ac.uk/alumni-support/philanthropic-news|title=Queens College Philanthropic News|work=Queens College}}</ref>
* Mullard Award of the Royal Society (2014)<ref name="Acclaimed Neuroscientist and Google DeepMind founder wins Royal Society Mullard Award">{{Citation|url=https://royalsociety.org/news/2014/acclaimed-neuroscientist-and-google-deepmind-founder-wins-royal-society-mullard-award/|title=Acclaimed Neuroscientist and Google DeepMind founder wins Royal Society Mullard Award|date=21 November 2014|work=The Royal Society}}</ref>
* [[Mullard Award]] of the [[Royal Society]] (2014)<ref name=mullard>{{Citation|url=https://royalsociety.org/news/2014/acclaimed-neuroscientist-and-google-deepmind-founder-wins-royal-society-mullard-award/|title=Acclaimed Neuroscientist and Google DeepMind founder wins Royal Society Mullard Award|date=21 November 2014|work=The Royal Society}}</ref>
* Third most influential Londoner in 2014 according to the London Evening Standard (2014)<ref name="Leading the way: Top 20 Londoners in The 1000 power list">{{Citation|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/the1000/leading-the-way-top-20-londoners-in-the-1000-power-list-9798964.html|title=Leading the way: Top 20 Londoners in The 1000 power list|date=16 October 2014|work=The Evening Standard}}</ref>
* Third most influential Londoner in 2014 according to the ''[[London Evening Standard]]'' (2014)<ref name="Leading the way: Top 20 Londoners in The 1000 power list">{{Citation|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/the1000/leading-the-way-top-20-londoners-in-the-1000-power-list-9798964.html|title=Leading the way: Top 20 Londoners in The 1000 power list|date=16 October 2014|work=The Evening Standard}}</ref>
* Listed on Wired’s ‘Smart 50’ (2015)<ref name="The Wired Smart List 2013">{{Citation|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/article/the-smart-list-2013|title=The Wired Smart List 2013|date=9 December 2013|first=Craig|last=Redman|work=Wired}}</ref>
* Listed on ''Wired''’s ‘Smart 50’ (2015)<ref name="The Wired Smart List 2013">{{Citation|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/article/the-smart-list-2013|title=The Wired Smart List 2013|date=9 December 2013|first=Craig|last=Redman|work=Wired}}</ref>
* FT’s top 50 Entrepreneurs in Europe (2015)<ref name="Europe’s Top 50 Tech Entrepreneurs">{{Citation|url=https://next.ft.com/content/2b0d5e0c-14f8-11e5-9509-00144feabdc0#axzz3yDZw4mW1|title=Europe’s Top 50 Tech Entrepreneurs|date=19 June 2015|work=Financial Times}}</ref>
* ''[[Financial Times]]'' top 50 Entrepreneurs in Europe (2015)<ref name="Europe’s Top 50 Tech Entrepreneurs">{{Citation|url=https://next.ft.com/content/2b0d5e0c-14f8-11e5-9509-00144feabdc0#axzz3yDZw4mW1|title=Europe’s Top 50 Tech Entrepreneurs|date=19 June 2015|work=Financial Times}}</ref>
* FT Digital Entrepreneur of the Year (2016)
* ''[[Financial Times]]'' Digital Entrepreneur of the Year (2016)
* Honorary Fellow, [[University College London]] <ref name="UCL Honorary Fellows">{{Citation|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/srs/governance-and-committees/committees/hdfc/honorary-fellows|title=Honorary Fellows of UCL|work=UCL Website}}</ref>
* [[Honorary title (academic)|Honorary Fellow]], [[University College London]] <ref name="UCL Honorary Fellows">{{Citation|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/srs/governance-and-committees/committees/hdfc/honorary-fellows|title=Honorary Fellows of UCL|work=UCL Website}}</ref>
* Evening Standard list of influential Londoners, number 6 (2016)<ref name="Evening Standard List">{{Citation|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/the1000/the-progress-1000-mayor-sadiq-khan-leads-the-standards-list-of-londons-most-influential-people-a3338731.html|title=The Progress 1000: Mayor Sadiq Khan leads the Evening Standard's list of London's most influential people|first=Pippa|last=Crerar|date=7 September 2016|work=Evening Standard}}</ref>
* ''[[London Evening Standard]]'' list of influential Londoners, number 6 (2016)<ref name="Evening Standard List">{{Citation|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/the1000/the-progress-1000-mayor-sadiq-khan-leads-the-standards-list-of-londons-most-influential-people-a3338731.html|title=The Progress 1000: Mayor Sadiq Khan leads the Evening Standard's list of London's most influential people|first=Pippa|last=Crerar|date=7 September 2016|work=Evening Standard}}</ref>
* Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal (2016)<ref name="Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal">{{Citation|url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/grants-and-prizes/prizes-and-medals/individual-awards/silver-medal|title=Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal|date=2015|work=Royal Academy of Engineering}}</ref>
* [[Royal Academy of Engineering]] Silver Medal (2016)<ref name="Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal">{{Citation|url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/grants-and-prizes/prizes-and-medals/individual-awards/silver-medal|title=Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal|date=2015|work=Royal Academy of Engineering}}</ref>
* [[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]] Leadership in Innovation (2016) <ref name="DeepMind Wired">{{Citation|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/article/revealed-the-winners-in-the-wired-audi-innovation-awards-2016|title=DeepMind and OpenBionics among the winners at the WIRED Audi Innovation Awards|first=Rowland|last=Manthorpe|date=9 November 2016|work=WIRED}}</ref>
* ''[[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]]'' Leadership in Innovation (2016) <ref name="DeepMind Wired">{{Citation|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/article/revealed-the-winners-in-the-wired-audi-innovation-awards-2016|title=DeepMind and OpenBionics among the winners at the WIRED Audi Innovation Awards|first=Rowland|last=Manthorpe|date=9 November 2016|work=WIRED}}</ref>
* ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]''’s "ten people who mattered this year" (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/news/nature-s-10-1.21157|title=Nature’s 10: Ten people who mattered this year.|publisher=''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]''|date=19 December 2016|accessdate=29 December 2016}}</ref>
* ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]''’s "ten people who mattered this year" (2016)<ref>{{cite journal|title=Nature’s 10|journal=Nature|volume=540|issue=7634|year=2016|pages=507–515|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/540507a|author=Anon}}</ref>
* [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]]: The 100 Most Influential People (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4742686/demis-hassabis/|title=Demis Hassabis|publisher=''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''|date=20 April 2017|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>
* [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]]: The 100 Most Influential People (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4742686/demis-hassabis/|title=Demis Hassabis|publisher=''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''|date=20 April 2017|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>
{{colend}}
⚫
===DeepMind===
{{colbegin||35em}}
⚫
* [[Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge|Cambridge Computer Laboratory]] Company of the Year (2014)<ref name="Cambridge Computer Laboratory Hall of Fame Awards">{{Citation|url=https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ring/awards.html|title=Cambridge Computer Laboratory Hall of Fame Awards|date=2016|work=University of Cambridge Website}}</ref>
* Two ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' front cover articles (2015 and 2016)<ref name=humanlevel>{{cite journal|last1=Mnih|first1=Volodymyr|last2=Kavukcuoglu|first2=Koray|last3=Silver|first3=David|last4=Rusu|first4=Andrei A.|last5=Veness|first5=Joel|last6=Bellemare|first6=Marc G.|last7=Graves|first7=Alex|last8=Riedmiller|first8=Martin|last9=Fidjeland|first9=Andreas K.|last10=Ostrovski|first10=Georg|last11=Petersen|first11=Stig|last12=Beattie|first12=Charles|last13=Sadik|first13=Amir|last14=Antonoglou|first14=Ioannis|last15=King|first15=Helen|last16=Kumaran|first16=Dharshan|last17=Wierstra|first17=Daan|last18=Legg|first18=Shane|last19=Hassabis|first19=Demis|title=Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning|journal=Nature|volume=518|issue=7540|year=2015|pages=529–533|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature14236}}</ref><ref name=mastering>{{cite journal|last1=Silver|first1=David|last2=Huang|first2=Aja|last3=Maddison|first3=Chris J.|last4=Guez|first4=Arthur|last5=Sifre|first5=Laurent|last6=van den Driessche|first6=George|last7=Schrittwieser|first7=Julian|last8=Antonoglou|first8=Ioannis|last9=Panneershelvam|first9=Veda|last10=Lanctot|first10=Marc|last11=Dieleman|first11=Sander|last12=Grewe|first12=Dominik|last13=Nham|first13=John|last14=Kalchbrenner|first14=Nal|last15=Sutskever|first15=Ilya|last16=Lillicrap|first16=Timothy|last17=Leach|first17=Madeleine|last18=Kavukcuoglu|first18=Koray|last19=Graepel|first19=Thore|last20=Hassabis|first20=Demis|title=Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search|journal=Nature|volume=529|issue=7587|year=2016|pages=484–489|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature16961}}</ref>


===DeepMind===
⚫
* Cambridge Computer Laboratory Company of the Year (2014)<ref name="Cambridge Computer Laboratory Hall of Fame Awards">{{Citation|url=https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ring/awards.html|title=Cambridge Computer Laboratory Hall of Fame Awards|date=2016|work=University of Cambridge Website}}</ref>
* Two Nature front cover articles (2015 and 2016) <ref name="Human-Level Control Through Deep Reinforcement Learning">{{Citation|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v518/n7540/full/nature14236.html|title=Human-Level Control Through Deep Reinforcement Learning|date=25 February 2015|work=Nature}}</ref><ref name="Mastering the Game of Go with Deep Neural Networks and Tree Search">{{Citation|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v529/n7587/full/nature16961.html|title=Mastering the Game of Go with Deep Neural Networks and Tree Search|date=27 January 2016|work=Nature}}</ref>
* Honorary 9-dan Go rank for [[AlphaGo]] from Korean Baduk Association (2016) <ref name="Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4-1 score">{{Citation|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKCN0WH0XJ|title=Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4-1 score|date=15 March 2016|first=Jee Heun|last=Kahng|work=Reuters}}</ref>
* Honorary 9-dan Go rank for [[AlphaGo]] from Korean Baduk Association (2016) <ref name="Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4-1 score">{{Citation|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKCN0WH0XJ|title=Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4-1 score|date=15 March 2016|first=Jee Heun|last=Kahng|work=Reuters}}</ref>
* Cannes Lion Grand Prix for AlphaGo (2016) <ref name="Google DeepMind AlphaGo in U.K. Wins Innovation Grand Prix">{{Citation|url=http://adage.com/article/special-report-cannes-lions/google-deepmind-alphago-wins-cannes-innovation-grand-prix/304644/|title=Google DeepMind AlphaGo in U.K. Wins Innovation Grand Prix|date=22 June 2016|first=Laurel|last=Wentz|work=Reuters}}</ref>
* Cannes Lion Grand Prix for AlphaGo (2016) <ref name="Google DeepMind AlphaGo in U.K. Wins Innovation Grand Prix">{{Citation|url=http://adage.com/article/special-report-cannes-lions/google-deepmind-alphago-wins-cannes-innovation-grand-prix/304644/|title=Google DeepMind AlphaGo in U.K. Wins Innovation Grand Prix|date=22 June 2016|first=Laurel|last=Wentz|work=Reuters}}</ref>
* WIRED Innovation in AI Award (2016) <ref name="DeepMind Wired" />
* WIRED Innovation in AI Award (2016) <ref name="DeepMind Wired" />
* City AM Innovative Company of the Year (2016) <ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.cityam.com/awards|title=City AM Awards 2016|work=City AM Website}}</ref>
* City AM Innovative Company of the Year (2016) <ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.cityam.com/awards|title=City AM Awards 2016|work=City AM Website}}</ref>
* Science Magazine 2016 Breakthrough of the Year Runner Up (for AlphaGo) <ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/12/ai-protein-folding-our-breakthrough-runners|date=22 December 2016|work=Science}}</ref>
* Science Magazine 2016 Breakthrough of the Year Runner Up (for AlphaGo) <ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/12/ai-protein-folding-our-breakthrough-runners|year=2016|publisher=Science|title=From AI to protein folding: Our Breakthrough runners-up|author=Anon}}</ref>
{{colend}}

==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}
Line 149: Line 146:
[[Category:Machine learning researchers]]
[[Category:Machine learning researchers]]
[[Category:Artificial intelligence researchers]]
[[Category:Artificial intelligence researchers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]

Revision as of 20:29, 26 April 2017

Demis Hassabis
Born (1976-07-27) 27 July 1976 (age 47)
London, England
NationalityBritish
EducationChrist's College, Finchley
Alma mater
Known for
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisNeural processes underpinning episodic memory (2009)
Doctoral advisorEleanor Maguire[3]
Websitedemishassabis.com

Demis Hassabis (born 27 July 1976) FRSA is a British artificial intelligence researcher, neuroscientist, computer game designer, entrepreneur, and world-class games player.[2][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Education and early life

Hassabis was born to a Greek Cypriot father and a Chinese Singaporean mother and grew up in North London.[5][10] A child prodigy in chess, Hassabis reached master standard at the age of 13 with an Elo rating of 2300 (at the time the second highest rated player in the world Under-14 after Judit Polgár who had a rating of 2335) and captained many of the England junior chess teams.[11]

Hassabis was educated at Christ's College, Finchley,[5] a state funded comprehensive school in East Finchley, North London. After completing his GCE Advanced Level and Scholarship Level exams early at the age of 16, he began his computer games career at Bullfrog Productions, first level designing on Syndicate and then at 17 co-designing and lead programming on the classic game Theme Park, with the games designer Peter Molyneux. Theme Park, a celebrated simulation game, sold several million copies and won a Golden Joystick Award, and inspired a whole genre of management sim games. Hassabis then left Bullfrog to take up his place at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he studied the Computer Science Tripos graduating in 1997 with a Double First[11] from the University of Cambridge. After running technology companies for several years, Hassabis returned to academia to obtain his PhD in Cognitive Neuroscience from University College London (UCL) in 2009 supervised by Eleanor Maguire[3] and continued his neuroscience and artificial intelligence research as a Wellcome Trust Research Fellow at the Gatsby Charitable Foundation Computational Neuroscience Unit, UCL and as a visiting scientist jointly at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University.[5]

Career and research

Lionhead

Subsequent to his graduation from Cambridge, Hassabis worked at Lionhead Studios. Renowned games designer Peter Molyneux, with whom Hassabis had worked at Bullfrog Productions, had recently founded the company. At Lionhead, Hassabis worked as lead AI programmer on the iconic god game Black & White.[11]

Elixir Studios

Hassabis left Lionhead in 1998 to found Elixir Studios, a London-based independent games developer, signing publishing deals with Eidos Interactive, Vivendi Universal and Microsoft.[12] In addition to managing the company, which he grew to 60 people, Hassabis served as executive designer of the BAFTA-nominated games Republic: The Revolution and Evil Genius.[11]

The release of Elixir's first game, Republic: The Revolution, a highly ambitious and unusual political simulation game,[13] was delayed due to its huge scope. The final game was reduced from its original vision and greeted with lukewarm reviews, receiving a Metacritic score of 62/100.[14] Evil Genius, a tongue-in-cheek Bond simulator, fared much better with a score of 75/100.[15] In April 2005 the intellectual property and technology rights were sold to various publishers and the studio was closed.[16][17]

Neuroscience

Following Elixir Studios, Hassabis returned to academia. He earned a PhD in cognitive neuroscience at University College London, where he sought to find inspiration in the human brain for new AI algorithms.[18] Hassabis then pursued postdoctoral work at MIT and Harvard before earning a Henry Wellcome postdoctoral research fellowship to continue his research at UCL.

Working in the field of autobiographical memory and amnesia, he co-authored several influential papers[19] published in Nature, Science, Neuron and PNAS. His most highly cited paper to date,[20] published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, showed systematically for the first time that patients with damage to their hippocampus, known to cause amnesia, were also unable to imagine themselves in new experiences. The finding established a link between the constructive process of imagination and the reconstructive process of episodic memory recall. Based on this work and a follow-up fMRI study,[21] Hassabis developed a new theoretical account of the episodic memory system identifying scene construction, the generation and online maintenance of a complex and coherent scene, as a key process underlying both memory recall and imagination.[22] This work received widespread coverage in the mainstream media[23] and was listed in the top 10 scientific breakthroughs of the year in any field by the journal Science.[24]

DeepMind

In 2010, Hassabis co-founded DeepMind Technologies,[25][26] a London-based machine learning AI startup, with Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman. Hassabis and Suleyman had been friends since childhood, and he met Legg when both were postdocs at University College London’s Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit.[27] Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner David Silver.[28]

DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else".[29] More concretely, DeepMind aims to meld insights from neuroscience and machine learning with new developments in computing hardware to unlock increasingly powerful general-purpose learning algorithms that will work towards the creation of an artificial general intelligence (AGI). The company has focused on training learning algorithms to master games, and in December 2013 it famously announced that it had made a pioneering breakthrough by training an algorithm called a Deep Q-Network (DQN) to play Atari games at a superhuman level by only using the raw pixels on the screen as inputs.[30]

DeepMind's early investors included several high-profile tech entrepreneurs.[31][32] In 2014, Google purchased DeepMind for £400 million, although it has remained an independent entity based in London.[33]

Since the Google acquisition, the company has notched a number of significant achievements, perhaps the most notable being the creation of AlphaGo, a program that defeated world champion Lee Sedol at the complex game of Go. Go had been considered a holy grail of AI, for its high number of possible board positions and resistance to existing programming techniques.[citation needed] However, AlphaGo beat European champion Fan Hui 5-0 in October 2015 before winning 4-1 against former world champion Lee Sedol in March 2016.[34][35] Other DeepMind accomplishments include creating a Neural Turing Machine,[36] advancing research on AI safety,[37][38] and the creation of a partnership with the National Health Service of the United Kingdom and Moorfields Eye Hospital to improve medical service and identify the onset of degenerative eye conditions.[39] DeepMind has also been responsible for technical advancements in machine learning, having produced a number of award-winning papers. In particular, the company has made significant advances in deep learning and reinforcement learning, and pioneered the field of deep reinforcement learning which combines these two methods.[40]

Awards and honours

Games

Hassabis is an expert player of many games including:[12]

  • Chess: achieved master standard at age 13 with ELO rating of 2300 (at the time the second-highest in the world for his age).
  • Diplomacy: 4th in 2006 World Diplomacy Convention, 3th in 2004 EuroDipCon, World Champion by team in 2004.
  • Poker: cashed at the World Series of Poker six times including in the Main Event.
  • Shogi: joint 1st in the 1999 British Shogi Championship[citation needed].
  • multi-games events at the London Mind Sports Olympiad: World Pentamind Champion (a record five times: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003)[41] and World Decamentathlon Champion (twice: 2003, 2004).

Entrepreneurial and scientific

DeepMind

  • Honorary 9-dan Go rank for AlphaGo from Korean Baduk Association (2016) [56]
  • Cannes Lion Grand Prix for AlphaGo (2016) [57]
  • WIRED Innovation in AI Award (2016) [52]
  • City AM Innovative Company of the Year (2016) [58]
  • Science Magazine 2016 Breakthrough of the Year Runner Up (for AlphaGo) [59]

References

  1. ^ a b "Acclaimed Neuroscientist and Google DeepMind founder wins Royal Society Mullard Award", The Royal Society, 21 November 2014
  2. ^ a b Demis Hassabis publications indexed by Google Scholar Edit this at Wikidata
  3. ^ a b Hassabis, Demis (2009). Neural processes underpinning episodic memory (PhD thesis). University College London. OCLC 926193578.
  4. ^ a b c Demis Hassabis at IMDb
  5. ^ a b c d Gardner, Jasmine (31 January 2014). "Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m". London Evening Standard.
  6. ^ Demis Hassabis rating card at FIDE
  7. ^ "Demis Hassabis: the secretive computer boffin with the £400 million brain". The Daily Telegraph. 28 January 2014.
  8. ^ a b Silver, David; Huang, Aja; Maddison, Chris J.; Guez, Arthur; Sifre, Laurent; van den Driessche, George; Schrittwieser, Julian; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Panneershelvam, Veda; Lanctot, Marc; Dieleman, Sander; Grewe, Dominik; Nham, John; Kalchbrenner, Nal; Sutskever, Ilya; Lillicrap, Timothy; Leach, Madeleine; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Graepel, Thore; Hassabis, Demis (2016). "Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search". Nature. 529 (7587): 484–489. doi:10.1038/nature16961. ISSN 0028-0836.
  9. ^ a b Mnih, Volodymyr; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Silver, David; Rusu, Andrei A.; Veness, Joel; Bellemare, Marc G.; Graves, Alex; Riedmiller, Martin; Fidjeland, Andreas K.; Ostrovski, Georg; Petersen, Stig; Beattie, Charles; Sadik, Amir; Antonoglou, Ioannis; King, Helen; Kumaran, Dharshan; Wierstra, Daan; Legg, Shane; Hassabis, Demis (2015). "Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning". Nature. 518 (7540): 529–533. doi:10.1038/nature14236. ISSN 0028-0836.
  10. ^ Ahmed, Murad (30 January 2015). "Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis". ft.com. Financial Times.
  11. ^ a b c d Gibbs, Samuel (2014). "Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder". theguardian.com. The Guardian.
  12. ^ a b Demis Hassabis Personal Website, 2014
  13. ^ Hermida, Alfred (3 September 2003), "Game plays politics with your PC", BBC, retrieved 29 April 2011
  14. ^ "Republic: The Revolution". Metacritic. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  15. ^ "Evil Genius". Metacritic. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  16. ^ Remo, Chris (14 July 2009), "Rebellion Acquires Vivendi Licenses, Considers New Franchise Titles", Gamasutra
  17. ^ "Elixir Studios", IGN
  18. ^ Brooks R, Hassabis D, Bray D, Shashua A. (2012). "Turing centenary: Is the brain a good model for machine intelligence?" (PDF). Nature. 482 (7386): 462–463. doi:10.1038/482462a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 22358812.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ "Demis Hassabis - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.co.uk. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  20. ^ Hassabis, D.; Kumaran, D.; Vann, S. D.; Maguire, E. A. (2007). "Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (5): 1726–31. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610561104. PMC 1773058. PMID 17229836.
  21. ^ Hassabis, D.; Kumaran, D.; Maguire, E. A. (2007). "Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory". Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (52): 14365–14374. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4549-07.2007. PMC 2571957. PMID 18160644.
  22. ^ Hassabis, D.; Maguire, E. A. (2007). "Deconstructing episodic memory with construction". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 11 (7): 299–306. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001. PMID 17548229.
  23. ^ "Amnesiacs May Be Cut Off From Past and Future Alike", The New York Times, 23 January 2007
  24. ^ The News Staff (2007). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: The Runners-Up". Science. 318 (5858): 1844a–. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1844a.
  25. ^ "Demis HASSABIS". companieshouse.gov.uk. London: Companies House.
  26. ^ "Google DeepMind". www.deepmind.com. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  27. ^ Rowan, David (22 June 2015), "DeepMind: Inside Google's Super Brain", Wired
  28. ^ Metz, Cade (19 May 2016), "What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human", Wired
  29. ^ Simonite, Tom (31 March 2016), "How Google Plans to Solve Artificial Intelligence", MIT Technology Review
  30. ^ Simonite, Tom (25 February 2015), "Google's AI Masters Space Invaders But Still Sucks at Pacman", MIT Technology Review
  31. ^ "DeepMind Technologies", Angel, 26 January 2015
  32. ^ Gannes, Liz (26 January 2014), "Exclusive: Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Startup DeepMind for $400m", Recode
  33. ^ "Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Company DeepMind", Reuters, 26 January 2015
  34. ^ Metz, Cade (27 January 2016), "In a Huge Breakthrough, Google's AI Beats a Top Player at the Game of Go", Wired
  35. ^ Yan, Sophia (12 March 2016), "A Google Computer Victorious Over the World's Go Champion", CNN Money
  36. ^ "Google's Secretive DeepMind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine", MIT Technology Review, 29 October 2014
  37. ^ "Google Developing Kill Switch for AI", BBC, 8 June 2016
  38. ^ Cuthbertson, Anthony (8 June 2016), "Google's Big Red Button Could Save the World", Newsweek
  39. ^ Hern, Alex (5 July 2016), "Google DeepMind pairs with NHS to use machine learning to fight blindness", The Guardian
  40. ^ Silver, David (17 June 2016), "Deep Reinforcement Learning", DeepMind Blog
  41. ^ "Pentamind", Mind Sports Olympiad, 2015
  42. ^ the news staff (21 December 2007), "The Runners-Up", Science
  43. ^ Anon (2015), "Artificial Intelligence and the Future with Demis Hassabis", rts.org.uk, Royal Television Society
  44. ^ Rowley, Tom (28 January 2014), "Demis Hassabis, the Secretive Computer Boffin with the 400 Million Dollar Brain", The Telegraph
  45. ^ "Queens College Philanthropic News", Queens College
  46. ^ "Leading the way: Top 20 Londoners in The 1000 power list", The Evening Standard, 16 October 2014
  47. ^ Redman, Craig (9 December 2013), "The Wired Smart List 2013", Wired
  48. ^ "Europe's Top 50 Tech Entrepreneurs", Financial Times, 19 June 2015
  49. ^ "Honorary Fellows of UCL", UCL Website
  50. ^ Crerar, Pippa (7 September 2016), "The Progress 1000: Mayor Sadiq Khan leads the Evening Standard's list of London's most influential people", Evening Standard
  51. ^ "Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal", Royal Academy of Engineering, 2015
  52. ^ a b Manthorpe, Rowland (9 November 2016), "DeepMind and OpenBionics among the winners at the WIRED Audi Innovation Awards", WIRED
  53. ^ Anon (2016). "Nature's 10". Nature. 540 (7634): 507–515. doi:10.1038/540507a. ISSN 0028-0836.
  54. ^ "Demis Hassabis". Time. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  55. ^ "Cambridge Computer Laboratory Hall of Fame Awards", University of Cambridge Website, 2016
  56. ^ Kahng, Jee Heun (15 March 2016), "Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4-1 score", Reuters
  57. ^ Wentz, Laurel (22 June 2016), "Google DeepMind AlphaGo in U.K. Wins Innovation Grand Prix", Reuters
  58. ^ "City AM Awards 2016", City AM Website
  59. ^ Anon (2016), From AI to protein folding: Our Breakthrough runners-up, Science
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demis_Hassabis&oldid=777376481"